Zygophyllaceae
Zygophyllaceae R.Br., Voy. Terra Austral. 2: 545. 1814. nom. cons. 'Caltrop Family'
Characteristic Features:
Trees, shrubs or herbs
Leaves usually opposite, imparipinnate, geminate or trifoliate
Flowers usually dichlamydeous, pentamerous and nectariferous
Androecium of biseriate free stamens having basally glandular or appendaged filaments
Gynoecium of 5 syncarpous carpels, maturing into a lobed capsule or schizocarp
Diversity:
World- 26 genera 211 species (ThePlant List 2013); 22 genera 285 species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016); 27 genera, 300 species (Mabberely 2017); 26 genera, 287 species (Roskov et al. 2021)
India - 6 genera 15 species (Karthikeyan 2000); 8 genera, 15 species (BSI 2021)
Indian Himalaya- 2 genera, 3 species (Singh et al. 2019)
Uttarakhand - 2 genera 2 species (Uniyal et al. 2007, Pusalkar & Srivastava 2018)
General Characters:
Zygophyllaceae in POWO 2021 (Plants of the World Online)
Zygophyllaceae in Wikipedia
Systematic Position of the Family in Different Systems of Classifications:
Systematic position in 2-Superkingdom, 7-Kingdom classification of Ruggiero et al. (2015)
Super Kingdom- Eukaryota, Kingdom- Plantae, Subkingdom- Viridiplantae, Infrakingdom- Streptophyta, Superphylum- Embryophyta, Phylum- Tracheophyta, Subphylum- Spermatophytina, Superclass- Angiospermae, Class- Magnoliopsida, Superorder- Rosanae, Order-Zygophyllales
Bentham & Hooker (1862-83)
Class : Dicotyledons
Subclass : Polypetalae
Series : Disciflorae
Orders : Geraniales
Engler & Prantl (1887-1915)
Kingdom : Plantae
Division : Embryophyta Siphonogama
Subdivision : Angiospermae
Class : Dicotyledoneae
Subclass : Archichlamydeae
Order : Geraniales
Hutchinson (1973)
Phylum : Angiospermae
Subphylum : Dicotyledones
Division : Lignosae
Order : Malpighiales
Cronquist (1988)
Division : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Rosidae
Order : Sapindales
Thorne & Reveal (2007)
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Rosidae
Super Order: Geranianae
Order : Zygophyllales
Takhtajan (2009)
Phylum : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Rosidae
Super Order : Rutanae
Order : Zygophyllales
Reveal (2012)
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Super Order: Rosanae
Order : Zygophyllales
APG-IV (2016)
Clade : Angiosperms
Clade : Eudicots
Clade : Core Eudicots
Clade : Superrosids
Clade : Rosids
Clade : Fabids
Order : Zygophyllales
Shipunov (2016)
Class : Angiospermae
Subclass : Rosidae
Super Order: Rosanae
Order : Zygophyllales
Genera & Species in Pantnagar
To see larger images please click on the names
~~~Wild Flora~~~
Tribulus sp.