Ch 22
Scientific Revolutution
Standards:
Analyze and interpret the major eras and important turning points in world history from the age of enlightenment to the present, to develop an understanding of the complexity of the human experience:
3. Explain and analyze revolutions (e.g., democratic, scientific, technological, social) as they evolved throughout the enlightenment and their enduring effects on political, economic and cultural institutions, to include:
a. Copernican view of the universe and Newton’s natural laws;
b. tension and cooperation between religion and new scientific discoveries;
c. impact of Galileo’s ideas and the introduction of the scientific method as a means of understanding the universe;
d. events and ideas that led to parliamentary government (English civil war, glorious revolution);
NCSS Id compare and analyze societal patterns for preserving and transmitting culture while adapting to environmental or social change;
NCSS IIb apply key concepts such as time, chronology, causality, change, conflict, and complexity to explain, analyze, and show connections among patterns of historical change and continuity;
NCSS IIc identify and describe significant historical periods and patterns of change within and across cultures, such as the development of ancient cultures and civilizations, the rise of nations-states, and social, economic, and political revolutions;
NCSS Vc describe the various forms institutions take, and explain how they develop and change over time;
NCSS VIb explain the purpose of government and analyze how its powers are acquired, used, and justified;
NCSS VIc analyze and explain ideas and mechanisms to meet needs and wants of citizens, regulate territory, manage conflict, establish order and security, and balance competing conceptions of a just society;
NCSS VIIIb make judgments about how science and technology have transformed the physical world and human society and our understanding of time, space, place, and human-environment interactions;
NCSS VIIg compare basic economic systems according to how rules and procedure deal with demand, supply, prices, the role of government, banks, labor and labor unions, savings and investments, and capital;
NCSS IXa explain how language, art, music, belief systems, and other cultural elements can facilitate global understanding or cause misunderstanding;
Previewing main ideas
Science and Technology
The Scientific Revolution began when astronomers question how the universe operate by shattering long-held views these astronomers open a new world of discovery.
Power and authority
The thinkers of Enlightenment challenge old ideas about power and authority. Such new ways of thinking led to, among other things, the American Revolution.
Revolution
Between the 16th and 18th centuries are a series of revolutions help to usher in the modern era in Western history. Revolutions in both thought and action forever change European and American society.
Chapter Objective:
Analyze events that led Enlightenment scientists and thinkers to question old ideas and to revolutionize the arts, religion, government, and society.
WICOR: Writing, Inquiry, Collaboration, Organization and Reading
SECTION 1 The Scientific Revolution
Explain the development of the Scientific Revolution and the impact of the scientific method on different fields of study.
SECTION 2 The Enlightenment in Europe
Analyze the ideas of Enlightenment philosophers and the impact of these ideas.
SECTION 3 The Enlightenment Spreads
Trace the spread and impact of Enlightenment ideas throughout Europe.
SECTION 4 The American Revolution
Describe the events that led to the American Revolution and the influence of Enlightenment ideas on American government.
Vocabulary
revolution
a very great change from things in the past
social class
a grouping of people in a society based usually based on wealth, religion, ethnicity, or other factors
population
the number of people in a particular area
rural
relating to the countryside (rather than a city)
transportation
the process of being moved from one place to another
natural resources
materials the occur in nature and can be used for economic gain (to make money) like forests, water, fertile land, oil, or coal
labor
work, especially hard physical work
supply
the amount of something that is available
demand
a person’s desire for something
Abuses
improper uses, misuses
Astronomy
Study of the universe beyond the earth
Boycott
Organized refusal to buy a certain good or participate in a certain action
Hypothesis
attempt to answer a question that needs to be proven or disproven
Intellectual
Related to thinking or to the mind
Law of gravity
Idea linking motion in the heavens with motion on the Earth and based on the principle that every object attracts every other object
reformed
Changed for the better
Repeal
Take back a law
Serfdom
State or condition of using workers as slaves
Vaccination
Introduction of weakened or killed viruses or bacteria into the body to protect against a specific disease
Violated
Went against
Chapter Quiz:
The use of a logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas is known as
(A)the scientific method
(B)heliocentrism
(C)geocentrism
(D)an experiment
Efforts to apply the scientific method to society created the movement called
(A)the Scientific Revolution
(B)the social contract
(C)the Enlightenment
(D)the Reformation
An idea found in the writings of both Locke and Rousseau is
(A)the social contract
(B)government by popular consent
(C)the natural goodness of people
(D)the rights of women
In contrast to the baroque style, the artistic styles of the late 1700s emphasized
(A)order and simplicity
(B)drama and grandeur
(C)richness of color
(D)elaborate imagery
The system of checks and balances in the United States federal government was derived from the ideas of
(A)Locke
(B)Voltaire
(C)Rousseau
(D)Montesquieu
Group project, using WICOR: Writing, Inquiry, Collaboration, Organization and Reading. Assigned Groups will create and present, "I am Poem" and 5 Section Graphic organizer Posters.
Across
- 6.He explained law of gravity (2 wrds)
- 7.He reasoned that the planets revolved around the sun
- 10.Writer who fought intolerance
- 12.Russian ruler admired by philosophes
- 13.Social gathering in a Parisian home
Down
- 1.Advocates of reason
- 2.Life, liberty, and property (2 wrds)
- 3.Ornate style
- 4.Absolute ruler
- 5.Age of Reason
- 8.An unproved assumption
- 9.His ideas helped inspire the French Revolution
- 11.Tried by the Inquisition for his beliefs