Euphorbiaceae

Euphorbiaceae Juss., Gen. Pl. 384. 1789. nom. cons. 'Spurge Family' 

Characteristic Features:

Diversity:        

General Characters: 

Systematic Position of the Family in Different Systems of Classifications: 

Systematic position in 2-Superkingdom, 7-Kingdom classification of Ruggiero et al. (2015)

Super Kingdom- Eukaryota, Kingdom- Plantae, Subkingdom- Viridiplantae, Infrakingdom- Streptophyta, Superphylum- Embryophyta, Phylum- Tracheophyta, Subphylum- Spermatophytina, Superclass- Angiospermae, Class- Magnoliopsida, Superorder-Rosanae, Order-Malpighiales

Bentham & Hooker (1862-83)

Engler & Prantl (1887-1915)

Hutchinson (1973)

Cronquist (1988)


Thorne & Reveal (2007)

Takhtajan (2009)

Reveal (2012) 

APG-IV (2016)

Shipunov (2020)

Genera & Species in Pantnagar

To see larger images please click on the names

~~~Wild Flora~~~

   Euphorbia prostrata Aiton 

Stem node with root primordia, stipule connate, leaves retuse at apex

  Euphorbia serpens Kunth 

Earlier Trewia nudiflora now M.nudiflorua in Plant List

  Mallotus nudiflorus (L.) Kulju &Welzen (Male) 

Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Mull.Arg. 

Earlier as Sapium sebiferum

 Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb. 

Exploring.......

***Cultivated Flora***

Acalypha hispida Burm.f.

Vernacular name: Cat's tail, Chenille plant, Foxtail, Red-hot Cat’s- tail

Nativity:Bismarck Archipelago (POWO, 2019)

Common Characteristics: Bushy, dioecious shrubs. Leaves heart shaped, margin toothed. Inflorescence droop in pendent cluster, female flower sessile.

Flowering period: Flowers freely

Propagation Methods: Grown by leaf cuttings and herbaceous stem cuttings (Dave’s Garden)

Photographed @ Garden Section 

Acalypha wilkesiana Mull.Arg.

Vernacular name: Copper Leaf, Jacob's Coat

Nativity:Bismarck Archipelago to Southwest Pacific (POWO, 2019)

Common Characteristics: Evergreen branched shrub. Leaves oval to elliptic, long petiolate. Infloresence axillary and unisexual.

Flowering period: July to September

Propagation Methods: Propagate by herbaceous stem cuttings (Dave’s Garden)

Photographed @ CAg 

Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Rumph. ex A.Juss.

Vernacular name: Garden croton

Nativity:Malesia to Southwest Pacific (POWO, 2019)

Common Characteristics: Evergreen shrub. Leaves shape variable in shape, size, colour, linear, lanceolate, fiddle shaped, spatulate, ovoid, with yellow and orange patches.

Flowering period: September to October

Propagation Methods: Propagated by cutting, layering and tooling (Dave’s Garden)

Photographed @ Garden Section 

Euphorbia cotinifolia L.

Vernacular name: Caribbean Copper Plant, Mexican Shrubby Spurge, Red Spurge, Tropical smoke bush

Nativity:Mexico to Tropical America (POWO, 2019)

Common Characteristics: Shrub or small tree. Leaves purplish- brown, rounded- ovate, long petiole. Infloresence terminal and cyanthia.

Flowering period: November to March

Propagation Methods: Propagated by seeds and cutting (Useful Tropical Plants)

Photographed near Gandhi bhawan  

Euphorbia cyathophora Murray.

Vernacular name: Painted-leaf Poinsettia, Summer Poinsettia, Mexican Fire Plant (English); Titli phool (Hindi)

Nativity:Central U.S.A. to North Central Argentina (POWO, 2019)

Common Characteristics: Annual herb. Leaves shape pandurate or lanceolate to ovate. Terminal cyanthia inflorescence. Basal bracts looks like leaves and having orange-red pathches on base side and upper bracts comparatively small and entirely orange- red.

Flowering period: April to November

Propagation Methods: Propagated by seeds (Weeds of Australia)

Photographed @ MFC 

Euphorbia milii Des Moul.

Vernacular name: Crown-of-thorns, Christ Plant, Christ's thorn

Nativity:Madagascar (POWO, 2019)

Common Characteristics: Deciduous perennial shrub with black thorne on stems. Leaves obovate. Flowers are enclosed in paired bracts.

Flowering period: Blooms whole year

Propagation Methods: Propagated by softwood cutting (SFGATE)

Photographed @ Garden Section 

Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch.

Vernacular name: Poinsettia, Christmas flower, Mexican flame leaf

Nativity:Guatemala, Mexico (POWO, 2019)

Common Characteristics: Perennialshrubs. Leaves alternate, ovate. Bracts large and entirely red. Cyathia, terminal, in compact cluster.

Flowering period:December to March

Propagation Methods:Propagated by stem cuttings (Dave’s Garden)

Photographed @ Garden Section 

Euphorbia tithymaloides L.

Vernacular name: Devil's backbone, Japanese poinsettia, Redbird cactus, Slipper spurge

Nativity:Florida, Mexico to Tropical South America (POWO, 2019)

Common Characteristics:Shrubs. Leaves simple, opposite, sessile, acuminate. Flowers red and borne in cluster on terminal end of branches.

Flowering period: Rarely blooms

Propagation Methods: Propagated by stem cutting (SFGATE)

Photographed @ Garden of Admission cell 

Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour.

Vernacular name: Chinese croton, Variegated Leaf (English); Laila Majnu (Hindi)

Nativity: Southeast China to Malaysia and Taiwan (POWO, 2019)

Common Characteristics: Small shrubs. Leaves opposite, shiny, adaxially dark green and abaxially deep red. Cyathia in small axillary clusters.

Flowering period: October to April

Propagation Methods: Propagated by stem cuttings and air layering (Dave’s Garden)

Photographed @ MFC 

Jatropha integerrima Jacq.

Vernacular name: Peregrina

Nativity: Cuba (POWO, 2019)

Common Characteristics: Woody shrubs. Leaves dark green, varies in shape pandurate, obovate or ovate, apex acuminate. Flowers in terminal or subterminal corymbose cymes.

Flowering period: March to November

Propagation Methods: Propagated by stem cuttings and seeds (Dave’s Garden)

Photographed @ CAg 

Jatropha podagrica Hook.

Vernacular name: Buddha Belly Plant, Gout Plant, Australian bottle plant

Nativity: Southern Mexico to Nicaragua (POWO, 2019)

Common Characteristics: Deciduous shrub. Stem caudex, inflated near soil level. Leaves palmately compound, borne on upper part of caudex. Flowers in cymes.

Flowering period: July to October

Propagation Methods: Propagated by seeds (Dave’s Garden)

Photographed @ Garden Section 

Suregada multiflora Baill.

Vernacular name: False Lime, (English); Ban Naranga (Hindi)

Nativity:Eastern India to Chinaand West and Central Malesia (POWO, 2019)

Common Characteristics: Small or medium sized tree. Leaves alternate, entire or dentate. Infloresence cyme. Fruit globose and 3 lobed.

Flowering period: February to September

Propagation Methods:Propagated by seeds (Flora and Fauna Web)

Photographed @ CAg