Papaveraceae

Papaveraceae Juss., Gen. Pl. 235. 1789. nom. cons. 'Poppy Family'

Characteristic Features:

Mainly herbs or shrubs, often containing milky sap
Flowers dichlamydeous with triseriate perianth
Androecium of numerous free stamens
Gynoecium with syncarpous superior ovary bearing ovules in parietal placentation
Fruit usually a loculicidal or poricidal capsule

Diversity:

World- 41 genera 920 species (The Plant List 2013); 42 genera 775 species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016); 43 genera, 750 species (Mabberely 2017); 43 genera, 1012 species (Roskov et al. 2021)
India - 9 genera 92 species (Karthikeyan 2000); 5 genera, 31 species (BSI, 2021)
Indian Himalaya- 6 genera, 30 species (Singh et al. 2019)
Uttarakhand - 9 genera 43 species (Uniyal et al. 2007), 9 genera 48 species (Pusalkar & Srivastava 2018)

General Characters:

Papaveraceae in Watson & Dallwitz (1992 onwards)
Papaveraceae in Stevens (2001 onwards)
Papaveraceae in POWO 2021 (Plants of the World Online)
Papaveraceae in Wikipedia

Systematic Position of the Family in Different Systems of Classifications:

Systematic position in 2-Superkingdom, 7-Kingdom classification of Ruggiero et al. (2015)

Super Kingdom- Eukaryota, Kingdom- Plantae, Subkingdom- Viridiplantae, Infrakingdom- Streptophyta, Superphylum- Embryophyta, Phylum- Tracheophyta, Subphylum- Spermatophytina, Superclass- Angiospermae, Class- Magnoliopsida, Superorder- Ranunculanae, Order-Ranunculales

Bentham & Hooker (1862-83)

Class : Dicotyledons
Subclass : Polypetalae
Series : Thalamiflorae
Order : Parietales

Engler & Prantl (1887-1915)

Kingdom : Plantae
Division : Embryophyta Siphonogama
Subdivision: Angiospermae
Class : Dicotyledoneae
Subclass : Archichlamydeae
Order : Rhoeadales

Hutchinson (1973)

Phylum : Angiospermae
Subphylum: Dicotyledones
Division : Herbaceae
Order : Rhoedales

Cronquist (1988)

Division : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Order : Papaverales

Thorne & Reveal (2007)

Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Ranunculidae
Super Order: Ranunculanae
Order : Ranunculales

Takhtajan (2009)

Phylum : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Ranunculidae
Super Order: Ranunculanae
Order : Papaverales

Reveal (2012)

Class : Equisetopsida
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Super Order: Ranunculanae
Order : Ranunculales
Suborder : Papaverineae

APG-IV (2016)

Clade : Angiosperms
Clade : Eudicots
Clade : Ranunculales

Shipunov (2020)

Class : Angiospermae
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Order : Ranunculales
Suborder : Papaverineae

Genera & Species in Pantnagar

To see larger images please click on the names

~Wild Flora~

Argemone mexicana L.

Argemone ochroleuca Sweet

Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley

Cultivated Flora

Eschscholzia californica Cham.

Vernacular name: California poppy

Nativity: West U.S.A. to Mexico (POWO, 2019)

Common Characteristics: Annual herbs. Basal and cauline leaf blades tripinnatipartite, ultimate segments linear or spatulate, middle leaves broad and short. Flower solitary with long peduncle, petals 4, orange or yellow.

Flowering period: January to March

Propagation Methods: Grown by seeds (Dave’s Garden)

Photographed @ MFC

Papaver rhoeas L.

Vernacular name: Corn poppy, Red Poppy, Common poppy (English); Khas-Khas (Hindi)

Nativity: Eastern Mediterranean region (POWO, 2019)

Common Characteristics: Annual herbs. Leaves unequally lobed, pinnatifid, margin serrated. Flower solitary on long peduncle, bowl- shaped, petals 4, variously coloured.

Flowering period: February to April