This was a big insight into DED Dutch elm disease. This is a tree disease that was first found in early 1928 in the Netherlands. This was the most interesting because the first people to research this was a group of women scientists. Then it was passed around European countries After that America finally took this on in 1936. They started the breeding of elm trees to get them resistant to DED. In a lab in the Netherlands call Willie Commelin Schoten Phytopathologicam Labortorium in Baarn. They kept the fungus-killing breed isolated. Over time different researchers made a new breed of elm. The a was stronger than before and called the Ophiostoma noro-ulmi. After that discovery, the researcher realized that second -generation seedlings were the most resistant breed. 

Jack Weatherford. ¨How Indians Enriched Americas¨. Native Roots.  Random House Publishing Group. 1992. Print. Accessed September 2022

The next history portion I found of my topic comes from a PDF called Wildfire impacts on Species of Concern Plants in the Gila National Forest. The research first pointed out that the fires targeted about 6 species known to occur. Then with the exception of the burnt habitat in the 2006 Bear fire. The habitat document was saying that the fires were the main cause of the destroyed forest because of fire severity.  The long-term impacts of the fires in 2006-15 caused the disappearance of many species of plants from their known current environment.  Causing the density and invasive species to take over what was once occupied by native species. A reported over 1,000 species disappeared in NM in 1990.  Continuing this decline to 2016.

Roth, Daniela. Wildfire Impacts on Species of Concern Plants in the Gila National Forest, New Mexico. Blackrange.org.  NM Energy, minerals, & Natural Resources Departments Forestry Division Santa Fe, NM. URL. PDF file. Accessed October 2022

The people in this study monitored the pollen in the air. In South Africa, Australia, and Japan. They also In North America, obviously the urbanized areas were growing in a number of imported non-native trees. They noticed that pollution increased. They found out that anemophilous species, release a huge amount of pollen on the local populations. Pollen In large cities are increased by gas emissions. The eminence laziness has produced poor kept-up an urban plant to released a bad amount of pollen. The male population in urban planting has been the root of allergies.

 Cariñanos Paloma, Manuel Casares-Porcel, “Urban green zones and related pollen allergy: A review. Some guidelines for designing spaces with low allergy impact”, Landscape and Urban Planning, vol. 101, April 2021, pp 205-214, [PDF] psu.edu, PDF file.

My Global connection is coming from Poland called the crooked forest. This is kind of a wonder in the world and how exactly the forest came to be. The wonder of it all is that this forest lives up to its name at the truck of 400 pines in the shape of a wave. Really, really silly looking. The forest is called “Krzywy Las” in Polish located in Nowe Czarnowo Poland. There are many theories on how this piece of other forest came to be. One mentions how they grew in the snow during their infant stages. Another mention is sometime during 1925 a person was trying to make furniture and altered the growth of the trees but then abandoned it in the time of World War II. The most aloof one is that there's an off gravitational pull in the small certain piece of the forest that caused this altered phenomenon.  That even though this is a small version of how beautiful the world's forests are.

I think that this article is really entertaining to the fact that people or that we don't really know how this happened. That even though this is a small part of why I am in love with trees and why I want people to understand them. It's just really interesting.

 Bios Urn, “Crooked Forest – because we bend but we don’t break”, https://urnabios.com/amazing-forests-around-world/  2023 Bios Urn Environment S.

Continuing on forest let's connect this forest to the loss of forest in the Orangutan forest in Indonesia. They say that this forest decline impacts the world. The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is committed to preserving properties for the benefit of wildlife populations. Together with its conservation partner Yayasan Konservasi Alam Nusantara, they are pursuing a comprehensive approach to orangutan conservation in Indonesia (YKAN). The orangutan, which depends on the bounty of these thick rainforests for survival, is one of the many animals and plants that call the tropical rainforests of Indonesian Borneo home. Yet, because of deforestation and the loss of lush lands are causing the rainforests to disappear at a fast rate. Orangutans are taking cover by going to new areas, which lack proper protection.

This caused the status of Bornean orangutans changed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) from "endangered" to "critically endangered." Their populations have decreased by 50% since 1960, and scientists predict this will continue to get worse. TNC is collaborating with forestry and palm oil companies to explore and apply land management techniques that have less of an impact on forest habitat and emit less carbon while retaining profit in an effort to slow the decrease. In order to maintain their village woods and create livelihoods that are beneficial to the forest, they are also giving local communities the tools they need to cooperate with the government. The program thinks the best way to approach this is to do that.

The Nature Conservancy, “Indonesia's Iconic Orangutans” 2023, The nature Conservancy, https://www.nature.org/en-us/about-us/where-we-work/asia-pacific/indonesia/stories-in-indonesia/indonesia-orangutans/