Ngày đăng: Jan 18, 2021 2:16:58 PM
Saving the Oceans
Firstly, humans are impacting ocean life by what they take out of the oceans. Over-fishing is one of the largest threats to marine life. To meet the increasing demand for fish, commercial fishermen apply dynamite fishing methods instead of traditional ones to catch as many fish as possible, from small to big ones. It is estimated that 90% of big fish are now gone from the oceans and about 30% of all fished species have been fished to extinction.
The consequences of ocean pollution are too far-reaching, so what can be done to reduce the pollution? In response to those problems, some solutions have been suggested. To control over-fishing, countries can set limits on the number of fish that fishermen can legally catch. Governments can also create sea areas where fishing is completely banned until the fish population increases. To protect the oceans from pollution, governments can keep strict controls on ocean dumping and require higher safety standards for oil tankers. The most effective solution to those two problems is to make people aware of the significance of the oceans.
Over two thirds of the earth’s surface is occupied by the oceans which supply human beings with food, oxygen and other benefits. Despite their importance, they are getting polluted by human activities that may not be reversible unless urgent measures are taken.
Secondly, humans are impacting ocean life by what they put into the oceans. Cans, bottles, plastic cups and other kinds of household waste are carelessly discarded into the oceans. Toxic chemicals and industrial waste without proper regulations are also pumped directly into the sea, either accidentally or thoughtlessly. In addition, oil spills contribute to the already polluted oceans. When fish feed on the waste, they are sickened or killed by the poisons and humans who eat the poisoned fish will be sickened, too.
It’s not too late to save our oceans, but we must start at once.
Exercise 1
Using the information in the text to tick the correct reasons and solutions for the following facts. There can be more than one reason and solution for each fact.
1.
Fact 1: People impact ocean life by what they take out of the oceans.
Reasons:
overfishing
increasing demand for fish
oil spills
2.
Fact 1: People impact ocean life by what they take out of the oceans.
Solutions:
Set limits on the number of fish that can be legally caught
Tidy oil spills
Make people aware of the significance of the oceans
Create sea areas where fishing is completely banned until the fish population increases.
3.
Fact 2: People impact ocean life by what they put into the oceans.
Reasons:
Household waste
Toxic chemicals
Industrial waste
Tourism waste
4.
Fact 2: People impact ocean life by what they put into the oceans.
Solutions:
Keep strict controls on ocean dumping
Require higher safety standards for oil tankers
Spend more money cleaning the oceans
Make people aware of the significance of the oceans.
Exercise 2
Decide whether the following statements are True, False or Not Given.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Oceans take up the majority area of the earth’s surface.
True
False
Not Given
Conventional fishing methods are being applied rather than dynamite fishing to catch lots of fish.
True
False
Not Given
Big fish constitute of 30% of the total extinct fished species.
True
False
Not Given
Humans themselves may be intoxicated when they consume fish eating the poisonous waste.
True
False
Not Given
People can never fish in banned sea areas set by governments.
True
False
Not Given
10.
Raising humans' awareness of the importance of the oceans is no longer suitable as a solution.
True
False
Not Given
Exercise 3
Find NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the reading text having the following explanations.
11.
...........................: those who fish massively for the fish trade
12.
13.
14.
15.
............................: new, harmful ways of fishing
................................... suitable restrictions to a certain activity
...............................: a situation in which something no longer exists
............................... poisonous
keys:
Exercise 1
Using the information in the text to tick the correct reasons and solutions for the following facts. There can be more than one reason and solution for each fact.
1.
Fact 1: People impact ocean life by what they take out of the oceans.
Reasons:
overfishing
increasing demand for fish
oil spills
Với thực tế này, ta nhìn vào đoạn hai để lấy thông tin. Thông tin có trong câu thứ hai và câu thứ ba đoạn hai: “Over-fishing is one of the largest threats to marine life. To meet the increasing demand for fish, commercial fishermen apply dynamite fishing methods instead of traditional ones to catch as many fish as possible, from small to big ones.”
2.
Fact 1: People impact ocean life by what they take out of the oceans.
Solutions:
Set limits on the number of fish that can be legally caught
Tidy oil spills
Make people aware of the significance of the oceans
Create sea areas where fishing is completely banned until the fish population increases.
Người viết nói đến các biện pháp ở đoạn thứ tư của bài đọc. Với thực tế trên, ta lấy thông tin về các biện pháp giải quyết ở câu ba và câu bốn đoạn thứ tư: “To control over-fishing, countries can set limits on the number of fish that fishermen can legally catch. Governments can also create sea areas where fishing is completely banned until the fish population increases.” Ngoài ra, còn một biện pháp nữa nằm ở câu cuối cùng đoạn này: “The most effective solution to those two problems is to make people aware of the significance of the oceans.” Đây là cách giải quyết cho cả hai thực trạng về biển.
3.
Fact 2: People impact ocean life by what they put into the oceans.
Reasons:
Household waste
Toxic chemicals
Industrial waste
Tourism waste
Phần nguyên nhân cho thực trạng này nằm ở đoạn thứ ba của bài đọc. Ta lấy thông tin từ câu hai và câu ba đoạn thứ ba: “Cans, bottles, plastic cups and other kinds of household waste are carelessly discarded into the oceans. Toxic chemicals and industrial waste without proper regulations are also pumped directly into the sea, either accidentally or thoughtlessly.”
4.
Fact 2: People impact ocean life by what they put into the oceans.
Solutions:
Keep strict controls on ocean dumping
Require higher safety standards for oil tankers
Spend more money cleaning the oceans
Make people aware of the significance of the oceans.
Exercise 2
Decide whether the following statements are True, False or Not Given.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Oceans take up the majority area of the earth’s surface.
True
False
Not Given
Ngay ở câu đầu tiên của bài đọc, tác giả đã viết: “Over two thirds of the earth’s surface is occupied by the oceans…” “Hơn hai phần ba” có thể coi là “phần lớn”. Vậy, đáp án câu này là True.
Conventional fishing methods are being applied rather than dynamite fishing to catch lots of fish.
True
False
Not Given
Câu này sai vì ta có thông tin ở câu ba đoạn thứ hai của bài đọc như sau: “To meet the increasing demand for fish, commercial fishermen apply dynamite fishing methods instead of traditional ones to catch as many fish as possible…” Như vậy, để đánh bắt được nhiều cá, các ngư dân đã dùng các phương pháp đánh bắt bằng mìn thay cho những cách truyền thống. Đáp án câu này là False.
Big fish constitute of 30% of the total extinct fished species.
True
False
Not Given
Có thông tin ở câu cuối cùng đoạn thứ hai như sau: “It is estimated that 90% of big fish are now gone from the oceans and about 30% of all fished species have been fished to extinction.” (Ước tính có đến 90% lượng cá lớn hiện nay đã biến mất khỏi các đại dương và khoảng 30% trong số những loài được khai thác đang bị khai thác đến mức tuyệt chủng.) Hai câu này hoàn toàn không nói đến tỷ lệ cá to trong tổng số các loài bị đánh bắt đến mức tuyệt chủng. Đáp án câu này là Not Given.
Humans themselves may be intoxicated when they consume fish eating the poisonous waste.
True
False
Not Given
Ta dựa vào câu cuối cùng của đoạn thứ ba: “… humans who eat the poisoned fish will be sickened, too.” Vậy, đáp án câu này là True. Con người khi ăn những con cá bị nhiễm độc cũng sẽ bị nhiễm độc theo.
People can never fish in banned sea areas set by governments.
True
False
Not Given
Dựa vào câu thứ tư đoạn thứ tư: “Governments can also create sea areas where fishing is completely banned until the fish population increases.” Như vậy, lệnh cấm không được đánh cá trong vùng cấm chỉ có hiệu lực đến khi số lượng cá tăng lên. Đáp án câu này là False.
10.
Raising humans' awareness of the importance of the oceans is no longer suitable as a solution.
True
False
Not Given
Ta lấy thông tin từ câu cuối cùng đoạn thứ tư: “The most effective solution to those two problems is to make people aware of the significance of the oceans.” Như vậy, nhận định cho rằng việc nâng cao ý thức của con người về tầm quan trọng của biển không phải là giải pháp phù hợp là sai. Đáp án câu này là False.
Exercise 3
Find NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the reading text having the following explanations.
11.
commercial fishermen: those who fish massively for the fish trade
12.
13.
14.
15.
dynamite fishing methods: new, harmful ways of fishing
proper regulations: suitable restrictions to a certain activity
extinction: a situation in which something no longer exists
toxic: poisonous