Lamiaceae
Lamiaceae Martinov, Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 355. 1820. nom. cons. & nom. altern.
(=Labiatae Juss., Gen. Pl. 110. 1789. nom. cons.)
'Mint Family'
Characteristic Features:
Usually aromatic herbs or shrubs or trees
Stem 4-angled
Leaves opposite or whorled
Inflorescence a verticillaster or thyrse
Flowers are bisexual, zygomorphic, bilabiate
Stamens 2 or 4
Gynoecium bicarpellary, syncarpous with superior, deeply 4-lobed ovary and gynobasic style
Fruit a schizocarp of usually 4 nutlets
Diversity:
World- 245 genera 7,886 species (The Plant List 2013); 241 genera, 7,530 species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016); 240 genera, 6700 species (Mabberely 2017); 238 genera, 7923 species (Roskov et al. 2021)
India - 72 genera 435 species (Karthikeyan 2000); 74 genera, 445 species (BSI, 2021)
Indian Himalaya- 71 genera, 267 species (Singh et al. 2019)
Uttarakhand -49 genera 143 species (Uniyal et al. 2007)
General Characters:
Lamiaceae in POWO 2021 (Plants of the World Online)
Lamiaceae in Wikipedia
Systematic Position of the Family in Different Systems of Classifications:
Systematic position in 2-Superkingdom, 7-Kingdom classification of Ruggiero et al. (2015)
Super Kingdom- Eukaryota, Kingdom- Plantae, Subkingdom- Viridiplantae, Infrakingdom- Streptophyta, Superphylum- Embryophyta, Phylum- Tracheophyta, Subphylum- Spermatophytina, Superclass- Angiospermae, Class- Magnoliopsida, Superorder- Asteranae, Order- Lamiales
Bentham & Hooker (1862-83)
Class : Dicotyledons
Subclass : Gamopetalae
Series : Bicarpellatae
Orders : Lamiales
Engler & Prantl (1887-1915)
Kingdom : Plantae
Division : Embryophyta Siphonogama
Subdivision: Angiospermae
Class : Dicotyledoneae
Subclass : Metachlamydeae
Order : Tubiflorae
Hutchinson (1973)
Phylum : Angiospermae
Subphylum: Dicotyledones
Division : Herbaceae
Order : Lamiales
Hutchinson (1973)
Phylum : Angiospermae
Subphylum: Dicotyledones
Division : Herbaceae
Order : Lamiales
Cronquist (1988)
Division : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Asteridae
Order : Lamiales
Thorne & Reveal (2007)
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Lamiidae
Super Order: Lamianae
Order : Lamiales
Reveal (2012)
Class : Equisetopsida
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Super Order: Lamianae
Order : Lamiales
Suborder : Lamiineae
APG-IV (2016)
Clade : Angiosperms
Clade : Eudicots
Clade : Core Eudicots
Clade : Superasterids
Clade : Asterids
Clade : Lamiids
Order : Lamiales
Shipunov (2020)
Class : Angiospermae
Subclass : Asteridae
Super Order: Asteranae
Order : Lamiales
Suborder : Lamiineae
Genera & Species in Pantnagar
To see larger images please click on the names
~~~Wild Flora~~~
Leucas cephalotes (Roth) Spreng.
Mosla dianthera (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Maxim.
Ocimum kilimandscharicum Gurke
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton
Pogostemon benghalensis (Burm.f.) Kuntze
***Cultivated Flora***
Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf.
Vernacular name: Bleeding Heart Vine, Glory Bower, Tropical Bleeding Heart
Nativity: West and Central Tropical Africa (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Herbaceous vines. Leaves shiny, elliptic, opposite. Flowers pendulous, red, with white bracts, bell shaped.
Flowering period: July to September
Propagation Methods: Propagated by stem cuttings (Dave’s Garden)
Photographed @ Garden Section
Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth.
Vernacular name: Coleus
Nativity: Indo-China and North Australia (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Aromatic, evergreen, perennial herb. Stem angled. Leaves simple, opposite, dentate or crenate, variegated.
Flowering period: October to January
Propagation Methods: Propagated by seeds (Dave’s Garden)
Photographed @ CHS
Ocimum tenuiflorum L.
Vernacular name: Holy Basil (English), Tulsi (Hindi)
Nativity: Pakistan to China, Southeast Asia and Australia (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Erect, branched, aromatic herb. Leaves elliptic to ovate – oblong, margin dentate. Inflorescence verticillasters.Flowers bilabiate.
Flowering period: April to November
Propagation Methods: Propagated by seed (Dave’s Garden)
Photographed @ Yamunotri Bhawan
Salvia splendens Sellow ex Nees
Vernacular name: Scarlet Sage
Nativity: Southeast Brazil (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Annual stout herbs. Leaves ovate to triangular, apex acuminate,. Inflorescence racemes. Flowers bilabiate with red calyx and corolla.
Flowering period: February to May
Propagation Methods: Propagated by seeds (Dave’s Garden)
Photographed @ MFC
Tectona grandis L.f.
Vernacular name: Teak (English); Sagun, Sagwaan (Hindi)
Nativity: India to Indochina (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Large tree. Leaves rough, large, elliptic to ovate. Flower in large terminal cymes, white. Fruits globose to tetragonal.
Flowering period: July to August
Propagation Methods: Propagated by seeds (Dave’s Garden)
Photographed @ CBSH