Troponin Elevation

Thrombotic causes:

• • MI

  • PE

Non-thrombotic causes:

• • Tachy- or bradyarrhythmias, or heart block

  • Critically ill patients, especially with diabetes, respiratory failure or sepsis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

  • Coronary vasospasm

  • Acute neurological disease, including stroke or subarachnoid hemorrhage

  • Cardiac contusion or other trauma including surgery, ablation, pacing, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks, cardioversion, endomyocardial biopsy, cardiac surgery, following interventional closure of atrial septal defects

  • Rhabdomyolysis with cardiac injury

  • Congestive heart failure - acute and chronic

  • Pulmonary embolism, severe pulmonary hypertension

  • Renal failure

  • Aortic dissection

  • Aortic valve disease

  • Apical ballooning syndrome - Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy

  • Infiltrative diseases (ie, amyloidosis, hemochromatosis, sarcoidosis, and scleroderma)

  • Inflammatory diseases (ie, myocarditis or myocardial extension of endo-/pericarditis, Kawasaki disease)

  • Drug toxicity or toxins (ie, adriamycin, 5-flurouracil, herceptin, snake venom)

  • Burns, especially if affecting >25 percent of body surface area

  • Extreme exertion

  • Transplant vasculopathy