CH 22-2
THE ENLIGHTENMENT IN EUROPE
22.2-The Enlightenment in Europe.pdfGroup Discussions
What were some of the most important effects of the Enlightenment?
Recognizing Effects: What influence did the ideas of John Locke have on the Declaration of Independence? Support your answer with specific details. Think about natural rights, the purpose of government, and the rights of citizens.
Forming and Supporting Opinions: What was the Enlightenment concept of nature? Explain why you agree or disagree with this concept. Think about the relationship between natural law and economics and politics, the scientific method, observations that support or refute the Enlightenment concept.
Synthesizing: How did the ideas of Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Voltaire and Beccaria influence the U.S. Constitution?
Standard:
I-C.3 Explain and analyze revolutions (e.g., democratic, scientific, technological, social) as they evolved throughout the enlightenment and their enduring effects on political, economic and cultural institutions.
Objective:
Analyze the ideas of Enlightenment philosophers and the impact of these ideas.
Explain the ideas of Hobbes and Locke and other Enlightenment philosophers.
Describe women and the Enlightenment.
Explain the legacy of the Enlightenment.
WICOR: Writing, Inquiry, Collaboration, Organization and Reading
EQ: What were some of the most important effects of the Enlightenment?
Two views on government
Hobbes social contract
Locke's natural rights
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
The philosophes Advocate reason
Voltaire combats intolerance
Montesquieu and the separation of powers
Rousseau: champion of freedom
Beccaria promotes criminal justice
Voltaire
3 reasons to love Voltaire
Freedom of speech
Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Woman and the enlightenment
Who was Mary Wollstonecraft?
Legacy of the Enlightenment
Believe in progress
A more secular Outlook
Importance of the individual
All about the Enlightenment The Age of Reason
Socially prominent women deeply infl uenced the development of Enlightenment thought by organizing and maintaining salons—gatherings where philosophes, scientists, and intellectuals discussed the leading ideas of the day. Though produced in 1814, this painting depicts the Parisian salon of Mme. Geoffrin (center left), a leading patron of the French philosophes, about 1775. In the background is a bust of Voltaire, who lived in Switzerland at the time.
Vocabulary
Enlightenment
Age of reason
Social contract
According to Thomas Hobbes, an agreement people make with government
John Locke
Philosopher who wrote about government, Life, Liberty and Property
Philosophes
social critics in France
Voltaire
writer who fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief, and freedom of speech
Montesquieu
French writer concerned with government and political liberty, checks and balances
Rousseau
Enlightenment thinker who championed freedom
Mary Wollstonecraft
Author who wrote women's rights
Critical Thinking:
1a Where's the arguments for and against an Absolute Monarchy as proposed by Hobbes?
1b What document in US history reflects some Locke's ideas about life liberty and property?
2a What is the meaning of Voltaire's famous quotation "I do not agree with the words you say but I'll defend to the death your right to say it"?
2b How does power check power in today's u.s. government?
3a Why might men hesitate to give women education and equality under the law?
3b What does Mary Astell mean that women are "born slaves"?
4a How can you link the belief in reason to the desire to end slavery and promote social equality?
4b How would explaining mysteries by Math change one's view of God?
