Anechura harmandi (Burr, 1904) コブハサミムシ
Original description: Odontoplasis harmandi Burr, 1904.
Burr M (1904) Observation of the Dermaptera, including revisions of several Gerera, and descriptions of New Genera and Species. Transaction of the Entomological Society of London1904 (2): 277–322. (pp. 316–317)
Junior Synonym: Anechura lewisi (Burr, 1904)
Burr M (1904) Observation of the Dermaptera, including revisions of several Gerera, and descriptions of New Genera and Species. Transaction of the Entomological Society of London 1904 (2): 277–322. (p. 317)
Burr M (1904) Observation of the Dermatoptera, including revisions of several Gerera, and descriptions of New Genera and Species. Transaction of the Entomological Society of London 1904 (2): 277–322.
(p. 315–317)
ODONTOPSALIS, nov. gen.
Anechuræ et Apterygidæ vicinum genus. Corpus robustum; antennæ 12-segmentatæ, 1 magno, valido, apice incrassato, 2 minimo, 3 longo, 4, quam tertium vix brevius, ceteris elongatis; pronotum magnum, transverso-quadratum, capite haud angustius. Elytra alæque perfecte explicata. Pedis validi, segmento secundo tarsorum valde diatato. Abdomen robustum, plus minus depressum, apud ♂ apicem versus dilatatum, ♀ medio dilatatum, apice attenuatum; segmentis 2 and 3 tuberculis tuberculis lateralibus distinctis instructis; segmentum ultimum dorsale ♂ breve, latum, margine postico tuberculatum; apud ♀ declive, attenuatum; segmentum penultimum ventrale transversum, margine postico rotundato, segmentum ultimum obtegens, apud ♀ longius, rotundatum. Pygidium ♂ brevissime, haud productum, valde obtusum, apud ♀ breve, quadratum, apice truncatum, vel conicum. Forcipis bracchia ♂ valida basi remota, triquetra, sensim incurva, apicibus haud attingentibus, prope basin dente valido armata.
Ab Anechura differt : pedius brevius, robustis; antennarum segmento 4 longiori.
Ab Apterygida ,, : statura valde robstiori, abdomine dilatato.
A Chelidura ,, : elytris alisque perfecte explicatis.
A Forficula ,, : forcipis bracchiis ♂ nec dilatatis nec deplanatis.
Typus generis: Odontopsalis harmandi, Burr, sp. n.
This genus caused me some hasitation. The three males which I have described as O. harmandi have the appearance of a winged Chelidura; another form, which I have described under the name O. lewisi, scarcely differs from O. harmandi, but yet more nearly approaches the typical species of Apterygia. Of the latter species, I have long possessed one which I regarded as A. japonica, Borm.; latter, I acquired a male and two females, labelled by de Bormans himself, “A. japonica, Borm,” As a matter of fact, the forceps are entirely different from those of the true A. japonica; the latter species could be places in Apterygia with justification, but still it is impossible to separate it from O. harmandi, which certainly requires the erection of a new genus; the females of the two new species are almost identical.
TABLE OF SPECIES.
1. Forcipis bracchia ♂ dente valido obtuso deorsum ac introrsum spectanti, haud bifido, armata. (Abdomen subparallelum, vix dilatatum). 1. japonica, Borm.
1. 1. Forcipis bracchia ♂ dente valido apice bifido, sursum ac introrsum spectanti, armata.
2. Abdomen ♂ breve, depressum postice valide dilatatum; segmentum ultimum dorsale margine postico fortiter tuberculatum; pedes breviores. 2. harmandi, sp. n.
2. 2. Abdomen ♂ longius, minus deoressum ac dilatatum, apice paullo angustatum; dsegmentum ultimum dorsale ♂ margine postico laviter tuberculatum. Pedes longiores. 3. lewisi, sp. n.
Odontopsalis harmandi, sp. n.
Corpus robustum, depressum; colore fucso-castaneo; antennæ brunneæ; pronotum transversum, latius quam longius, quam caput æque latum, margine antico recto, lateribus parallelis, margine postico rotundato, angulis rotundatis, medio paullo elevatum, sulculo medio impresso, lateribus paullo reflexis. Elytra lata, lævia, apice truncata; alæ sordide flavæ, vel flavo-brunnæ, apice infuscatæ. Pedes breves, incrassati, castanei. Abdomen depressum, apud ♂ usque ad apicem sensim dilatatum, apud ♀ minus depressum, subdilatatum, apice attenuatum; segmentum ultimum dorsale breve, truncatum, læve, medio impresso, margine ipso postico medio reflexo, ita tuberculum obtusum triangulare formanti, supra insertionem forcipis utrinque tuberculo valido mango mammæformi instrictum; ♀ parvum, declive, haud vel vix tuberculatum. Pygidum ♂ haud prominens, brevissime, obtusissimum; ♀ breve, quadratum. Forcipis bracchia: ♂ robusta, basi triquetra, brevia, sensim incurva, margine superiori dente robusto valido sursum atque introrsum spectanti, apice bifido, acute bimucronato, amata, apicibus aud attingentibus. ♂ (? ♀).
♂
Long. corporis . . . . 9•25–9•75 mm.
Latit. minim. abdom . . . 2•5–3 ,,
,, max. ,, . . 3•75–4 ,,
Long. forcipis . . . . 2•5–2•75 ,,
Hab. Japan, Central. 3♂♂, 1♀ (J. Harmand, 1900. Mus. Paris).
This species has the appearence of a Chelidura or Gonolabis, quite different from Apterygida. The stout build, strong toothed forceps and general form lead me to separate it even from that heterogeneous group.
Odontopsalis lewisi, sp. n.
Nigra, vel fusco-castanea, alis flavescentibus, nigro-maculatis. O. harmandi vicina; ab eo differt, statura majore, minus depresso, colore fusciori, abdomine minimis instructo, forcipe graciliori, longiori, dentibus minus validis, pedibus longioribus, gracilioribus. ♂ ♀.
♂ ♀
Long. corporis . . . . 14 mm. 12•5–13•75 mm.
Latit. minim. abdom . . . 2•5 ,, –––
,, max. ,, . . 4 ,, –––
Long. forcipis . . . . 4 ,, 2•5–3 ,,
Hab. Japan, Yeso (1♂, 1♀, Bonnet, 1886, now in my collection); Hako, on trees, 12 v. ’81, 1 ♀ (G. Lewis, ex Coll. de Bormans, now in my collection); “Japon,” 1♂, 1♀ (my collection); “Japon Central,” 2♀♀ (J. Harmand, 1900; Mus. Paris). (Type in my collection.)
The three specimens in my possession which came from de Bormans’ collection were determined by that author as Apterygida japonica, Borm., but the forceps are totally fidderent from those of the true A. japonica, as described and figured by Bormans, and in the Paris collection there is a male which corresponds exactly with de Bormans’ description.
The females of the two new species are extremely alike; the ♂ and 3 ♀♀ in the Paris collection are very dark in colour, but the male and female in my collection, from the same locality, rather approach O. harmandi in colour – that is to say, are much paler. It is possible that these two species are not really distinct, but that it is a single species, in which the male is dimorphic.
Links リンク
河野勝行 (2012) コブハサミムシの仔虫はなぜ母親を食べるのか？ むしむしコラム・おーどーこん ––近くて不思議な虫の世界–– http://column.odokon.org/2012/1225_085100.php (2012年12月25日掲載)
Literature 文献
Burr M (1904) Observation of the Dermaptera, including revisions of several Gerera, and descriptions of New Genera and Species. Transaction of the Entomological Society of London 1904 (2): 277–322.
河野勝行 (1984) コブハサミムシの特異な生活－生活史戦略的視点から－．遺伝 38(10): 70-75.
Kohno K (1997) Possible influences of habitat characteristics on the evolution of semelparity and cannibalism in the hump earwig Anechura harmandi. Researches on Population Ecology 39 (1): 11-16. http://www.springerlink.com/content/81r6188458710420/
This research paper reported the life history of Anechura harmandi, and discussed the evolution of its matriphagy associated with its seasonal habitat characteristics. Please reffer the following textbook (pp. 62-63), also. http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674021631
この論文の概要はこちら。
Suzuki S, Kitamura M, Matsubayashi K (2005) Matriphagy in the hump earwig, Anechura harmandi (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), increases the survival rates of the offspring. Journal of Ethology 23 (2): 211-213. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10164-005-0145-7