Aristolochiaceae

Aristolochiaceae Juss., Gen. Pl. 72. 1789. nom. cons. 'Birthwort Family'

Characteristic Features

Members are mostly aromatic lianes, scramblers, shrubs, or rhizomatous herbs.
Leaves in spirals, simple, often cordate, marcescent and palmately veined.
Flowers emitting smell of rotten meat, with enlarged, usually ‘S’ shaped petaloid calyx, reduced or completely absent corolla, often adnate stamens forming gynostemium.
Gynoecium with 3-6 carpels, locules of ovary as many as carpels, with mumerous ovules in each locule.

Diversity:

World- 8 genera, 624 species (The Plant List 2013); 7 genera, 500 species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016); 8 genera, 660 species (Mabberley 2017); 6 genera, 681 species (CoL 2021)
India - 4 genera, 26 species (Karthikeyan et al. 2009); 3 genera, 30 species (BSI, 2021)
Indian Himalaya- 2 genera, 12 species (Singh et al. 2019)
Uttarakhand - 1 genus, 5 species (Uniyal et al. 2007)

General Characters:

Aristolochiaceae in Watson & Dallwitz (1992 onwards)
Aristolochiaceae in Stevens (2001 onwards)
Aristolochiaceae in POWO 2019 (Plants of the World Online)
Aristolochiaceae in Wikipedia

Systematic Position of Family in Different Systems of Classifications:

Systematic position in 2-Superkingdom, 7-Kingdom classification of Ruggiero et al. (2015)

Super Kingdom- Eukaryota, Kingdom- Plantae, Subkingdom- Viridiplantae, Infrakingdom- Streptophyta, Superphylum- Embryophyta, Phylum- Tracheophyta, Subphylum- Spermatophytina, Superclass- Angiospermae, Class- Magnoliopsida, Superorder- Magnolianae, Order- Piperales

Bentham & Hooker (1862-83)

Class : Dicotyledons
Subclass : Monochlamydeae
Series : Multiovulatae Terrestres

Engler & Prantl (1887-1915)

Kingdom : Plantae
Division : Embryophyta Siphonogama
Subdivision : Angiospermae
Class : Dicotyledoneae
Subclass : Archichlamydeae
Order : Aristolochiales

Hutchinson (1973)

Phylum : Angiospermae
Subphylum : Dicotyledones
Division : Herbaceae
Order : Aristolochiales

Cronquist (1988)

Division : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Order : Aristolochiales

Thorne & Reveal (2007)

Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Super Order: Magnolianae
Order : Piperales

Takhtajan (2009)

Phylum : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Super Order : Piperanae
Order : Piperales

Reveal (2012)

Class : Equisetopsida
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Super Order : Magnolianae
Order : Piperales

APG-IV (2016)

Clade : Angiosperms
Clade : Magnoliids
Order : Piperales

Shipunov (2020)

Class : Angiospermae
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Order : Piperales
Suborder : Aristolochiineae

Genera & Species in Pantnagar

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