Orchidaceae
Orchidaceae Juss., Gen. Pl. 64. 1789. nom. cons. 'Orchid Family'
Characteristic Features:
Herbaceous, terrestrial or epiphytic perennials with well developed mycorrhiza
Leaves distichous
Flowers trimerous, resupinate, zygomorphic with showy labellum
Androecium and gynoecium fused to form gynostegium (gynostemium)
Pollen grains often fused to form 1- several pollinia
Ovary inferior with numerous minute seeds
Diversity:
World- 899 genera 27,801 species (The Plant List 2013); 736 genera, 28,000 species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016); 762 genera, 26000 species (Mabberely 2017); 799 genera, 29572 species (Roskov et al. 2021)
India - 184 genera 1,229 species (Karthikeyan 2000); 161 genera, 1329 species (BSI 2021)
Indian Himalaya- 140 genera, 807 species (Singh et al. 2019)
Uttarakhand - 71 genera 242 species (Uniyal et al. 2007)
General Characters:
Orchidaceae in POWO 2021 (Plants of the World Online)
Orchidaceae in Wikipedia
Systematic Position of the Family in Different Systems of Classifications:
Systematic position in 2-Superkingdom, 7-Kingdom classification of Ruggiero et al. (2015)
Super Kingdom- Eukaryota, Kingdom- Plantae, Subkingdom- Viridiplantae, Infrakingdom- Streptophyta, Superphylum- Embryophyta, Phylum- Tracheophyta, Subphylum- Spermatophytina, Superclass- Angiospermae, Class- Magnoliopsida, Superorder- Lilianae, Order- Asparagales
Bentham & Hooker (1862-83)
Class : Monocotyledons
Series : Microspermae
Engler & Prantl (1887-1915)
Kingdom : Plantae
Division : Embryophyta Siphonogama
Subdivision: Angiospermae
Class : Monocotyledoneae
Order : Microspermae
Hutchinson (1973)
Phylum : Angiospermae
Subphylum: Monocotyledones
Division : Corolliferae
Order : Orchidales
Cronquist (1988)
Division : Magnoliophyta
Class : Liliopsida
Subclass : Liliidae
Order : Orchidales
Thorne & Reveal (2007)
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Liliidae
Super Order: Lilianae
Order : Orchidales
Takhtajan (2009)
Phylum : Magnoliophyta
Class : Liliopsida
Subclass : Liliidae
Super Order: Lilianae
Order : Orchidales
Reveal (2012)
Class : Equisetopsida
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Super Order: Lilianae
Order : Orchidales
APG-IV (2016)
Clade : Angiosperms
Clade : Monocots
Clade : Asparagales
Shipunov (2020)
Class : Angiospermae
Subclass : Liliidae
Order : Liliales
Suborder: Orchidineae
Genera & Species in Pantnagar
To see larger image please click on the name
~~~Wild Flora~~~
***Cultivated Flora***
Spathoglottis plicata Blume.
Vernacular name: Boat orchid, Garden orchid, Ground Orchid
Nativity: India to Pacific (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Evergreen terrestrial herb. Leaves long, linear, 3 to 5 pleated, arising from pseudobulb. Flower purple or white, resupinate, borne on erect spike.
Flowering period: Blooms almost throughout the year
Propagation Methods: Propagated by dividing rhizomes, pseudobulbs and from seed which are germinated in vitro.
Photographed @ MFC