Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae Juss., Gen. Pl. 299. 1789. nom. cons. 'Pink Family'
Characteristic Features:
Mainly herbs with swollen nodes
Leaves simple and opposite
Inflorescence of solitary flower or dichasial cyme
Flowers biseriate, actinomorphic, usually pentamerous, with distinctly clawed petals
Stamens 10 or lesser, obdiplostemonous
Ovary superior, unilocular, with free central placentation
Fruit a capsule, opening by valves or teeth
Diversity:
World- 91 genera 2,456 species (The Plant List 2013); 81 genera, 2,625 species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016); 96 genera, 2500 species (Mabberely 2017); 97 genera, 3296 species (CoL 2021)
India - 25 genera 122 species (Karthikeyan 2000); 30 genera, 150 species (BSI, 2021)
Indian Himalaya- 24 genera, 140 species (Singh et al. 2019)
Uttarakhand - 22 genera 69 species (Uniyal et al. 2007), 25 genera 75 species (Pusalkar & Srivastava 2018)
General Characters:
Caryophyllaceae in POWO 2021 (Plants of the World Online)
Caryophyllaceae in Wikipedia
Systematic Position of the Family in Different Systems of Classifications:
Systematic position in 2-Superkingdom, 7-Kingdom classification of Ruggiero et al. (2015)
Super Kingdom- Eukaryota, Kingdom- Plantae, Subkingdom- Viridiplantae, Infrakingdom- Streptophyta, Superphylum- Embryophyta, Phylum- Tracheophyta, Subphylum- Spermatophytina, Superclass- Angiospermae, Class- Magnoliopsida, Superorder- Caryophyllanae, Order- Caryophyllales
Bentham & Hooker (1862-83)
Class : Dicotyledons
Subclass : Polypetalae
Series : Thalamiflorae
Orders : Caryophyllales
Engler & Prantl (1887-1915)
Kingdom : Plantae
Division : Embryophyta Siphonogama
Subdivision: Angiospermae
Class : Dicotyledoneae
Subclass : Archichlamydeae
Order : Centrospermae
Hutchinson (1973)
Phylum : Angiospermae
Subphylum : Dicotyledones
Division : Herbaceae
Order : Caryophyllales
Cronquist (1988)
Division : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Caryophyllidae
Order : Caryophyllales
Thorne & Reveal (2007)
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Caryophyllidae
Super Order: Caryophyllanae
Order : Caryophyllales
Takhtajan (2009)
Phylum : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Caryophyllidae
Super Order : Caryophyllanae
Order : Caryophyllales
Reveal (2012)
Class : Equisetopsida
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Super Order: Caryophyllinae
Order : Caryophyllales
Suborder : Caryophyllineae
APG-IV (2016)
Clade : Angiosperms
Clade : Eudicots
Clade : Core Eudicots
Clade : Superasterids
Order : Caryophyllales
Shipunov (2020)
Class : Angiospermae
Subclass : Asteridae
Super Order : Caryophyllanae
Order : Caryophyllales
Suborder : Caryophyllineae
Genera & Species in Pantnagar
To see larger images please click on the names
~~~Wild Flora~~~
Spergula fallax (Lowe) E.H.L.Krause
Stellaria media (L.) Vill.
Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert.
***Cultivated Flora***
Dianthus barbatus L.
Vernacular name: Sweet William
Nativity: European Mountains (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Annual herbs. Leaves, opposite, lanceolate. Flowers in compact terminal cyme.
Flowering period: March to April
Propagation Methods: Multiplied by seeds (Dave’s Garden)
Photographed @ MFC
Dianthus caryophyllus L.
Vernacular name: Carnation flower, Clove pink
Nativity: Balkan Peninsula (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves opposite, simple, narrow, lanceolate. Flower in terminal cyme, bisexual, fragrant.
Flowering period: November to April
Propagation Methods: Grown by seeds (Dave’s Garden)
Photographed @ MFC
Dianthus chinensis L.
Vernacular name: China Pink, Dianthus, Indian Pink (English)
Nativity: East Europe to Temperate Asia and Western Himalaya (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves opposite, linear to lanceolate. Flower solitary or in cymes.
Flowering period: November to April
Propagation Methods: Grown by seeds (Dave’s Garden)
Photographed @ MFC