CONTENTS

3. October 24, 2023: Regulation of Foreigner's Journey of Inland Japan, submitted by Terajima Foreign Minister to Sanjyo Prime Minister on May 21, 1874. 

2. Feb.23, 2023: Lost of the NIL on March 22, 1874.ニール号遭難事件 

1. Jan. 10, 2023: Jin-Riki-Sha人力車

3. 外国人内地旅行允準条例、1874年5月21日寺島外務卿より三条太政大臣へ

・『日本外交文書』七巻、五九〇頁以下。

この点に関する明治政府の取扱基準をまとめたのが「外国人内地旅行允準条例」一 八七四年五月二一日寺島宗則外務卿より三条実美太政大臣に提出

この条例は遊歩区域外への内地旅行を認める基準を定 めた 規則で、 旅行を許される者 は、

①遭難船の乗組員と救助に赴く開港地居住者、

②養蚕、製茶など日本の物産・資源などの学術研究で現地 に 行く者、

③動植物等の学術研究に行く者、

④天体の測量等地理学的検分や測量・観測などを行う者 とされ 、

⑤病気療養に赴く 者については 、医師の証明が必要で期間は30日または50 日まで 、横浜居留の者には箱根・熱海・富士・日光・伊香保を許し、神戸居留の者には有馬・琵琶湖・比叡山南部の諸峰を許し、長崎居留の者は五島・島原、函館居留者は札幌まで に 限りに許す 、 とされました。

⑥政府または民間の雇入外国人が所用の目的地に赴くとき、

⑦東京から港に緊急往復する必要があるとき、

⑧お雇い外国人の家族 を 呼寄せあるいは帰国させる時、

⑨来日する外国の貴顕で日本公使の紹介状のある者、または外国公使の依頼のある者、

⑩鉱山、牧場などの専門知識を有し、あるいは機械の設置・運転の助力を依頼する時、

⑪内地旅行外国人の従者、

⑫外国人に同伴する通訳ガイド、とされました。

2. Lost of the NIL on March 22, 1874.ニール号遭難事件

※フランス国籍の貨物船ニール号が3月22日に伊豆半島沖で遭難し、同船には前年ウィーンで開かれた万国博覧会の展示品が積み込まれていた。船舶と乗務員ともにこれらの物品も海の藻屑と化し、明治政府の、特に博物館事務局と同博覧会副総裁の佐野常民の落胆は大きなものがあった。佐野はこれ以降、博物館から身を引いたように見え、代わりに田中芳男や町田がその業務を担うようになる。この日本美術の損失に対しイギリス政府は同情し、翌々年、イギリスの美術品を進呈することにしクリストファー・ドレッサーを派遣した。このことはよく知られているが、同時代の新聞記事はどのように紹介しているのか探ってみよう。

A. Existing Studies.既往研究

B. New Sources.新資料

(1) Japan Weekly Mail, March 28, 1874.

--THE week has been marked by an appalling calamity. The Nil, a steamer belonging to the Messageries Maritimes left Hong Kong on the 13th inst. with the mail, and was due here on the 22nd inst. Her non-arrival on that day caused no uneasiness, as strong northerly winds had prevailed during the week. But at about noon on Wednesday intelligence was received by the local authorities that she had been totally lost on the night of the 20th instant, off Cape Idsu, only four persons having escaped out of a total complement of 146 passengers and crew. With the exception of a short letter, which will be found below, from one of the passengers, no authentic information has been received, and we are wholly without details of the disaster. There are reports that the boilers of the vessel exploded, but at what period of the occurrence is not known, nor is the fact itself in any way authenticated. It is surmised that, intending to make the passage inside Rock Island, the

Commander mistook the light on Cape Idsu for the Rock Island light, and thus must have steered straight on to the rocks on a terrible coast. But this surmise cannot be correct as the light on Cape Idsu is red, while that on Rock Island is white.

--The Bourayne, a French gunboat left early next morning for the scene of the disaster. (Why not within two hours of the receipt of the intelligence?) A steamer, too, belonging to aJapanese Company was despatched to the spot with great consideration and as much promptitude as the circumstances admitted of. Captain Lest, of H. M. S. Thistle offered his services immediately after the arrival of the news, but the French Minister to whom the officer was submitted, declined it, on the ground,as we presume, that the Bourayne could give all the necessary assistance. It is impossible not to regret that Captain Leet's offer was refused, and he has even incurred

some criticism for not having at once gone off on his own responsibility, wholly independent of any acceptance or refusal of his prompt offer. It may, however, be surmised that he thought the Bouraync would be despatched instantly. We must, nevertheless, concur with those who wish that he had at once acted on his own impulses. Etiquette is well, but not in such cases.

--Mr. Pearson, of the firm of Pearson and Lawrence, whose partner, Mr. Lawrence, was on board, started overland for the scene of the disaster with all possible speed.

The following are the names of the passengers known to have been coming up in the vessel, but the list does not include those who embarked at Hong kong. From Marseilles : Madame Avril, Messrs. Bateman, Lawrence, Liccioni, Muraoux, Josida, find Leiseberg. From Saigon: M. Pallier. The news arrived on Wednesday at noon, and little further has reached us to the time of going to press.

--“ MERA, March 21, 1874: The mail steamer, the Nil, sank during the night of the 20th and 21st, on the coast of Idsu. The vessel is completely lost, and up to the present there are only four of us saved. We cannot say what has become of the remainder of the passengers and crew.

(2) Japan Weekly Mail, April 4, 1874.

THE LOSS OF THE NIL.

--Through the courtesy of Mr. Henry Johnson, Pilot, who has just returned from the wreck of the Nil, in his cutter While Cloud, we are enabled to given the following details of the loss of the ill-fated vessel.

--On the 24th (Thursday), whilst at Cape Idzu, Mr. Johnson heard of the catastrophe and immediately proceeded to the spot, in the hope of being able to render some assistance. He found the wreck lying in deep water, about a cable's length from the shore, about 4 1/4 miles from Iro-o-saki, where there is a lighthouse. Her topsail yards are above water. It is supposed that on account of the weather, which was extremely thick, with driazling rain, the vessel had got too far into the land, inside the Gulf of Tsuraga, in such a position that the smaller light on Iro-o-saki was completely shut out from view.

--The machinery, it appears, broke down during the preceding flight, but was repaired, and the vessel again went ahead. During that momentous interval, no doubt influenced by the tremendous set of the currents thereabout, she must have swept inshore. She was making for the light on Rock Island we are informed, but nothing precise seemed to be known of her position till she struck. This was at about half past twelve on the night of 20th/21st. It was half-an-hour after she struck before she went down with the boats hanging to her davits, as the Captain, we are told, would give no orders for them to be lowered ; otherwise-it is the opinion of one of the survivors--nearly, if not all, the souls on board might have been saved. There is said to have been a total of  7l‘Europeans"on board, and about 40 Chinamen. All of the

latter were drowned, and, of the former, four only escaped, as was first reported. ' These were saved in the following manner.

--Two of the crew thinking it dangerous to remain any longer by the wreck lowered a boat at their own risk, and after much buffating with the waves, man aged to get safely ashore. Another of the hands gained the land on a piece of the wreck, and Mr. Meramour- formerly cook at the Yokohama Club, entrusted him lolf to the deep in a life preserver, and after lying in the water for two hours, was picked up by the boat containing the two men. Query ? Might there not have been a chance for all

had they taken to the boats,—sceing that the three men managed to reach the shore by their unaided exertions ? Four bfllies were washed ashore, 2 Europeans and two Chinamen.

--The survivors are being kindly treated by the Japanese. Mr. J0l1!180n ofiered to bring them up, but the authorities preferred *0 Wait the arrival of the relief party. As we have said, only °l16 passenger was saved, M. Meraour. Of the crew who managed to reach the land two were seamen, and the other was the ship's baker. our informant left Mills, the village where the survivors are now living, on Wednesday evening, 25th. Yesterday morning, it 8 oclock, he met the Bourayne coming out of Simoda H!-Pbonr, on her way lo the scene of the wreclz. She left here on Thflmdly morning about 7 o’cl0ck ; delay enough, surely, Belng that the news of the disaster reached Yokohama on Wed n°'da_Y» shortly after noon. Can this further delay be Blplained ?— Gazette.

A. 既往. Existing Studies

(1) 斉藤俊彦『人力車（1979年）』、同書復刻版『人力車の研究（2014年）』

目次

第一章 前史

1,西欧、フランスの人力車、阿蘭陀人巡見之図

2,日本、自家用の車、営業用の車

3.座型の人力車、腰掛け型と座型（乗り合い人力車）、日除け人力車、六人乗人力車、狩野夏雄の一家の東京転生、九人乗人力車、東海道筋水口駅の家台車

第二章 人力車の発明

1.発明者はだれか、アメリカ人ゴーブル、

・アメリカ人宣教のボーブルは、1869年頃、病弱の妻のために小さな車を考案して大工に作らせた。

2.三人の発明者グループ、和泉要助聞き書、鈴木徳次郎の手記、

・明治2年和泉要助らは人力車を試作し、直ちに出願、洞4年5月に許可を得た。

・福沢諭吉は，慶応3年にアメリカから乳母車を持ち帰った。これをひいているのを見た和泉要助らは人力車を揃えた。「草郷清四郎談」『福沢諭吉伝第4巻』

3.年金請願運動と記念碑

第三章 各地に野蒜人力車

B. 同時代外国人の記述Contemporary Foreigner's Descriptions

(1) 1869年2月のマクヴェイン夫妻日記の記述とスケッチMcVean's Diary on February 2, 1869

[Colin]  "go out to dinner Yokohama" with a vehicle illustrated. 

(2) 1873年1月付けマクヴェイン夫妻日記The McVeans Diary on Jan 16 Thursday, 1873.

[Mary] Another fine day wind still pretty high.  In the afternoon I walked to Mrs [Stas] found  her at home.  She shewed me a silk dress a hat, & other articles of European clothing which she had got for her own adornment in Yokohama.  The Cartmans and we dined with the Sheppards in the evening.  Went in jin rikisya lovely evening fine moonlight in returning. 

(3) 1875年3月5日のマクヴェイン夫妻日記.The McVeans Diary on March 5, 1875.

[Mary]   Mr Simpson stood proxy god father for babys grand papa  There were present at the baptism  besides those in the house Mr Shaw, Mr & Mrs Simpson & Mrs de Boinville & Mrs Rymer Jones. After tiffin went in six jin rikishas to Mukojima  to see the plum blossoms.