Pre-renal Failure

Causes

Reduced extracellular and intravascular volume

• • GI losses (vomiting, diarrhea, NG suction)

  • Dehydration

  • Burns

  • Hemorrhage

Reduced intravascular volume but increased extracellular volume

• • Cirrhosis

  • Nephrotic syndrome

  • CHF

  • 3rd space accumulation (postoperative from abdominal surgery, severe pancreatitis)

Hemodynamically mediated acute renal failure

• • NSAIDs (due to renal prostaglandin inhibition)

  • ACE-I (due to a decrease in efferent arteriolar tone)

  • Hepatorenal syndrome