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Primulaceae Batsch ex Borkh., Syn. Univ. Anal. Gen. Pl. 2: 395. 1794. nom. cons. 'Primrose Family'
Primulaceae Batsch ex Borkh., Syn. Univ. Anal. Gen. Pl. 2: 395. 1794. nom. cons. 'Primrose Family'
Characteristic Features:
Characteristic Features:
Herbs
Flowers dichlamydeous, and usually pentamerous
Sepals and petals connate
Stamens antipetalous
Ovary superior with free-central placentation
Fruit a capsule
Diversity:
Diversity:
World- 68 genera 2,788 species (The Plant List 2013); 53 genera, 2,790 species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016); 57 genera, 2645 species (Mabberely 2017); 60 genera, 3168 species (Roskov et al. 2021)
India - 10 genera 183 species (Karthikeyan 2000); 8 genera, 196 species (BSI, 2021)
Indian Himalaya- 8 genera, 159 species (Singh et al. 2019)
Uttarakhand - 6 genera 56 species (Uniyal et al. 2007)
General Characters:
General Characters:
Primulaceae in POWO 2021 (Plants of the World Online)
Primulaceae in Wikipedia
Systematic Position of the Family in Different Systems of Classifications:
Systematic Position of the Family in Different Systems of Classifications:
Systematic position in 2-Superkingdom, 7-Kingdom classification of Ruggiero et al. (2015)
Systematic position in 2-Superkingdom, 7-Kingdom classification of Ruggiero et al. (2015)
Super Kingdom- Eukaryota, Kingdom- Plantae, Subkingdom- Viridiplantae, Infrakingdom- Streptophyta, Superphylum- Embryophyta, Phylum- Tracheophyta, Subphylum- Spermatophytina, Superclass- Angiospermae, Class- Magnoliopsida, Superorder- Asteranae, Order- Ericales
Bentham & Hooker (1862-83)
Bentham & Hooker (1862-83)
Class : Dicotyledons
Subclass : Gamopetalae
Series : Heteromerae
Orders : Primulales
Engler & Prantl (1887-1915)
Engler & Prantl (1887-1915)
Kingdom : Plantae
Division : Embryophyta Siphonogama
Subdivision: Angiospermae
Class : Dicotyledoneae
Subclass : Metachlamydeae
Order : Primulales
Hutchinson (1973)
Hutchinson (1973)
Phylum : Angiospermae
Subphylum : Dicotyledones
Division : Herbaceae
Order : Primulales
Cronquist (1988)
Cronquist (1988)
Division : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Dilleniidae
Order : Primulales
Thorne & Reveal (2007)
Thorne & Reveal (2007)
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Asteridae
Super Order: Ericanae
Order : Primulales
Takhtajan (2009)
Takhtajan (2009)
Phylum : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Dilleniidae
Super Order: Primulanae
Order : Primulales
Reveal (2012)
Reveal (2012)
Class : Equisetopsida
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Super Order : Ericanae
Order : Ericales
Suborder : Primulineae
APG-IV (2016)
APG-IV (2016)
Clade : Angiosperms
Clade : Eudicots
Clade : Core Eudicots
Clade : Superasterids
Clade : Asterids
Order : Ericales
Shipunov (2020)
Shipunov (2020)
Class : Angiospermae
Subclass : Asteridae
Super Order : Asteranae
Order : Ericales
Suborder : Primulineae
Genera & Species in Pantnagar
Genera & Species in Pantnagar
To see larger images please click on the names
~~~Wild Flora~~~
~~~Wild Flora~~~
Androsace umbellata (Lour.) Merr.
***Cultivated Flora***
***Cultivated Flora***
Primula vulgaris Huds.
Vernacular name: English primrose
Nativity: Europe to Western Caucasus and Lebanon (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Perennial herbs. Leaves in basal rosette, margin irregular and crenate or dentate. Flowers in umbellate cyme on scapes, varies in colour from yellow, white to pink.
Flowering period: February to March
Propagation Methods: Propagated from seeds (Dave’s Garden)
Photographed @ Jha Colony
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