Sensorineural hearing loss
- Congenital: TORCH infection, trisomy 18, 21, Alport's synd, Usher's synd, aplasia of cochlea.
- Acquired: meningitis, otitis, mumps, cmv, herpes, rubeola, sickle cell, dm, temporal bone fracture, leukemia, acoustic neuroma, neurofibromatosis, autoimmune hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism
- Conductive: cerumen impaction, FB, otitis with an effusion.
Causes of Auditory neuropathy and cochlear lesions:
Genetic
Non-syndromic: Otoferlin
Syndromic: CMT, HMSN (Lom type) NDRG1 gene, OPCD, SCD, Friedreich's ataxia, cerebro-oculofacialskeletal syndrome, Usher syndrome.
Autoimmune: Cogan's syndrome
Infectious: Neurosyphilis, HIV, CMV in HIV positive patients, Typhus, Ramsay-Hunt syndrome (HZV oticus)
Neonatal illness: Hyperbilrubinemia of prematurity
Toxic/metabolic: Facial-auditory nerve oxalosis, alcohol, organic mercury and uremia
Idiopathic: Meniere's disease
Other: transient auditory neuropathy caused by high temperature.