Co 2 hinh thuc dong tu:
Dong tu thuong: to go, to see, to watch
Dong tu dac biet: to be, tro dong tu - Modal (can, could…) + Auxiliary (do, did, does…)
Co 2 y nghia dong tu:
To V0: to go, to run, to cry (active)
To V1 + O: to buy a pen, to eat an apple (active + passive)
To V2 + O1 + O2 : to give money to the poor
Hinh thuc cua dong tu nguyen mau co TO.
V1: To V
V2: To be Ving
V3: To have Ved/3
V4: To have been Ving
V5: To be Ved/3
V6: To be being Ved/3
V7: To have been Ved/3
SUMMARY
21 TENSE = 3 TIME X 7 VERB
To read books
Present Tenses = 7
S=1: T reads books.
S>1: T&J read books.
S=1: T is reading books.
S>1: T&J are reading books.
S=1: : T has read books.
S>1: T&J have read books.
S=1: T has been reading books.
S>1:T&J have been reading books.
S=1: a book is read by T.
S>1: books are read by T.
S=1: a book is being read by T.
S>1: books are being read by T.
S=1: a book has been read by T.
S>1: books have been read by T.
Past Tenses = 7
S=1: T read books.
S>1: T&J read books.
S=1: T was reading books.
S>1: T&J were reading books.
S=1: T had read books.
S>1: T&J had read books.
S=1: T had been reading books.
S>1: T&J had been reading books.
S=1: a book was read by T.
S>1: books were read by T.
S=1: a book was being read by T.
S>1: books were being read by T.
S=1: a book had been read by T.
S>1: books had been read by T.
Future Tenses = 7
S=1: T will read books.
S>1: T&J will read books.
S=1: T will be reading books.
S>1: T&J will be reading books.
S=1: T will have read books.
S>1: T&J will have read books.
S=1: T will have been reading books.
S>1: T&J will have been reading books.
S=1: a book will be read by T.
S>1: books will be read by T.
S=1: a book will be being read by T.
S>1: books will be being read by T.
S=1: a book will have been read by T.
S>1: books will have been read by T.
SUMMARY OF FORMULA
Present
S=1 + Vs
S>1 + V
S=1 + is Ving
S>1 + are Ving
S=1 + has Ved/3
S>1 + have Ved/3
S=1 + has been Ving
S>1 + have been Ving
S=1 + is Ved/3
S>1 + are Ved/3
S=1 + is being Ved/3
S>1 + are being Ved/3
S=1 + has been Ved/3
S>1 + have been Ved/3
Past
S=1 + Ved/2
S>1 + Ved/2
S=1 + was Ving
S>1 + were Ving
S=1 + had Ved/3
S>1 + had Ved/3
S=1 + had been Ving
S>1 + had been Ving
S=1 + was Ved/3
S>1 + were Ved/3
S=1 + was being Ved/3
S>1 + were being Ved/3
S=1 + had been Ved/3
S>1 + had been Ved/3
Future
S=1 + will V
S>1 + will V
S=1 + will be Ving
S>1 + will be Ving
S=1 + will have Ved/3
S>1 + will have Ved/3
S=1 + will have been Ving
S>1 + will have been Ving
S=1 + will be Ved/3
S>1 + will be Ved/3
S=1 + will be being Ved/3
S>1 + will be being Ved/3
S=1 + will have been Ved/3
S>1 + will have been Ved/3
Modal:
Can could, may might, will would, shall should, must ought to
Do, does, did
Be, am, is, are, was, were