D-dimer elevation
Arterial thromboembolic disease
Myocardial infarction
Stroke
Acute limb ischemia
Atrial fibrillation
Intracardiac thrombus
Venous thromboembolic disease
Deep vein thrombosis
Pulmonary embolism
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Preeclampsia and eclampsia
Abnormal fibrinolysis; use of thrombolytic agents
Cardiovascular disease, congestive failure
Severe infection/sepsis/inflammation
Surgery/trauma (eg, tissue ischemia, necrosis)
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Vasoocclusive episode of sickle cell disease
Severe liver disease (decreased clearance)
Malignancy
Renal disease
Nephrotic syndrome (eg, renal vein thrombosis)
Acute renal failure
Chronic renal failure and underlying cardiovascular disease
Normal pregnancy
Venous malformations