Rhamnaceae

Rhamnaceae Juss., Gen. Pl. 376. 1789. nom. cons. 'Buckthorn Family'

Characteristic Features:

Trees, shrubs, lianas or rarely herbs
Leaves opposite or spirally arranged, simple
Flowers unisexual or bisexual, tetra or pentamerous, perigynous or epiperigynous
Stamens alternisepalous
Nectariferous disc adnate to hypanthium
Fruit a drupe, circumscissile capsule or schizocarp

Diversity:

World- 53 genera 839 species (The Plant List 2013); 5 genera, 950 species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016); 63 genera, 1050 species (Mabberely 2017); 62 genera, 1185 species (Roskov et al. 2021)
India - 15 genera 68 species (Karthikeyan 2000); 15 genera, 64 species (BSI 2021)
Indian Himalaya- 9 genera, 46 species (Singh et al. 2019)
Uttarakhand - 8 genera 26 species (Uniyal et al. 2007), 8 genera 31 species (Pusalkar & Srivastava 2018)

General Characters:

Rhamnaceae in Watson & Dallwitz (1992 onwards)
Rhamnaceae in Stevens (2001 onwards)
Rhamnaceae in POWO 2021 (Plants of the World Online)
Rhamnaceae in Wikipedia

Systematic Position of the Family in Different Systems of Classifications:

Systematic position in 2-Superkingdom, 7-Kingdom classification of Ruggiero et al. (2015)

Super Kingdom- Eukaryota, Kingdom- Plantae, Subkingdom- Viridiplantae, Infrakingdom- Streptophyta, Superphylum- Embryophyta, Phylum- Tracheophyta, Subphylum- Spermatophytina, Superclass- Angiospermae, Class- Magnoliopsida, Superorder- Rosanae, Order-Rosales

Bentham & Hooker (1862-83)

Class : Dicotyledons
Subclass : Polypetalae
Series : Disciflorae
Orders : Celastrales

Engler & Prantl (1887-1915)

Kingdom : Plantae
Division : Embryophyta Siphonogama
Subdivision: Angiospermae
Class : Dicotyledoneae
Subclass : Archichlamydeae
Order : Rhamnales

Hutchinson (1973)

Phylum : Angiospermae
Subphylum : Dicotyledones
Division : Lignosae
Order : Rhamnales

Cronquist (1988)

Division : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Rosidae
Order : Rhamnales

Thorne & Reveal (2007)

Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Malvidae
Super Order: Malvanae
Order : Rhamnales

Takhtajan (2009)

Phylum : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Rosidae
Super Order: Rhamnanae
Order : Rhamnales

Reveal (2012)

Class : Equisetopsida
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Super Order: Rosanae
Order : Rhamnales

APG-IV (2016)

Division : Angiosperms
Clade : Eudicots
Clade : Core Eudicots
Clade : Superrosids
Clade : Rosids
Clade : Fabids
Order : Rosales

Shipunov (2016)

Class : Angiospermae
Subclass : Rosidae
Super Order: Rosanae
Order : Rosales
Suborder : Rhamnineae

Genera & Species in Pantnagar

To see larger images please click on the names

~Wild Flora~

Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn.

Ziziphus oenopolia (L.) Mill.