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How do cells change as they divide into identical copies and why does cell division impact many of the most important characteristics of life?
The common themes of DNA, cells, growth & development, and others are examined in this lesson. The students will diagram and explore the distinct and recognizable changes within cells as they divide their nucleus and separate into distinct daughter cells. They will also gain understanding on the importance of these processes. This includes the role of mitosis in growth, development, specialization, repair/regeneration, tumors/cancer and asexual reproduction.
#content #criticalthinking #community #collaboration #communication #creativity
Objectives and Vocabulary: #content
BIO.5 The student will investigate and understand common mechanisms of inheritance and protein synthesis. Key concepts include
a) cell growth and division;
c) cell specialization;
Vocabulary
Cell Cycle
Mitosis
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
Warm Ups, etc:
Mitosis Images - Use this presentation as review prior to having students sequence the stages of mitosis from real images, stressing that if they can recognize it in real photos they should have no problem doing it with simplified diagrams.
Mitosis Is Important - review stem cells, differentiation, repair/regeneration, tumors/cancer, and asexual reproduction
Lecture Notes: #content
Prologue: Interphase - cell in its "normal activities - G1, S and G2) - See Notes w/Diagrams for booklet
Chapter 1-Prophase
Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear
Centrioles migrate to poles of cell and build spindle
Chromatin thickens into Chromosomes
Chapter 2-Metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Chromosomes attach to spindle at centromere
Chapter 3-Anaphase
Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
Chapter 4-Telophase
Two new nuclei form at a distance from one another
Epilogue: Cytokinesis (and multinucleated cells) - cells divide (variation in plant/animal). Some cells do not divide and will be multinucleated
Importance of Mitosis: Notes - (can also be added as appendices to book...) Presentation
Discussion- Cancer - Establish that cancer is unregulated cell division, resulting in tumors that invade and spread through the body (metastasis) which disrupt homeostasis. Discuss causes of cancer (genes, radiation, injury, chemicals...), the mechanisms of cancer within the body, and diagnosis and treatments of cancer.
Activities, Assignments, Etc.
Mitosis Booklet: draw and describe the stages of the cell cycle, mitosis and cytokinesis
Diagram - Chromosome Structure - copy diagram from the book to establish the names of the portions of the chromosome
(chromatin, chromosome, centromere, sister chromatids, <telomere>)
Closure - Crash Course Mitosis, Microscope Movies
POP QUIZ (A) and (B) - formative assessment or Quick Check - Mitosis
GROUP REVIEW - use the plastic models of cells undergoing mitosis and the cells going through division/development to review the sequences and critical events that occur.
Microscope Extension Activity -
Onion Tip Lab- perform lab if the materials are on hand. Otherwise, set up microscopes with prepared slides of root tip and fish cell mitosis.
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