第一章: 生物學入門
基本學習目標
1. 生命擁有哪七項基本的特徴?
2. 以上的7項特徵分別的定義及重要性是甚麼?
3. 科學探究的基本步驟是甚麼?
Basic Learning Objectives
1. What are the seven basic characteristics of life?
2. What is the definition and importance of the above seven characteristics?
3. What are the basic steps of scientific investigation?
進階學習目標:
[有關生命特徵]
1. 植物及動物分別如何進行營養作用(獲取食物)的?
2. 刺激是甚麼?
3. 食物的定義。
4. 感應及運動的重要性是甚麼?
5. 體內平衡的定義。
6. 代謝廢物是甚麼?
7. 尿素及二氧化碳分別是來自甚麼代謝反應後的產物?
1. How do plants and animals carry out nutrition(i.e. getting food)?
2. What is the definition of stimulus?
3. What is the definition of food?
4. What is the importance of irritability and movement?
5. What is the definition of homeostasis?
6. What is the definition of metabolic waste?
7. From what types of metabolic reactions do urea and carbon dioxide come from?
[有關探究實驗]
1. 假說是甚麼?
2. 自變項是甚麼?
3. 依變項是甚麼?
4. 控制變項是甚麼?
1. What is a hypothesis?
2. What is indepedent variable?
3. What is dependent variable?
4. What is controlled variable?
[有關生物學]
1.. 修讀生物學有甚麼好處?
2. 試列出日常生活中有甚麼議題或問題是跟生物學有關的?(列出其中10項)
1. What are the benefits of studying biology?
2. Try to list what issues or problems in daily life are related to biology? (List 10 of them)
第二章: 細胞
基本學習目標:
1. 細胞學說的內容是甚麼?
2. 認識細胞的構造、特徵及相關功能，包括細胞壁、細胞膜、細胞質、細胞核、粗糙內質網、光滑內質網、核糖體、線粒體、葉綠體及液泡。
3. 認識動物與植物細胞構造上的差異。
4. 認識生物的組織層次，包括細胞、組織、器官、系統及生物體。
5. 認識光學顯微鏡的各組件的名稱及作用，尤其是負責調焦、總放大率及控制光量的組件。
6. 認識電子顯微鏡與光學顯微鏡的差異，包括可觀察樣本的狀況、顏色、放大率等。
Basic Learning Objectives:
1. What is the content of cell theory?
2.Recognize the structure, characteristics and related functions of cells, including cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, mitochondrion, chloroplast and vacuole.
3. Recognize the differences in the structure of animal and plant cells.
4. Recognize the organizational level of organisms, including cells, tissues, organs, systems and organisms.
5. Recognize the names and functions of various components of an optical microscope, especially the components responsible for focusing, total magnification and controlling the amount of light.
6. Recognize the difference between electron microscope and light microscope, including the condition, color, magnification, etc. of the observed sample.
有關顯微鏡的使用
1. 比較掃描電子顯微鏡與穿透電子顯微鏡。
1. Compare scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope.
[有關細胞]
1. 比較動物細胞與植物細胞。
2. 線粒體的形狀是如何的?
3. 葉綠體的形狀是如何的?
4. 人體中有甚麼細胞沒有細胞核?
5. 人體中有甚麼細胞沒有線粒體?
6. 哪些植物細胞組織的細胞含有葉綠體?
7. 比較選透性跟全透性膜。
8. 細胞膜上的蛋白質有甚麼功能?
9. 人體中哪些細胞含有較多粗糙內質膜?
10. 人體中哪些細胞含有較多線粒體?
11. 哪些細胞器具雙層膜?
12. 試列出數種人體的器官名稱。
13. 皮膚屬於甚麼組織層次? 為甚麼?
14. 試列出數種有花植物的器官的名稱。
1. Compare animal cells with plant cells.
2. What is the features of an mitochondrion?
3. What is the features of a chloroplast?
4. What cells in the human body do not have a nucleus?
5. What cells in the human body do not have mitochondria?
6. Which plant tissue cells contain chloroplasts?
7. Compare differentially and fully permeable membranes.
8. What are the functions of the proteins on the cell membrane?
9. Which cells in the human body have more rough endoplasmic membranes?
10. Which cells in the human body contain more mitochondria?
11. Which cell organelles have double membranes?
12. Try to name several human organs in our body.
13. What tissue level does the skin belong to? Why?
14. Try to name several organs of a flowering plants.