Campanulaceae

Campanulaceae Juss., Gen. Pl. 163. 1789. nom. cons. 'Bluebell Family'

Characteristic Features:

Mainly herbs and less often shrubs or trees
Flowers actinomorphic or zygomorphic with usually 5 perianth
Stamens usually 5, connivent or connate
Gynoecium of 2-5 syncarpous carpels maturing into berry or capsule

Diversity:

World- 88 genera 2,385 species (The Plant List 2013); 81 genera, 2,300 species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016); 85 genera, 2250 species (Mabberely 2017); 89 genera, 2447 species (CoL 2021)
India - 12 genera 46 species (Karthikeyan 2000); 11 genera, 55 species (BSI, 2021)
Indian Himalaya- 8 genera, 49 species (Singh et al. 2019)
Uttarakhand - 7 genera 29 species (Uniyal et al. 2007)

General Characters:

Campanulaceae in Watson & Dallwitz (1992 onwards)
Campanulaceae in Stevens (2001 onwards)
Campanulaceae in POWO 2021 (Plants of the World Online)
Campanulaceae in Wikipedia

Systematic Position of the Family in Different Systems of Classifications:

Systematic position in 2-Superkingdom, 7-Kingdom classification of Ruggiero et al. (2015)

Super Kingdom- Eukaryota, Kingdom- Plantae, Subkingdom- Viridiplantae, Infrakingdom- Streptophyta, Superphylum- Embryophyta, Phylum- Tracheophyta, Subphylum- Spermatophytina, Superclass- Angiospermae, Class- Magnoliopsida, Superorder- Asteranae, Order- Asterales

Bentham & Hooker (1862-83)

Class : Dicotyledons
Subclass : Gamopetalae
Series : Inferae
Orders : Campanales

Engler & Prantl (1887-1915)

Kingdom : Plantae
Division : Embryophyta Siphonogama
Subdivision: Angiospermae
Class : Dicotyledoneae
Subclass : Metachlamydeae
Order : Campanulatae

Hutchinson (1973)

Phylum : Angiospermae
Subphylum : Dicotyledones
Division : Herbaceae
Order : Campanales

Cronquist (1988)

Division : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Asteridae
Order : Campanulales

Thorne & Reveal (2007)

Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Asteridae
Super Order : Asteranae
Order : Asterales

Takhtajan (2009)

Phylum : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Asteridae
Super Order : Asteranae
Order : Campanulales

Reveal (2012)

Class : Equisetopsida
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Super Order: Asteranae
Order : Asterales
Suborder : Campanulineae

APG-IV (2016)

Clade : Angiosperms
Clade : Eudicots
Clade : Core Eudicots
Clade : Superasterids
Clade : Asterids
Clade : Campanulids
Order : Asterales

Shipunov (2020)

Class : Angiospermae
Subclass : Asteridae
Super Order: Asteranae
Order : Asterales
Suborder : Campanulineae

Genera & Species in Pantnagar

To see larger image please click on the name

~Wild Flora~

Campanula dimorphantha Schweinf.