Scrophulariaceae
Scrophulariaceae Juss., Gen. Pl. 117. 1789. nom. cons. 'Snapdragon Family'
Characteristic Features:
Herbs, shrubs or trees
Leaves opposite or spiral
Flowers usually zygomorphic
Gynoecium bi or tricarpellary, syncarpous, 2-3-locular, ovary superior having numerous axile ovules
Fruit a capsule, berry or drupe
Diversity:
World- 76 genera 1,576 species (The Plant List 2013); 62 genera 1,830 species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016); 66 genera, 1800 species (Mabberely 2017); 60 genera, 2344 species (Roskov et al. 2021)
India - 62 genera 368 species (Karthikeyan2000; different Circumscription); 63 genera, 343 species (BSI 2021; different Circumscription)
Indian Himalaya- 53 genera, 285 species (Singh et al. 2019; different circumscription)
Uttarakhand - 3 genera 13 species (Uniyal et al. 2007)
General Characters:
Scrophulariaceae in POWO 2021 (Plants of the World Online)
Scrophulariaceae in Wikipedia
Systematic Position of the Family in Different Systems of Classifications:
Systematic position in 2-Superkingdom, 7-Kingdom classification of Ruggiero et al. (2015)
Super Kingdom- Eukaryota, Kingdom- Plantae, Subkingdom- Viridiplantae, Infrakingdom- Streptophyta, Superphylum- Embryophyta, Phylum- Tracheophyta, Subphylum- Spermatophytina, Superclass- Angiospermae, Class- Magnoliopsida, Superorder- Asteranae, Order- Lamiales
Bentham & Hooker (1862-83)
Class : Dicotyledons
Subclass : Gamopetalae
Series : Bicarpellatae
Orders : Personales
Engler & Prantl (1887-1915)
Kingdom : Plantae
Division : Embryophyta Siphonogama
Subdivision: Angiospermae
Class : Dicotyledoneae
Subclass : Metachlamydeae
Order : Tubiflorae
Hutchinson (1973)
Phylum : Angiospermae
Subphylum : Dicotyledones
Division : Herbaceae
Order : Personales
Cronquist (1988)
Division : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Asteridae
Order : Scrophulariales
Thorne & Reveal (2007)
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Lamiidae
Super Order: Lamianae
Order : Lamiales
Takhtajan (2009)
Phylum : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Lamiidae
Super Order: Lamianae
Order : Lamiales
Reveal (2012)
Class : Equisetopsida
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Super Order : Lamianae
Order : Lamiales
Suborder : Lamiineae
APG-IV (2016)
Clade : Angiosperms
Clade : Eudicots
Clade : Core Eudicots
Clade : Superasterids
Clade : Asterids
Clade : Lamiids
Order : Lamiales
Shipunov (2020)
Class : Angiospermae
Subclass : Asteridae
Super Order: Asteranae
Order : Lamiales
Suborder : Lamiineae
Genera & Species in Pantnagar
To see larger image please click on the name
~~~Wild Flora~~~
Verbascum chinense (L.) Santapau
***Cultivated Flora***
Nemesia strumosa Benth.
Vernacular name: Cape Jewels
Nativity: Cape Provinces, South Africa (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Annual herbs. Leaves lanceolate, toothed margin. Flower two lipped, pouch like and varies in colour from yellow orange, brown to blue.
Flowering period: February to May
Propagation Methods: Propagated by seeds (Dave’s Garden)
Photographed @ MFC