Federal Laws are applicable and enforced on a national level. In Canada, a Federal Legislation means it is applicable across Canada and enforced regardless of the province in which you live. Two powers involved with food safety at the Federal level are Health Canada and the CFIA (Canadian Food Inspection Agency).

Health Canada sets policies and standards that govern the safety and nutritional quality of all food sold in Canada, while the CFIA enforces these standards, by ensuring industry compliance with federal acts and regulations. CFIA is responsible for inspecting abattoirs and food processing plants, testing products, and issuing food recalls.