Bixaceae
Bixaceae Kunth, Malvac., Buttner., Tiliac. 17. 1822. nom. cons. 'Bixa Family'
Salient Features
Members are trees to rhizomatous herbs with red or orange juice in secretary cells.
Leaves in spirals, palmate, palmately lobed to simple.
Flowers large, in terminal racemes or panicles, bisexual.
Stamens numerous, centrifugal, nectary-disc intrastaminal or stamens on it.
Gynoecium of 2-5 syncarpous carpels.
Fruit a loculicidal capsule.
Diversity:
World- 4 genera, 23 species (The Plant List 2013); 4 genera, 23 species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016); 4 genera, 21 species (Mabberley 2017); 1 genus, 5 species (CoL 2021)
India - 2 genera, 2 species (Karthikeyan 2000; BSI, 2021))
Indian Himalaya- 2 genera, 2 species (Singh et al. 2019)
Uttarakhand - 1 genus, 1 species (Uniyal et al. 2007)
General Characters:
Bixaceae in Watson & Dallwitz (1992 onwards)
Bixaceae in Wikipedia
Systematic Position of Family in Different Systems of Classifications:
Systematic position in 2-Superkingdom, 7-Kingdom classification of Ruggiero et al. (2015)
Super Kingdom- Eukaryota, Kingdom- Plantae, Subkingdom- Viridiplantae, Infrakingdom- Streptophyta, Superphylum- Embryophyta, Phylum- Tracheophyta, Subphylum- Spermatophytina, Superclass- Angiospermae, Class- Magnoliopsida, Superorder- Rosanae, Order- Malvales
Bentham & Hooker (1862-83)
Class : Dicotyledons
Subclass : Polypetalae
Series : Thalamiflorae
Orders : Parietales
Engler & Prantl (1887-1915)
Kingdom : Plantae
Division : Embryophyta Siphonogama
Subdivision : Angiospermae
Class : Dicotyledoneae
Subclass : Archichlamydeae
Order : Parietales
Suborder : Cistineae
Hutchinson (1973)
Phylum : Angiospermae
Subphylum : Dicotyledones
Division : Lignosae
Order : Bixales
Cronquist (1988)
Division : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Dillenidae
Order : Violales
Thorne & Reveal (2007)
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Malvidae
Super Order: Malvanae
Order : Malvales
Suborder : Cochlospermineae
Takhtajan (2009)
Phylum : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Dilleniidae
Super Order : Malvanae
Order : Malvales
Reveal (2012)
Class : Equisetopsida
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Super Order : Myrtanae
Order : Malvales
Suborder : Cochlospermineae
APG-IV (2016)
Clade : Angiosperms
Clade : Eudicots
Clade : Core Eudicots
Clade : Superrosids
Clade : Rosids
Clade : Malvids
Order : Malvales
Shipunov (2020)
Class : Angiospermae
Subclass : Rosidae
Super Order : Malvanae
Order : Malvales
Genera & Species in Pantnagar
To see larger images please click on the names
***Cultivated Flora***
Bixa orellana L.
Vernacular name: Annato, Achiote (English); Sinduri, Latkan (Hindi)
Nativity: Mexico to South Tropical America (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Evergreen shrub or small tree. Leaves large, ovate. Flower upright, pinkish. Fruit red, spiny, ovoid, 2 valved.
Flowering period: October to December
Propagation Methods: Propagated by stem cuttings and seeds (Dave’s Garden)
Photographed @ MRDC