1. What are the functions of water to organisms?
(1) reactant
(2) as a medium for chemical reaction
(3) as a medium of transport
(4) as a cooling agent
(5) provides support
2. What does cell theory state?
(1) all organisms are made up of one or more cells.
(2) the cell is the basic unit of life.
(3) all cells come from pre-existing cells.
3. What is meant that cell is the basic unit of life?
Cell is the smallest unit that allows all the characteristics of life.
4. What is the function of microscope?
To observe tiny things, for example cells
5. There are 2 types microscope. What are they?
(1) light microscope
(2) electron microscope
6. What is the maximum magnification power of light microscope?
Around 1600x (1600 times)
7. What are the difference between the light microscope and electron microscope?
Electron microscopes can produce images with higher magnifications and resolution
8. There are 2 types of electron microscope. What are they?
(1) transmission electron microscope
(2) scanning electron microscope
9. What are the differences of the images produced by transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope?
Images of transmission electron microscope
Two-dimensional , higher magnification(up to 1,500,000 times)
Scanning electron microscope
Three-dimensional
10. list all the parts of a light microscope.
Eyepiece, nosepiece, coarse adjustment knob, fine adjustment knob, arm, clips, body tube, objectives, stage, condenser, diaphragm, base, mirror(or lamp)
11. How to calculate the total magnification power of a light microscope?
The magnification power of eyepiece x the magnification power of objective
e.g. magnification power of eyepiece = 10x
magnification power of objective = 40x
Total magnification power = 10 x 40 = 400 x
12. Which parts are responsible for the focusing of the object?
Coarse adjustment knob and fine adjustment knob
13. Which parts are responsible for the magnification of the object?
Eyepiece, objective
14. Suitable light source is important for getting clear image. Which parts are responsible for providing suitable light source?
Mirror(or lamp)
Condenser(usually used in high power)
Diaphragm
15. How to calculate the magnification?
Size of the image/size of the object
16. list all the structures of a typical animal cell.
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion, vacuole, ribosome
17. Which structures of a animal cell can be observed under light microscope?
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
18. What are the features of cell membrane and its functions?
Features:
Thin, flexible, differentially permeable
Functions
(1) enclose the cell and separates the cell contents from the outside environment
(2) controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
19. What is meant by “differentially permeable”?
Only allows certain substances to pass through
20. What are the features of cytoplasm and its functions?
Features:
Jelly-like fluid
Functions:
(1) holds many organelles
(2) site for many chemical reactions
(3) allows the movement and transport of materials inside the cell
21. What are the main components of cytoplasm?
The largest component is water
The second is protein
22. What are the features of nucleus and its functions?
Features:
Spherical structure bounded by double membrane called nuclear membrane,
Contain DNA, which carries genetic information.
Functions:
Control all the activities of the cell
23. What is the feature of nuclear membrane and its function?
Feature:
Double membrane,
There are pores on the nuclear membrane
Function
Allow certain substances to pass through
24. What are the features of mitochondrion and its functions?
Features:
Rod-shaped structures bounded by double membrane.
The inner membrane is folded into finger-like projections.
Functions
Main site for aerobic respiration (energy releasing process)
25. What are the features of endoplasmic reticulum?
Feature
- Network of interconnected membrane-bounded sacs
- Continuous with the outer nuclear nuclear membrane and extends throughout th cytoplasm.
Function
- Transport of protein or lipids
26. What are the features of rough endoplasmic reticulum and its function?
Features:
- Contain ribosomes on the surface of the membrane
Functions
- Involved in the synthesis of proteins
27. What are the features of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and its function?
Features:
- Do not contain ribosomes on the surface of the membrane
Functions
- Involved in the synthesis of lipids.
28. What are the features of vacuole and its functions?
Features
- Fluid-filled sacs bounded by single membrane.
function
- Contain water and dissolved substances such as food and enzymes.
29. What are the differences between an animal cell and a plant cell?
A plant cells usually contain
(1) cell wall
(2) chloroplast
(3) large vacuole
But an animal cell do not have the above structures.
30. What is the features of cell wall and its functions.
Features
- Thick, rigid layer covering the cell membrane
- Mainly made up of cellulose
- Fully permeable
Functions
(1) protects the cell
(2) support and give shape to the cells
31. What is meant by “ fully permeable”
- allows water and all dissolved substances to pass through
32. What are the features of large central vacuole?
Features
- Usually located in the centre of the cell
- Filled with cell sap
Function
- To support the plant cell once the vacuole is full of water
- Contains water and dissolved substances
33. What are features and functions of chloroplasts?
Features
- Bounded by double membrane
- Contain a green pigment, chlorophyll
Function
- Absorb light energy for photothesis
34. List the levels of body organization from simple to complex
Cellàtissueàorganàsystemàorganism