Period 2 – Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies, c. 600 BCE to c. 600 CE
With the organization of large-scale empires, the volume of long-distance trade increased dramatically. Much of this trade resulted from the demand for raw materials and luxury goods. Land and water routes linked many regions of the Eastern Hemisphere. The exchange of people, technology, religious and cultural beliefs, food crops, domesticated animals, and disease pathogens developed alongside the trade in goods across extensive networks of communication and exchange. In the Americas and Oceania, localized networks developed.
Key Concept 2.3.III.B specifies Roman and Han imperial decline.
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Illustrative examples, changes in farming and irrigation techniques:
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