Labs: Introduction to Bio 2/Botany
What makes a plant a plant?
These labs allow students to practice scientific methods. They will investigate the natural world and make observations. Variables will be controlled and manipulated. Data will be collected, analyzed and interpreted
Warm Ups, etc:
Lecture Notes: #content
Objectives and Vocabulary:
Labs: Botany
Notes - A History of Plants (Presentation)
1. Cells - Prokaryotic Bacteria (Archaebacteria and Eubacteria)
2. Photosynthesis - CYANOBACTERIA
3. Nucleus & Chloroplasts - Endosymbiosis leads to complex eukaryotes
a. Kingdom Protista (Brown/Red algae)
b. Kingdom Plantae (Green algae and plants) - specialized tissues
4. Cellulose Cell Wall - regulates water loss
- Antherocerotophyta (Hornworts) and Hepaticophyta (Liverworts) are simple, live in moist environments
5. Vascular Tissue - TRACHEOPHYTES - transport water and materials
- Bryophytes (mosses) with simple structures
6. Roots - specialized anchors that absorb water/nutrients
- Pterophytes (ferns and club mosses)
7. Seeds - specialized reproductive structures of reproductive cells which can self-sustain
- Gingkophyta and Gnetophyta - "fleshy fruit"
- Gymnosperms - "Naked seeds" - conifers
8. Flowers and Seeds with a protective coat - Angiosperms
- monocots and dicots
- other key differences in growth patterns, root/stem/leaf/flower anatomy
- Garden Planning
- Seed starting
- Flower Investigation
- Chlorophyll extraction
- Chromatography
- Microscopic investigation of plant samples
Activities, Assignments, Etc
Warning- Some of these links are to Wikipedia! It is not a "reliable source," but it is a good starting place (follow links to sources...)
1. Garden Planning- Small Group Activity
#content #community #collaboration #communication #criticalthinking #creativity
Materials Needed:
Handouts (in plan book)
- Students are provided with maps of my garden from the last four years. They work in small groups to create a list of the plants I have grown, Students are then given information about Family Solanaceae and must research which plants in the garden are within that Family.
- Further discussion includes their specific soil needs and the purpose of three year rotation. As a final assessment, the groups must present a map for next year that identifies the appropriate planting locations for plants in that group. Jobs (recorder, researcher, facilitator,...) can be rotated or assigned based on individual or group needs.
2. Seed starting
#content #community #collaboration #communication #criticalthinking #creativity
Materials Needed:
Cafeteria Breakfast Trays - they are perfect!
Seed Blocking tools (personal equipment)
16c. Sphagnum Moss
4 c. sifted Compost
1/4c. Rock Phosphate
1/4c. Greensand
6+ c. water
mix dry materials well, add water (it will be squishy) and form blocks on trays
- Students will plant and maintain seeds.Developing plants can be used for future lessons. Extensions are limitless as you can manipulate countless variables (water, light, heat, etc...)
3. Flower Investigation
#content #community #collaboration #communication #criticalthinking #creativity
Materials Needed:
Handout (in plan book)
Flowers from a garden, florist, students' yards
- Students examine and dismantle flowers. If you have "dead heads" with seeds, collect them and use them for SEED STARTING LAB.
4. Chlorophyll extraction
#content #community #collaboration #communication #criticalthinking #creativity
Materials Needed:
Leaves (the greater diversity, the better)
Oven
Centrifuge (if possible)
Water
Beakers
Hot Plates
Sharpies
Scissors
Gloves
Goggles
Foil
Paper towels
Pipettes
Mortar and Pestle
Test tubes and stoppers
Test tube racks
Solvents (Acetone, Methyl Ethyl Ketone, Denatured Alcohol, (Xylene- don't use, doesn't evaporate...)
Solvent disposal container
- Students extract chlorophyll from leaf samples. Working in pairs, they will follow protocol to extract chlorophyll from leaf samples to make a simple qualitative analysis of the pigments from the leaves of a specific species. *use the centrifuge to speed up this process, making this a 60 minute lab
NOTE- if you use alcohol-based solvents you can place the sample in a blacklight and it will glow red (the chlorophyll absorbs UV and emits within the visible spectrum)
#content #community #collaboration #communication #criticalthinking #creativity
6.Microscopic investigation of plant samples
#content #community #collaboration #communication #criticalthinking #creativity
Materials Needed:
Microscopes
Prepared plant slides
Living plants
Microscope slides and coverslips
Water, pipettes
- Students will make observations of plant cells and tissue, as well as living plant tissue, using light microscopes. Students will change magnifications and work cooperatively/share results.
Vocabulary activity - Botany Prefix/Suffix - students use root terms to determine the meaning of words associated with plants#content #communication #criticalthinking
Closure Assignment - Plant Review Bookwork - students use textbook to review Botany material #content