Uke 23

Emergence vs. Enforcement (emergens kontra tvang)

Emergente fenomener eller egenskaper kan kun frambringes på organsk vis ved å skape betingelser for at det underliggende system kan frambringe det ønskede resultat.

Enhver instrumentell tilnærming på å framtvinge slike resultater vil pervertere og ødelegge det underliggende system.

Noen eksempler:

Emergenshypotesen: Tvungen emergens vil alltid pervertere det underliggende system

Yaneer Bar-Yam: Emergence of simplicity and complexity, New England Complex Systems Institute, 2018-09-16


"If you try to improve the performance of a system of people, machines, and procedures by setting numerical goals for the improvement of individual parts of the system, the system will defeat your efforts and you will pay a price where you least expect it."
Myron Tribus (1921-2016)


It is, in fact, nothing short of a miracle that the modern methods of instruction have not yet entirely strangled the holy curiosity of inquiry; for this delicate little plant, aside from stimulation, stands mainly in need of freedom. Without this it goes to wrack and ruin without fail.
Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

Learning is not the product of teaching. Learning is the product of the activity of learners.
John Holt (1923-1985)

Schools themselves pervert the natural inclination to grow and learn into the demand for instruction.
Ivan Illich (1926-2002)

"By art teaching I hasten to say that I do not mean giving children lessons in freehand drawing and perspective. I am simply calling attention to the fact that fine art is the only teacher except torture. I have already pointed out that nobody, except under threat of torture, can read a school book. The reason is that a school book is not a work of art. Similarly, you cannot listen to a lesson or a sermon unless the teacher or the preacher is an artist."
George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)​

"From the freedom to explore comes the joy of learning. From knowledge acquired by personal initiative arises the desire for more knowledge. And from mastery of the novel and beautiful world awaiting every child comes self-confidence."
Edward O. Wilson

"Quality means doing it right when no one is looking".
Henry Ford​ (1863-1947)

Modern medicine is a negation of health. It isn't organized to serve human health, but only itself, as an institution. It makes more people sick than it heals.
Ivan Illich (1926-2002)

"The one thing with writing stories about the rise of fascism is that if you wait long enough, you'll almost certainly be proved right. Fascism is like a hydra - you can cut off its head in the Germany of the '30s and '40s, but it'll still turn up on your back doorstep in a slightly altered guise."
Alan Moore