In-Text Citations

MLA Style:

1. Direct Quotation:

   • "Direct quotation example" (Smith 45).

   • According to Smith, "Direct quotation example" (Smith 45).

2. Paraphrase:

   • Smith argues that paraphrasing is essential (Smith 22).

   • Paraphrasing is essential (Smith 22).

3. Multiple Authors:

   • "Direct quotation example" (Johnson, Brown, and Lee 34).

   • Paraphrased information (Johnson et al. 34)

-et al is Latin for "and others"

• The rapid advancement of technology has revolutionized various aspects of society, including education. Online learning platforms have become increasingly popular, offering flexible alternatives to traditional classroom settings (Johnson et al. 34). With the proliferation of internet access and digital devices, students now have access to a wealth of educational resources at their fingertips (Smith 22). However, while online education offers convenience and accessibility, it also presents challenges such as the potential for distractions and lack of face-to-face interaction (Jones 56). Despite these challenges, research suggests that properly designed online courses can be as effective as traditional classroom instruction. As Brown (78) points out, "Properly designed online courses have been found to facilitate meaningful learning experiences comparable to those achieved in face-to-face settings" (p. 78). Moreover, online learning has the potential to cater to diverse learning styles and accommodate students with various needs (Johnson, Brown, and Lee 34). As educational institutions continue to integrate technology into their curricula, it is essential to critically evaluate the effectiveness and impact of online learning on student outcomes (Smith 45). Additionally, a YouTube video by TED Talks provided insights into the innovative use of virtual reality in education. According to the video, "Virtual reality has the potential to transform education by providing immersive learning experiences" (TED Talks). Furthermore, a study published on the website of the National Education Association highlights the benefits of incorporating technology in the classroom to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes (NEA).

• 
  

• In this revised paragraph:

• 
  

• Two direct quotes are incorporated into the text, properly cited according to MLA guidelines.

• The first direct quote from Brown (78) is integrated into the sentence and followed by the page number.

• The second direct quote from the TED Talks video is cited using the name of the source in the absence of an author or page number.

• The additional source from the National Education Association's website is cited at the end of the paragraph.

Citing Print Material

This increase accompanied the decrease in rural populations, as farmers who “preferred trade, transportation, or ‘tinkering’” to the tasks of tending to crops and animals found great opportunities in the city (Danhof 7). Trade and transportation thus began to influence farming life significantly. Before 1820, the rural community accounted for eighty percent of consumption of farmers’ goods (Hurt 127). With the improvements in transportation, twenty-five percent of farmers’ products were sold for commercial gain, and by 1825, farming “became a business rather than a way of life” (128). This business required farmers to specialize their production and caused most farmers to give “less attention to the production of surplus commodities like wheat, tobacco, pork, or beef” (128). The increase in specialization encouraged some farmers to turn to technology to increase their production and capitalize on commercial markets (172).

In-text citations for print sources with no known author

When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work instead of an author name. Place the title in quotation marks if it's a short work (such as an article) or italicize it if it's a longer work (e.g. plays, books, television shows, entire Web sites) and provide a page number if it is available.

We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has "more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change . . ." ("Impact of Global Warming").