Uke 11

Samvær kontra marked

I boka "Economyths" skriver David Orrell om våre to byttesystemer; sosialt og marked (side 260-261):

"As the behavioral psycologist Dan Ariely observes in his book Predictably Irrational 'We live in two worlds: one characterized by social exchanges and the other characterized by market exchanges'. Social exchanges are 'warm and fuzzy' and include offers of help, exchange of gifts, neighbourly collaborations, and volounteer work. The pleasure is in the action itself, and immediate reciprocity is not expected or demanded. Market exchanges, in contrast, are 'sharp-edged' and based on numerical calculations of wages,payments, and prices.Social norms are more right-brained and intuitive, while market norms are left-brained and calculating.

In most situations, we manage to keep these two worlds separate frome one another, and it can lead to all sorts of misunderstandings when we mix them by accident or design. In one experiment, psychologists tested to see what would happen at a day care center if parents were fined when they show up late for their children. Under the usual system, parents felt guilty when they were late, so avoided doing it again in future — the situation was governed by social norms. When fines were imposed, the parents stopped feeling guilty and started calculating instead — with the unintended effect that many chose to show up late and pay the penalty".(Ref. 31)

Det viser seg at sosiale normer fremmer adferd  sterkere enn markedsnormer (gapestokk kontra lommebok).

Noen ganger er det vrient å holde de to systemene fra hverandre.

Hvis man overstyrer de sosiale normene med markedsnormer, kan det bli vanskelig å vende tilbake til "vanlig folkeskikk" fordi man har blitt vant med kynisk kalkulasjon… 

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