Uke 05
Forskningens illusjoner
All vestlig forskning bygger på to fundamentale illusjoner:
Objektivitet; verden kan observeres uten noe observatør…
Rasjonalitet; menneskets fornuft er upåvirkelig…
Resultatet blir deretter:
"Hvor utgangspunktet er galest,
blir titt resultatet originalest."
—Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906)
"Far from being magisterial in its objectivity, science was conditioned by history, society, and the prejudices of scientists."
― Thomas S. Kuhn (1922-1996)
"Objectivity is the delusion that observations could be made without an observer."
— Heinz von Foerster (1911-2002)
“Human behavior flows from three main sources: desire, emotion, and knowledge. ”
― Plato (428-348BC)
“It has been said that man is a rational animal. All my life I have been searching for evidence which could support this.”
― Bertrand Russell (1872-1970)
“Let’s not forget that the little emotions are the great captains of our lives and we obey them without realizing it.”
― Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890)
“Emotion is inseparable from the body in which it is felt, and emotion is also the basis for our engagement with the world.”
"Ninety percent of our lives is governed by emotion. Our brains merely register and act upon what is telegraphed to them by our bodily experience. Intellect is to emotion as our clothes are to our bodies; we could not very well have civilized life without clothes, but we would be in a poor way if we had only clothes without bodies."
― Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947)
“A popular belief about “rationality” is that rationality opposes all emotion—that all our sadness and all our joy are automatically anti-logical by virtue of being feelings. Yet strangely enough, I can’t find any theorem of probability theory which proves that I should appear ice-cold and expressionless. So is rationality orthogonal to feeling? No; our emotions arise from our models of reality. If I believe that my dead brother has been discovered alive, I will be happy; if I wake up and realize it was a dream, I will be sad. P. C. Hodgell said: “That which can be destroyed by the truth should be.” My dreaming self’s happiness was opposed by truth. My sadness on waking is rational; there is no truth which destroys it.”
“What we call rational grounds for our beliefs are often extremely irrational attempts to justify our instincts.”
― Thomas Henry Huxley (1825-1895)
"Most decisions are seat-of-the-pants judgments. You can create a rationale for anything. In the end, most decisions are based on intuition and faith."
"Human rationality depends critically on sophisticated emotionality. It is only because our emotional brain works so well that our reasoning can work at all."