In conclusion, the article touches base on place identity. Where the land is, who the land is and what the land means. The author, B Toastie, explains all the beautiful meanings as well as expressing all the bad that comes with different land sites. B. Toastie adding, "Place names and the story behind them define how we perceive and connect to landscape" Through this article he tells us how important place names are when coming across a sacred land site. And how those land sites are more than just something to look at, they come with memories from thousands of years ago and ancestral teachings that include various stories from ancient times. 

Toastie, B. “How place names impact the way we see landscape.” High Country News: Know the West, 1 May 2022 , 

https://www.hcn.org/issues/54.5/people-places-how-place-names-impact-the-way-we-see-landscape 

In Dr. Wallace Mandell's article "Origin of Mental Health" it was said that the  first concerns around Mental Health arose after the Civil War. Its first given definition was “the art of preserving the mind against all incidents and influences calculated to deteriorate its qualities, impair its energies, or derange its movements.”  A psychiatrist by the name of Isaac Ray, founder of the American Psychiatric Association, stated that mental hygiene stressed the integration of a person in ways that affected the body, mind, and environment. Later down the road in 1890 a study done by researchers on mental hospital patients was conducted. In this study it revealed the patient’s life history, traumas, and any factors regarding family and community. It wasn’t until 2 years later that the researchers came to a conclusion that this was the leading cause of mental illnesses. 

Mental Health was a huge problem in earlier times. Poverty, wars, discrimination, poor physical health, and traumas were all factors to what caused mental health problems. A quote that I strongly believe is the reason for these issues regarding mental health is “a mixture of humanitarian, fiscal and medical factors.”  This doesn’t only just categorize one subject but comes with a wide variety of things that may disrupt and decrease your mental hygiene. In the article it points out key ideas and studies done on mental hospital patients, including beliefs on the mental and an even earlier belief made by a psychiatrist suggested that deviant behavior was also a factor. 

Mandell, Dr. “Origins of Mental Health.” Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 1955,

https://publichealth.jhu.edu/departments/mental-health/about/origins-of-mental-health. 

“Men had a constant voice in the back of their head saying, “Run for your life!” This quote introduces the history of fitness which began with running. In the article, written by Erin Lee Corre, it was said that physical exercise began way before humans were able to consider it a “work out.” Physical fitness was greatly influenced and valued by humans roaming around centuries ago. It was vital to surviving in the living conditions that these people were in and the environment that surrounded them. The earliest of men had to be able to perform basic physical movements such as walking/running, crawling, lifting, and balancing. These skills were not built upon a focused exercise but rather through regular daily activities that involve staying active. 

The article focuses on fitness and how it took humans a long way in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Long ago humans were in even greater shape than today. This article is related to my research because I believe that in modern day we are so stuck on our phones that more and more cases of obesity are rising. Gyms, weights and workouts are what allow us to stay in shape but man did these on a daily basis without knowing the benefits that follow. This marked the beginning of the evolution of Physical Fitness. In an era where humans depended on farming, hunting and constant relocation, their physical bodies built a strong stamina that allowed these difficult tasks to be completed.

Contributor, Guest. “The History of Physical Fitness.” The Art of Manliness, 1 June 2021, https://www.artofmanliness.com/health-fitness/fitness/the-history-of-physical-fitness/. 

The issue with mental health, currently, is the shortage of counselors and psychologists that are needed to help treat the mental state of children. There are quite a few possible solutions such as acts and programs that are providing school districts grants to create mental health programs, some of those include: The American Rescue Plan Act, the Ruler program, the School Psychology program, The Student Mental Health Helpline Act, and the Mental Health Primer’s program. The primary goal for these acts and programs are to provide services to the students and training programs to correctly train teachers, peers, and the staff how to deal with those that are showing signs of mental distress. The grants are included as well to help the school districts provide the best possible approach when creating a stabilized mental health program with trained psychologists that specialize in children’s mental and emotional well-being. “1 in 5 children have a mental disorder but only 20% of those children received help from a mental health provider.” a study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said in a data report. A huge factor that plays a role in the increase of mental health issues arising is the pandemic. Multiple parents have complained stating that “it is the worst thing to happen to my child” and the other portion saying “the pandemic has taken a toll on my child’s mental health.” Not only is the pandemic directly affecting children it has also exacerbated preexisting mental health programs. Other solutions that were brought out and being put into effect immediately are, bringing mental health into the classrooms, training teachers to address trauma, and ensuring long-term resilience. To sum up everything that was stated, the current issue with mental health is getting children proper resources to strive in developing and/or bettering their mental state. There are a variety of acts in the process of being passed and grants being pushed out to help those (school districts, mental hospitals, and communities) in need of providing children with better mental health services.

Abramson, Ashley. “Children's Mental Health Is in Crisis.” Monitor on Psychology, American Psychological Association. 1 Jan, 2022. Web. Accessed on 18 November, 2022.

https://www.apa.org/monitor/2022/01/special-childrens-mental-health#:~:text=While%20some%20 children%20 benefited%20from,from%20a%20 mental%20health%20 provider.

A recent study done by the American Heart Association has shown that since the pandemic children are turning to their mobile devices for entertainment. Health, on a physical level, is  measured through the body’s ability to carry oxygen to the muscles during physical activity which is called CRF or cardiorespiratory fitness, this is how researchers are able to determine how strong the heart, the lungs and blood circulation are in children. “Children with CRF are more likely to live longer and be healthier as adults. Children with low or unhealthy CRF are at higher risk for developing premature heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and high blood pressure at younger ages, and they are at an increased risk of premature death from heart disease and stroke as adults.” the American Heart Association said in a new scientific statement. Being active not only positively affects your health it also improves academic performance, thinking becomes more clearer, the overall mental hygiene is improved as well as a gaining of a higher sense of self-worth and life satisfaction. CRF tests are also being implemented in physical education classes in school districts. In the test, students run in a span of about 20 meters with a beeping  sound as a go indicator and the speed increases as the test continues, students are then scored based on how many laps were run. Some even implement upper body and abdominal strength tests, measure body mass index or BMI, and/or flexibility. The CRF tests, with parent consent, are then shared with the school’s health provider and if needed counseling services and interventions are provided to the student. As a result the American Heart Association is in the process of getting all children tested. “In the meantime, requiring physical activity for every grade level through high school would be a step in the right direction,” said Geetha Raghuveer, a cardiologist at Children’s Mercy Hospital and professor of pediatrics at the University of both Missouri and Kansas City.

American Heart Association. "Nearly 60% of American children lack healthy cardiorespiratory fitness." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 20 July 2020. Web. Accessed on 18 Nov, 2022.

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/07/200720093247.htm

“Chinese students to have 2 hrs of daily physical activity” written by Xinhua is an article on what Beijing, China has chosen for its youth regarding fitness in their everyday lives. The Ministry of Education or MOE, ensures that students engage in one hour of physical activity both during and after school. By doing so they have incorporated a physical education class that focuses on teaching students about health, basic exercise and sports skills and also enables students to play one or two types of sports. In a circular, the MOE stated that “Physical education (PE) classes and campus exercise activities should not be squeezed out in favor of other programs” So they encourage students to participate in youth sport clubs where they can make use of their extracurricular time to practice other sports. 

Xinhua. “Chinese Students to Have 2 Hrs of Daily Physical Activity.” Chinadaily.com.cn, Chinadaily, 4 Apr. 2025. Web. Date Accessed on 15 Feb. 2023

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202104/25/WS60852992a31024ad0baba33e.html.