Plumbaginaceae
Plumbaginaceae Juss., Gen. Pl. 92. 1789. nom. cons. 'Leadwort Family'
Characteristic Features:
Shrubs, lianas or herbs
Leaves simple, spirally arranged
Flowers hypogynous, pentamerous, actinomorphic
Ovary superior, unilocular with solitary, basal, anatropous ovule
Fruit an achene or circumscissile capsule
Diversity:
World- 24 genera 635 species (The Plant List 2013); 30 genera 725 species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016); 30 genera, 710 species (Mabberely 2017); 28 genera, 1135 species (Roskov et al. 2021)
India - 6 genera 10 species (Karthikeyan 2000); 8 genera, 18 species (BSI, 2021)
Indian Himalaya- 3 genera, 6 species (Singh et al. 2019)
Uttarakhand - 1 genus 2 species (Uniyal et al. 2007)
General Characters:
Plumbaginaceae in POWO 2021 (Plants of the World Online)
Plumbaginaceae in Wikipedia
Systematic Position of the Family in Different Systems of Classifications:
Systematic position in 2-Superkingdom, 7-Kingdom classification of Ruggiero et al. (2015)
Super Kingdom- Eukaryota, Kingdom- Plantae, Subkingdom- Viridiplantae, Infrakingdom- Streptophyta, Superphylum- Embryophyta, Phylum- Tracheophyta, Subphylum- Spermatophytina, Superclass- Angiospermae, Class- Magnoliopsida, Superorder- Caryophyllanae, Order- Caryophyllales
Bentham & Hooker (1862-83)
Class : Dicotyledons
Subclass : Gamopetalae
Series : Heteromerae
Orders : Primulales
Engler & Prantl (1887-1915)
Kingdom : Plantae
Division : Embryophyta Siphonogama
Subdivision: Angiospermae
Class : Dicotyledoneae
Subclass : Metachlamydeae
Order : Plumbaginales
Hutchinson (1973)
Phylum : Angiospermae
Subphylum: Dicotyledones
Division : Herbaceae
Order : Primulales
Cronquist (1988)
Division : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Caryophyllidae
Order : Plumbaginales
Thorne & Reveal (2007)
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Caryophyllidae
Super Order: Caryophyllanae
Order : Polygonales
Takhtajan (2009)
Phylum : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Caryophyllidae
Super Order: Polygonanae
Order : Plumbaginales
Reveal (2012)
Class : Equisetopsida
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Super Order: Caryophyllanae
Order : Polygonales
APG-IV (2016)
Clade : Angiosperms
Clade : Eudicots
Clade : Core Eudicots
Clade : Superasterids
Order : Caryophyllales
Shipunov (2020)
Class : Angiospermae
Subclass : Asteridae
Super Order: Caryophyllanae
Order : Caryophyllales
Suborder : Plumbaginineae
Genera & Species in Pantnagar
To see larger image please click on the name
~~~Wild Flora~~~
***Cultivated Flora***
Plumbago auriculata Lam.
Vernacular name: Cape leadwort (English); Nila chitrak (Hindi)
Nativity: South and Southeast Africa (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Densely branched shrubs. Leaves narrow, obovate to oblong, short petioled. Flower light blue, calyx tube glandular hairy, corolla twisted in bud.
Flowering period: June to March
Propagation Methods: Propagate by stem cutting (Dave’s Garden)
Photographed @ Ta Colony