Pre-renal Failure

Causes

Reduced extracellular and intravascular volume

    • GI losses (vomiting, diarrhea, NG suction)

    • Dehydration

    • Burns

    • Hemorrhage

Reduced intravascular volume but increased extracellular volume

    • Cirrhosis

    • Nephrotic syndrome

    • CHF

    • 3rd space accumulation (postoperative from abdominal surgery, severe pancreatitis)

Hemodynamically mediated acute renal failure

    • NSAIDs (due to renal prostaglandin inhibition)

    • ACE-I (due to a decrease in efferent arteriolar tone)

    • Hepatorenal syndrome