Gesneriaceae

Gesneriaceae Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl. 30. 1829. 'Gesneria Family'

Salient Features

Members are herbs, sometimes epiphytic, or shrubs, rarely lianas.
Leaves opposite, rarely whorled or in spirals, simple, rarely pinnatifid.
Flowers solitary, axillary, or in thyrses, bisexual, often large.
Calyx of 5 united sepals and corolla of 5 united petals, often bilipped, spurred.
Stamens 4, inserted on corolla tube, alternipetalous,
Gynoecium of 2 united carpels, unilocular with 2 parietal placentas bearing many ovules.
Fruit a capsule, less often a berry, with numerous seeds.

Diversity:

World- 164 genera, 3122 species (The Plant List 2013); 152 genera, 3540 species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016); 151 genera, 3525 species (Mabberley 2017); 152 genera, 3737 species (Roskov et al. 2021)
India - 24 genera, 114 species (Karthikeyan et al. 2009); 35 genera, 151 species (BSI, 2021)
Indian Himalaya- 22 genera, 82 species (Singh et al. 2019)
Uttarakhand - 7 genera, 14 species (Uniyal et al. 2007)

General Characters:

Gesneriaceae in Watson & Dallwitz (1992 onwards)
Gesneriaceae in Stevens (2001 onwards)
Gesneriaceae in POWO 2021 (Plants of the World Online)
Gesneriaceae in Wikipedia

Systematic Position of Family in Different Systems of Classifications:

Systematic position in 2-Superkingdom, 7-Kingdom classification of Ruggiero et al. (2015)

Super Kingdom- Eukaryota, Kingdom- Plantae, Subkingdom- Viridiplantae, Infrakingdom- Streptophyta, Superphylum- Embryophyta, Phylum- Tracheophyta, Subphylum- Spermatophytina, Superclass- Angiospermae, Class- Magnoliopsida, Superorder- Asteranae, Order- Lamiales

Bentham & Hooker (1862-83)

Class : Dicotyledons
Subclass : Gamopetalae
Series : Bicarpellatae
Orders : Personales

Engler & Prantl (1887-1915)

Kingdom : Plantae
Division : Embryophyta Siphonogama
Subdivision : Angiospermae
Class : Dicotyledoneae
Subclass : Metachlamydeae
Order : Tubiflorae
Suborder : Solanineae

Hutchinson (1973)

Phylum : Angiospermae
Subphylum : Dicotyledones
Division : Herbaceae
Order : Personales

Cronquist (1988)

Division : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Asteridae
Order : Scrophulariales

Thorne & Reveal (2007)

Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Lamiidae
Super Order: Lamianae
Order : Lamiales

Takhtajan (2009)

Phylum : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Lamiidae
Super Order : Lamianae
Order : Lamiales

Reveal (2012)

Class : Equisetopsida
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Super Order : Lamianae
Order : Lamiales
Suborder : Gesneriineae

APG-IV (2016)

Clade : Angiosperms
Clade : Eudicots
Clade : Core Eudicots
Clade : Superasterids
Clade : Asterids
Clade : Lamiids
Order : Lamiales

Shipunov (2020)

Class : Angiospermae
Subclass : Asteridae
Super Order : Asteranae
Order : Lamiales
Suborder : Lamiineae

Genera & Species in Pantnagar

To see larger images please click on the names