A variety of internal and external factors contribute to state formation, expansion, and decline. Governments maintain order through a variety of administrative institutions, policies, and procedures, and governments obtain, retain, and exercise power in different ways and for different purposes.
Explain how and why states in Africa developed and changed over time
In Africa, as in Eurasia and the Americas, state systems demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity and expanded in scope and reach
State systems in Africa:
Great Zimbabwe
Ethiopia
Hausa kingdoms
Who built Great Zimbabwe? And why? - Breeanna Elliott
3,000 years Ethiopia's history explained in less than 10 minutes
The Hausa Kingdoms