Dendrocalamus membranaceus
Dendrocalamus membranaceus Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26 (1), 1868: 149.
Synonyms: Bambusa membranacea (Munro) Stapleton & N. H. Xia, Kew Bull. 52 (1), 1997: 238; Dendrocalamus longifimbriatus Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7, 1896: 92 (cf. S. Dransfield & K. M. Wong in Thai Forest Bull. (Bot.), 2004); Sinocalamus longifimbriatus (Gamble) T. Q. Nguyen, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 74 (11), 1989: 1662; Oxytenanthera lacei Gamble, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1910 (10), 1910: 385; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911 (4), 1911: 192.
Thai names: ไผ่ซาง (phai sang) /'pʰàj 'saːŋ / (Northern); ไผ่ซางดอย (phai sang doi) /'pʰàj 'saːŋ 'dɔːj /, doi = mountain (Northern); ไผ่ซางนวล (phai sang nuan) /'pʰàj 'saːŋ 'nuːan/, "nuan" = cream or light-colored, ivory-colored (referring to the farinose culms) (Northern); ไม้นวล (mai nuan) (Kanchanaburi); ไผ่ไล่ลอ (phai lai lo) (Nan); วะมี (wa-mi), วะมุ (wa-mu), ว่ามี (wa-mi), แวมี (wae-mi) (Karen: Mae Hong Son); วาโต้งเตียง (wa-tong-tiang) (Karen: Kanchanaburi); ไผ่ซางป่า (phai sang pa); ไผ่ซางหมอก (phai sang mok); ไผ่ซางราชินี (phai sang rachini); ไผ่ราชินี (phai rachini). — T. Smitinand, 2001 [#1003]; BKF [#1368].
Chinese names: 细叶龙竹 (xì yè lóng zhú), 黄竹 (huáng zhú).
English names: White Bamboo; Waya Bamboo; May Sang Bamboo.
Distribution: THAILAND: native, North, northern and western Central, and northern South, in evergreen forest and mixed deciduous forest, at 50–1,150 m altitude. — MYANMAR, native. — LAOS, native. — CHINA (South): native, southern Yunnan, abundant, in a pure bamboo forest or mixed with broad-leaved trees. — MALAYSIA (Peninsular). — VIETNAM. — INDONESIA: Sumatra, Java, introduced. — N. Bystriakova & al., Bamboo Biodiversity, 2003: map 26 [#1342].
Culm size: Height 15–18 (25) m, diameter 6–10 (12) cm.
Descriptions:
(1) "A moderate-sized, strong bamboo forming loose clump. Culms straight, 20-24 m high, 6-10 cm diameter covered with white powdery deciduous scurf when young, green on maturity; nodes strongly ringed, basal ones with rootlets; internodes 22-38 cm long; upper branches slender, leafy, drooping. Culm-sheaths 30-50 cm long and 12-20 cm broad, glabrous outside or with appressed dark-brown hairs, narrowed upwards; ligule ca. 5 mm high, dentate; auricles 2, wavy, fringed; blade 25-40 cm long and 2-3 cm broad, tapering. Leaves 12-25 cm long and 1.5-2.5 cm broad, hispid above, hairy on the midrib beneath, margins scabrous, apex acuminate, base attenuate into a short petiole; leaf-sheath striate; ligule very short, hairy; auricles falcate with long ciliae. …" — K. K. Seethalakshmi & al., Bamboos of India, 1998: p. 118 [#1062].
(2) "Culms 8–15 m, 7–10 cm in diam.; internodes 34–42 cm, initially thinly white powdery, becoming glossy; wall thick to thin. Branches from culm base, 3 to several, subequal, main mid-culm ones 3, central not dominant. Culm sheaths deciduous, initially orange-green, elliptical to oblong, usually longer than internodes, papery, margins ciliate; auricles small; oral setae short; ligule 8–10 mm, serrulate; blade reflexed, linear-lanceolate, 30–40 × 2–3 cm. Leaf sheaths initially sparsely hairy, becoming glabrous; ligule short, serrulate; blade lanceolate, 12.5–25 × 1.2–2 cm. … [flowers and seeds described]." — Flora of China [#1303].
(3) "… caespitose. Rhizomes short; pachymorph. Culms erect; 1000–1800 cm long; 60–100 mm diam.; woody. Culm-internodes terete. Lateral branches dendroid. Branch complement several. Culm-sheaths 7–15 cm long; coriaceous; hispid; with dark brown hairs; auriculate; with 10 mm high auricles; with 20 mm wide auricles; setose on shoulders; shoulders with 10–15 mm long hairs. Culm-sheath ligule ciliolate. Culm-sheath blade ovate; 2.5–3.5 cm long; acuminate. Leaf-sheaths hispid. Leaf-sheath oral hairs setose; 10 mm long. Leaf-sheath auricles falcate. Ligule a ciliolate membrane. Leaf-blade base asymmetrical; with a brief petiole-like connection to sheath; petiole 1–1.2 cm long. Leaf-blades lanceolate, or oblong, or ovate; 20–35 cm long; 40–60 mm wide. Leaf-blade venation with 24–36 secondary veins. Leaf-blade surface smooth; glabrous. Leaf-blade margins scaberulous. Leaf-blade apex acuminate. … [flowers and seeds described]." — Kew GrassBase [#1335].
(4) S. Duriyaprapan & P. C. M. Jansen in S. Dransfield & E. A. Widjaja (eds.), Plant Resources of South-East Asia No. 7, Bamboos, 1995: p. 90-92, fig. [#1226].
Images: Line drawing in Flora of China [#1303]; K. K. Seethalakshmi & al., Bamboos of India, 1998 [#1062]. Photos in AsianFlora (habit) [#1332]; K. K. Seethalakshmi & al., Bamboos of India, 1998 (culms) [#1062]; BambooWeb.info (culms) [#1340]; R. Pattanavibool in A. N. Rao & al. (eds.), 1998: fig. 7 (seeds) [#1211]. Post and photos of flowering of ไผ่ซางนวล (phai sang nuan), Dendrocalamus membranaceus, Thailand, by สวนไผ่นานาพันธุ์ สวน (suan phai nana phan suan) on Facebook, 6 Feb. 2014.
Uses: Shoots for food, culms for construction, plants for landscaping.
Flowering cycle: Unknown. Gregarious flowering and fruiting occur frequently. [#1226].
Seed viability: About 6 months under normal atmospheric conditions; about 18 months under storage at 1–6 °C.
Specimen: BS-0223 [-] (living plants), raised from seeds received from E. P., Germany, 21 May 2009; origin of seed is possibly China.
Characteristics: Same as in BS-0122.
Comments: All seedlings raised were distributed and are no longer in cultivation at Bambusetum Baan Sammi.
Dendrocalamus membranaceus (BS-0223): Branches (left), a section of a culm leaf and internode of a young culm (center), apex of a young shoot (right)
Specimen: BS-0273 [-] (living plants: seedlings), coll. from the wild in Samoeng District, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand, in 2009, by the staff of the Royal Agricultural Station Pangda, under the superintendence of Mr. Nakhon, received 12 Sep. 2009.
Characteristics: Same as in BS-0122.
Comments: Flowering plants and seedlings in the wild of the Samoeng District were seen on the sides of Samoeng – Hang Dong Road on 12 Sep. 2009, but flowers were not documented.
Specimen: BS-0276 [BBG] (living plants), on the riverbank of คลองลึก (klong luek), wild, Hang Dong District, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand, 300–400 m alt., coll. by C. S., #3000, 12 Sep. 2009.
Characteristics: Same as in BS-0122.
Specimen: BS-0699 [-] (living plants), raised from seeds, from a flowering cultivated plant, coll. by ธ. ล. at Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand, in Feb./Mar. 2012, received as "ไผ่ซางหม่น ฟ้าหม่น (phai sang mon fa mon)", seeds sown 21 Mar. 2012.
Characteristics: Same as in BS-0122.
Comments: The seeds received were few and did not look like seeds known as Phai Sang Mon, an unidentified species of Dendrocalamus similar to Dendrocalamus giganteus. Four-year-old seedlings match the characteristics of Dendrocalamus membranaceus, only the color of young shoots is somewhat different, a feature that might not be stable in future shoots.
Specimen: BS-0152 [-] (living plants), raised from seeds, the seeds collected by ธ. บ. in northern Thailand, without precise locality, as "ไผ่ซางป่า (phai sang pa)", early May 2014, received 11 May 2014.
Characteristics: Same as in BS-0122.
Seed weight: 10 g ≈ 400–440 dried spikelets (husk-wrapped seeds).
Seed germination: (1) Test 140512: 6 of 10 seeds germinated. — (2) pH tolerability test (Jul. – Sep. 2014): Seedlings grow well on a high alkaline growth medium.
Comments: Flowers were not documented.
Dendrocalamus membranaceus (BS-0152): Seeds wrapped in husks
Specimen: BS-0063 (flowering branch), the spikelets without seeds, from northern Thailand, without precise locality, collected by ธ. ล. as "Dendrocalamus membranaceus, ไผ่ซางดอย (phai sang doi)", received 15 Dec. 2011.
Flowering branch (BS-0063) of Dendrocalamus membranaceus from Thailand
Specimen: BS-0774 [-] (living plants), raised from seeds, the seeds collected in low quantity by M. S. in Pai District, Mae Hong Son Province, northern Thailand, as "Dendrocalamus membranaceus", in Apr. 2013, received 27 Apr. 2013.
Characteristics: Same as in BS-0122.
Seed weight: 0.6 g ≈ 35 dried spikelets (husk-wrapped seeds).
Seed germination: 8 seeds were laid on moistened tissue paper, on 28 Apr. 2013, with over 30 °C during the day, diffuse light, over 20 °C at night, atmospheric humidity >70%, primary roots emerged after 2 days, coleoptiles emerged after 5 days, all 8 seeds germinated.
Comments: Flowers known but not documented.
Dendrocalamus membranaceus from Pai (BS-0774): Flowering branch
Dendrocalamus membranaceus from Pai (BS-0774): Seeds
Dendrocalamus membranaceus from Pai (BS-0774): Seedlings
Specimen: BS-0122 [-] (living plant: seedling), coll. by ศ. ส. in ชาติตระการ (Chat Trakan District), Phitsanulok Province, central Thailand, 800–1,000 m alt., wild, received 10 Oct. 2013.
Dendrocalamus membranaceus (BS-0122): Internodes with node and branch bud, the apex of a young shoot, culm-leaf showing ligule, culm leaf (from left to right)
Characteristics: Rhizome pachymorph, short. Culms straight, erect, bending outwards. Young shoots emerge from April/Mai. Culm-internodes 23–27 cm long, mid-green, with short rough pale hairs when young, dull green and slightly scabrous when old, thick-walled on the basal culm, thin-walled on the mid-culm and upper culm (culm diameter 1.2 cm, wall thickness 1.0 mm). Culm-nodes not prominent, with a ring of short soft blackish hairs when young. Branch-bud tripartite, the central part longer. Branches initially 1–3 (central slightly dominant, 2 side branches subdominant), several smaller branches usually developing thereafter; branching intravaginal. Culm-leaves early deciduous. Culm-leaf sheath about ½ – ¾ of the internode length, papery, green, slightly farinose (on uppermost sheaths) thus appearing bluish-green, occasionally with reddish patches (usually on lower sheaths without farina), scattered with short appressed dark brown hairs, sheath light straw-colored when dry; margins ciliolate; apex narrow, horizontally truncate. Culm-leaf auricles none; oral setae none. Culm-leaf ligule 1–2 mm high, denticulate-cilate. Culm-leaf blade reflexed, green above, dark purplish beneath on the uppermost blades, caducous. Foliage-leaves 7–11 per branchlet. Foliage-leaf sheath pale hispidulous. Foliage-leaf auricles small or inconspicuous, rounded or sickle-shaped; oral setae few, pale, (3)5–10(12) mm long. Foliage-leaf ligule inconspicuous. Foliage-leaf blades 8–10 × 1.2–1.6 cm, sparsely pilose above when young, glabrous when old, puberulous beneath; margins antrorsely scaberulous; base rounded; apex acute; midrib not prominent; pseudopetiole short, ca. 1 mm long. Flowers and seeds are unknown.
Comments:
(1) The characteristics of the plant were described based on an immature plant (May 2016). Culm-leaf auricles and oral setae could not be found present in small young plants but might be present in large adult plants, whereas auricles and oral setae in fresh foliage-leaves are always present in young plants.
(2) The type of farinose deposit on culm-leaf sheaths in this plant, and maybe in the whole species, is not long-lasting. A single heavy rainfall, which usually occurs frequently during the shooting season, might completely wash away the deposit. Other farinose deposits on culm-internodes that are present in some other (Dendrocalamus) species are known to be long-lasting, almost persistent, and not washed away by rain.
Specimen: BS-0603 [-] (living plant), as ไผ่นวลราชินี (phai nuan rachini), Thailand, cult., 1 Dec. 2010.
Characteristics: Foliage-leaf blades glabrous on both surfaces. — Otherwise as in BS-0122.
Comments: Flowers and seeds unknown.
Specimen: BS-0603-1 [-] (living plant), as ไผ่นวลราชินี (phai nuan rachini), Thailand, cult., 21 Mar. 2011.
Characteristics: Same as in BS-0122.
Comments: Flowers and seeds unknown.
Specimen: BS-0070 [-] (living plant), China, the plant received from FMXG, Yunnan, as "Schizostachyum pseudolima 思劳竹 (sī láo zhú)", 24 June 2012.
Characteristics: Same as in BS-0122.
Comments: Flowers and seeds unknown.
Specimen: BS-0071 [SSG] (living plant), China, the plant received from FMXG, Yunnan, as "Drepanostachyum scandens 爬竹 (pá zhú)", 24 June 2012.
Characteristics: Same as in BS-0122.
Comments: Flowers and seeds unknown.
Specimen: BS-0095 [-] (living plant), China, the plant received from FMXG, Yunnan, as "Melocanna humilis, 小梨竹 (xiǎo lí zhú)", 25 Jan. 2013.
Characteristics: Same as in BS-0122, except culm-internodes are moderately thick-walled on mid-culm and upper culm.
Comments: (1) Flowers and seeds unknown. — (2) This acquired bamboo is certainly not a species of Melocanna. It turned out to be Dendrocalamus membranaceus (May 2016).
Specimen: BS-0733 [-] (living plant), China, the plant received from FMXG, Yunnan, as "Neomicrocalamus prainii 新小竹 (xīn xiǎo zhú)", 23 Jan. 2012.
Characteristics: Culm-internodes glabrous, farinose. Culm-leaf sheath margins ciliolate or eciliate. Foliage-leaf blades glabrous above, pubescent beneath. — Otherwise as in BS-0122.
Comments:
(1) Flowers and seeds unknown.
(2) Soon after this plant was received, it became evident that this is not a species of Neomicrocalamus. Surprisingly, the plant turned out to be Dendrocalamus membranaceus though the indument is somewhat different.
Specimen: BS-0757 [-] (living plants), raised from seeds, the seeds from FMXG, Yunnan, China, as "Dendrocalamus strictus, 牡竹 (mǔ zhú)", collected Feb. and Apr./May 2012, received 13 June 2012.
Seed weight: 10 g ≈ 250–270 dried spikelets (husk-wrapped seeds).
Seed germination: Seeds were laid on moistened tissue paper, in June 2012, 29–31 °C day, with diffuse light, 24 °C at night, atmospheric humidity >70%, the first coleoptiles emerged after 10 days, germination rate moderate (40–60%).
Comments: One-year-old seedlings (BS-0757) clearly show prominent bristly auricles on culm sheaths and leaf sheaths, characteristics that are not present in Dendrocalamus strictus. As the seedlings grew up, it became clear that they were Dendrocalamus membranaceus.
"Dendrocalamus strictus" (BS-0757): Seeds (left), germinating seed on moistened tissue paper (right)
"Dendrocalamus strictus" (BS-0757): Bristly auricles
Specimen: BS-0761 [-] (living plants), raised from seeds, the seeds from FMXG, Yunnan, China, as "Dendrocalamus membranaceus, 黄竹 (huang zhu)", collected 2010, not received, collected Feb. 2012, received 13 June 2012, collected Mar. 2013, not received.
Seed weight: 10 g ≈ 280–300 dried spikelets (husk-wrapped seeds).
Seed germination: Seeds (BS-0761) laid on moistened tissue paper, in June 2012, 29–31 °C day, diffuse light, 24 °C night, atmospheric humidity >70%, the first coleoptiles emerged after 5 days, germination rate rather high (60-90%).
Additional information: Bamboo seeds @YunnanBambooCo on Facebook, 20 Nov. 2019.
Dendrocalamus membranaceus (BS-0761): seeds (left), germinating seeds (right)
Specimens: BS-0665 [-] (living plants), raised from seeds, the seeds from FMXG, Yunnan, China, as "Dendrocalamus membranaceus 'Grandis', 细叶龙竹 (xi ye long zhu), 黄竹 (huang zhu)", collected Apr. 2011 (BS-0665), received 30 May 2011, collected Feb. 2012, not received, collected Mar. 2013 and Apr. 2014 (BS-0665-1), received Apr. 2013 and Oct. 2014, respectively.
Characteristics: Same as in BS-0122.
Seed weight: 10 g ≈ 290–360 dried spikelets (husk-wrapped seeds).
Seed germination: Seeds (BS-0665) placed in moistened coir dust at 100%, in June 2011, atmospheric humidity >70%, coleoptiles emerged after 6 days, germination rate moderate (40–60%).
Comments: (1) This bamboo is planted for both shoot and timber production. The shoots are not very delicious when fresh and are usually eaten as a fermented or canned product. It is one of the most drought-resistant tropical bamboo, with a minimum precipitation requirement of 700 mm per year. Poles are as hard as Moso [Phyllostachys edulis], used for construction, paper pulp, and charcoal production (according to FMXG Nursery, 14 Apr. 2014). — (2) According to FMXG, this cultivated variety is a selection that is somewhat frost-resistant (to -3 °C was recorded), adaptable to high temperatures, high humidity, drought, and degraded soil, and its culms are taller and more upright. It is not known if these characteristics will be retained in plants raised from seeds, as the period for seedling observation was insufficient. — (3) Flowers are known but not documented.
Dendrocalamus membranaceus 'Grandis': Culms and young shoots — by courtesy of Lihua Jiang, Yunnan Bamboo, China
Dendrocalamus membranaceus 'Grandis' (BS-0665): Seeds (left), young seedlings (right)
Specimen: BS-0639 [-] (living plants), raised from seeds, the seeds from FMXG, Yunnan, China, as "花秆黄竹 (huā gān huáng zhú), Dendrocalamus membranaceus f. striatus", collected 2010, and Apr. 2011, received 25 Apr. 2011.
Seed weight: 10 g ≈ 290–360 dried spikelets (husk-wrapped seeds).
Seed germination: Seeds (BS-0639) placed in moistened coir dust at 100%, in April 2011, atmospheric humidity >70%, coleoptiles emerged after 9 days, germination rate low (<40%).
Comments:
(1) Flowers known but not documented.
(2) This form, f. striatus, has culms with yellow stripes. It is not known if this feature will be retained in plants raised from seeds, and it is more likely that green culms will develop. So far, the seedlings at Bambusetum Baan Sammi have developed green culms, but the fresh culm-leaves have been reddish with occasional greenish-yellow streaks (29 June 2016).
Dendrocalamus membranaceus f. striatus (BS-0639): Seeds (left), young culm with culm-leaf (center), young shoot (right)
Dendrocalamus membranaceus f. striatus (BS-0639): Seedling
Specimen: BS-0664 [-] (living plants), raised from seeds, the seeds from FMXG, Yunnan, China, as "Dendrocalamus membranaceus f. flavoviridis, 实心细叶龙竹 (shi xin ye long zhu)", collected Apr. 2011, received 30 May 2011.
Seed weight: 10 g ≈ 200–300 dried spikelets (husk-wrapped seeds).
Seed germination: Seed placed in moistened coir dust at 100%, in June 2011, atmospheric humidity >70%, coleoptiles emerged after 6 days, germination rate low (<40%).
Comments:
(1) Flowers known but not documented.
(2) No description of f. flavoviridis is available. The cultivar name suggests that the plant has yellowish striped leaves or culms, and the Chinese name suggests that the stem is solid (which is uncommon for Dendrocalamus membranaceus) and the leaves are small (which is a general character of this species). As was expected, the assumed characteristics of this variety (striped leaves or culms) had not been retained in plants raised from these seeds. Neither the culms nor leaves of the seedlings had developed stripes; although the fresh culm-leaves were reddish with occasional greenish-yellow streaks. However, the other characteristics were the same as in BS-0122.
Dendrocalamus membranaceus 'Flavoviridis' (BS-0664): Seeds (left), seedling (right)
Specimen: BS-0349 [E3] (living plants), วัดสกิทาคา (วัดผาลาด) Wat Sakithaka (Wat Pha Lat), lower elevation of Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand, wild or planted, coll. D. O., 6 Dec. 2009.
Characteristics: Culm-internodes green with yellow stripes of various widths. Culm-leaf (sheath and blade) with stripes in green, yellow and orange when young, fading with age. Culm-leaf ligule over 2 mm high, irregularly cleft. Foliage-leaves 7–9 per branchlet. Foliage-leaf sheath hispidulous or puberulous. Foliage-leaf auricles inconspicuous or lacking, oral setae few, lacking or early caducous. Foliage-leaf ligule short, 1 mm, entire. Foliage-leaf blade long and narrow, (8)11–17 × 1.0–1.9 cm, glabrous above, velvety or almost glabrous beneath, margins antrorsely scabrous, base rounded, apex attenuate (not acute), midrib not prominent; pseudopetiole ca. 2 mm long. — Otherwise as in BS-0122.
Uses: Plants for landscaping.
Comments:
(1) Flowers and seeds unknown.
(2) The overall appearance of this bamboo is similar to that of Dendrocalamus membranaceus, though the leaf characteristics are slightly different.
(3) The internodes of all newly developed culms after planting the offset in December 2009 up to and including 2019 remained uniformly green and without stripes. Only the culms developed in 2020 showed a few internodes with narrow yellowish stripes.
Specimen: BS-0768 [-] (living plants), raised from seeds, the seeds collected by ธ. ล. from wild (naturalized?), flowering plants on mountains near Bandung, West Java, Indonesia in Sep. 2012; a small number of seeds (BS-0768) received from ธ. ล. as an unidentified "Dendrocalamus species", 10 Jan. 2013.
Dendrocalamus membranaceus (BS-0768): Young shoot, culm-leaf with blade and ligule, culm-leaf showing its farinose deposit, the apex of a young shoot (from left to right)
Characteristics: Culm-internodes ca. 34 cm long on mid-culm, shorter on lower culm, dark green, with short pale hairs when young, mid-green and glabrous when old. Culm-leaf sheath densely farinose thus appearing whitish turquoise blue, the basal sheaths less farinose and with large reddish patches, scattered on the upper half of the sheath with short appressed blackish hairs. Culm-leaf ligule irregularly cleft and fringed. Culm-leaf blade deflexed to slightly reflexed, uppermost blades dark purplish. Foliage-leaf auricles small. Foliage-leaf blades glabrous above, puberulous beneath. — Otherwise as in BS-0122.
Uses: Due to the fact that the farinose culm leaves are most attractive during the shooting period, this bamboo is potentially useful as a feature bamboo in (large) gardens and for landscaping. However, this type of farinose deposit is completely washed away after heavy rain.
Seed weight: 5 g ≈ 115–130 dried spikelets (husk-wrapped seeds).
Seed germination: Seeds (BS-0768) laid on moistened tissue paper, on 10 Jan. 2013, coleoptiles emerged after 18 days, the germination rate was rather low (26%) (4 Feb. 2013).
Comments: Flowers known but not documented.
Dendrocalamus membranaceus (BS-0768): Seeds
Dendrocalamus membranaceus (BS-0768): Seeds germinating, 18th day (left), 25th day (right)
Dendrocalamus membranaceus (BS-0768): Seedling, 31st day (left), 6 months old (right)
Dendrocalamus membranaceus 'Hai Aphai' (ให้อภัย)
Dendrocalamus membranaceus 'Hai Aphai' (BS-0223-1): Leafy branches (left), foliage-leaf blades (center), young shoot with culm-leaf (right)
Thai name: ไผ่ซางให้อภัย (phai sang hai aphai) /'pʰàj 'saːŋ 'hâj ʔà'pʰaj /. The cultivar name derives from the Romanization of the Thai name, ไผ่ให้อภัย (phai hai aphai) /ˈpʰàj ˈhâj ʔàˈpʰaj/; "hai aphai" translated means "to forgive".
Specimen: BS-0223-1 [S6] (living plant), raised from seed in May 2009: a single seedling with striped leaves raised from seeds (BS-0223) received from E. P., Germany, as "Dendrocalamus membranaceus", the origin of the seeds is possibly China.
Characteristics: Culm length up to ca. 5 m. Young shoots initially pinkish, emerge March/April/May – September. Culm-internodes light green with narrow yellowish stripes. Foliage-leaf blades white variegated. — Otherwise as in BS-0122.
Uses: Plants as garden ornamentals.
Seed weight: Not recorded.
Seed germination: Not recorded.
Comments:
(1) The somatic mutation has proven to be stable over more than 10 years.
(2) The plant is easy to grow, has twice survived a few days of flooding without harm, but grows very slowly.
Dendrocalamus membranaceus 'Hai Aphai' (ให้อภัย) (BS-0223-1): Leaf-blade (photo taken 2 Nov. 2016)
Dendrocalamus membranaceus 'Sang Si Chomphu' (ซางสีชมพู)
Thai name: ไผ่ซางสีชมพู (phai sang si chomphu).
Specimen: BS-0903 [-] (living plant), raised from seed by ต. น., Nan Prov., cult., received as "D. membranaceus Sang Srichompoo", 9 July 2016.
Characteristics: Culms and culm-leaves initially pinkish, or yellow striped.
Uses: Plants as garden ornamentals.
Comments: The pinkish color will last for about 3 years, provided the plant is exposed to full sun (acc. to ต. น.)
Dendrocalamus membranaceus 'Toop's Surprise'
Characteristics: Culms green. Foliage-leaf blades green with cream or yellowish stripes.
Uses: Plants as garden ornamentals.
Cultivation requirements: Can be exposed to full sun.
References: Nakasen Thoop, post and photos on Facebook, 20 Oct. 2014.
Dendrocalamus membranaceus 'Amphan' (อำพัน)
Thai name: ไผ่ซางอำพัน (phai sang amphan) /'pʰàj 'saːŋ ʔam'pʰan /, amphan = amber.
Specimen: BT0000-14 [BBG] (living plant), raised from seed in the 2010s.
Characteristics: Culms yellowish. Foliage-leaf blades with stripes in white or cream.
Uses: Plants as garden ornamentals.
Cultivation requirements: Can be exposed to full sun.
References: Thammarat Boonthammee, post and photos on Facebook, 30 Aug. 2020.
Dendrocalamus membranaceus 'Amphan' (BT0000-14): yellow culms and striped foliage-leaves — by courtesy of คุณธรรมรัตน์ บุญธรรมมี Thammarat Boonthammee, สวนไผ่บุญธรรมมี Boonthammee Bamboo Garden
Dendrocalamus membranaceus — infraspecific taxa
Dendrocalamus membranaceus f. bigemmatus Hsueh et K. L. Wang; bioinfo.cn; S. J. Pei & al., 1998; photo in Y. M. Yang & al., 1998: fig. 8 (shoot) [#1213] — CHINA: Yunnan.
Dendrocalamus membranaceus f. crinitus K. L. Wang; bioinfo.cn; S. J. Pei & al., 1998 — CHINA: Yunnan.
Dendrocalamus membranaceus f. fimbriligulatus Hsueh & D. Z. Li; D. Z. Li in J. Bamboo Res. 7 (4), 1988: 3 — CHINA: Yunnan, cultivated. — Culm leaf ligule fringed. — Occurs also in Thailand.
Dendrocalamus membranaceus f. pilosus Hsueh & D. Z. Li; D. Z. Li in J. Bamboo Res. 7 (4), 1988: 3 — CHINA: Yunnan. — Culms covered with brown hairs. — Occurs also in Thailand.
Dendrocalamus membranaceus f. radicatus K. L. Wang; bioinfo.cn; S. J. Pei & al., 1998 — CHINA: Yunnan.
Dendrocalamus membranaceus f. striatus Hsueh & D. Z. Li; D. Z. Li in J. Bamboo Res. 7 (4), 1988: 3 — CHINA: Yunnan, cultivated. — Culms green with yellow stripes. — Occurs also in Thailand.
Dendrocalamus membranaceus f. strigatus; S. J. Pei & al., 1998 — CHINA: Yunnan.
Dendrocalamus membranaceus var. sulcatus K. L. Wang; bioinfo.cn; S. J. Pei & al., 1998 — CHINA: Yunnan.
Comments: Descriptions or photos have not been accessible for all of the above-mentioned varieties from China.