“Other times in history when the U.S. separated families” written by Russell Contreras, talks about times when the US took a part in manually splitting up families. The US split up families using immigration, poverty, slavery, boarding schools, and internment camps. Children were taken from their families, returned unrecognizable. Some, did not return home or reunite with their loved ones.

Contreras, Russell. ¨Other times in history when the U.S. separated families.¨ Chicago Tribune. 20 June 2018. https://www.chicagotribune.com/nation-world/ct-family-separation-history-20180620-story.html

Brasher, Joan. “Immigrant Children in 'Tender Age Shelters' at Risk for Psychological Disorders.” Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt University, 19 Dec. 2018, https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2018/12/19/immigrant-children-in-tender-age-shelters-at-risk-for-psychological-disorders/.

The second article I found about the history of family separation talks about the various times to date in which family separations were caused by the US. Some of these times in history include ICE raids at Mississippi worksites and when migrant children were taken at the US-Mexico border. It also talks about how family separation can cause long term health problems mentally and physically. The article tells us how to speak to younger people who may have questions about family separations in the media.

“The History and Impact of Child-Family Separations.” ADL, Anti-Defamation League, 14 Aug. 2018, https://www.adl.org/blog/the-history-and-impact-of-child-family-separations.

Pacheco, Darylyn. Personal Photo. 2022.

The media source I found was very informative. The video explains how families are separated in different ways and how when family members choose to go on their own and cut off ties with their family, it could hurt more than when a family member dies. Clinical psychologist, Jade Wu, speaks on this in the video.

¨When Family Bonds Are Broken¨. CBS Sunday Morning. Youtube. 26 September 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zVN1BiB_-O0

Wu, Jade. “Broken Family Ties and How to Cope With Estrangement.” Psychology Today, Sussex Publishers, 30 Jan. 2020, https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-savvy-psychologist/202001/broken-family-ties-and-how-cope-estrangement. 

My first article is of various interviews of young people that live with divorced parents and what it is like to live with a split family during the holidays. Having a split family is a struggle especially when it comes to holidays. Very tough choices are made by the children of split parents. In the article, “Split Families: What it means for the holidays,” Julie Herman meets with college students that come from split families. These students lay down the facts of what it is like being children of divorce. One student, Rachel Wilson-Bates, states, “being a child of divorce is super hard and not talked about enough, especially surrounding holidays.”

Herman, Julia. "Split families: what it 

means for holidays." UWIRE Text, Gale 

General OneFile, https://go-gale-

com.sfis.idm.oclc.org/ps/i.do?

p=ITOF&u=nm_s_santafeis&id=GALE%7

CA691417588&v=2.1&it=r&sid=ebsco.  2 Feb. 2022, p. 1. Accessed 21 Nov. 2022.

Graham, Carl O. “Bad Co-Parenting: 10 

Ways to Kill Your Child Custody Case.” 

Colorado Family Law Guide, 25 Aug. 

2020, https://www.colorado-family-l

aw.com/parenting-custody/bad-co-

parenting-kill-child-custody-case.

The second article I found, “Why family separation is growing into a ‘global crisis” published by PBS NewsHour, is about an interview between developmental psychologist, Hirokazu Yoshikawa, and Katherine Ellison of Knowable Magazine. Dr. Yoshikawa says, “the number of people around the world being displaced from their homes is at a historically high level.” Out of these people, more than half are children under the age of 18. The most significant split is of children and their parents whether it be immigration or court rulings. Disruptions between a child and their parents can result in longstanding cognitive, social-emotional mental health impacts (Ellison). Children who do not engage in relationships with caregivers can suffer from poor learning, social and emotional behavior.

Ellison, Katherine. “Why family separation is growing into a ‘global crisis.” Knowable Magazine, PBS NewsHours. 2020. Web. 

https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/why -family-separation-is-growing-into- aglobal-crisis. 21 Nov 2022.

Reilly, Katie, and Madeleine Carlisle. “Trump Administration's Move to End Flores Agreement Rejected.” Time, Time, 30 Apr. 2021, https://time.com/5657381/trump- administration-flores-agreement- migrant-children/

Children being neglected is a part of childhood trauma, not applicable to all. Neglect, whether it is emotional or physical, has many effects on children. Some of these effects are told to us by the video, “Childhood Trauma: The Lives of Neglected Children.” Anxiety, stress, stunted growth and learning impairments are some examples. Daniel Rucareanu is used as an example in the video. Daniel was put into a Romanian orphanage by his parents who were poor and could not afford to have children. The orphanage emotionally and physically neglected its children and this resulted in the children having emotional strains. This further affected the children when they were adopted into different homes and were unable to make connections to their new caregivers.

“Childhood Trauma: The Lives of the Neglected Children.” YouTube, YouTube, 1 Feb. 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=Hj1d8xJdPvU&list=TLPQMTYxMTI wMjJn8R4e4g1pFQ&index=3. Accessed 22 Nov. 2022.

Pacheco, Darylyn. Personal Photo. 2022.

“Divorce Rates Around The World” written by John Bui, showcases more than one country and community from around the world and their divorce rates. Some of these communities include Guatemala, the Philippines, Europe, America, Russia and Qatar. The article also discusses religion and how some countries do not allow divorce based on Catholicism. Some divorces, as said by the article, can be different such as emotional, financial, and legal divorces. John Bui also gives data and percentages of divorce based on professions.

Bui, John. “Divorce Rate Around the World”. JB Solicitors. 25 May 2022. Web. 

https://jbsolicitors.com.au/divorce- rates-around-the- world/#:~:text=If%20you%20look%20it %20up,of%20stress%20in%20one's%20 life. Accessed 2023. 

Following the first article by John Bui, I was really interested in the prohibition of divorce in the Philippines. Through more research I found a second article by Michael Sullivan. This article follows the restrictions Roman Catholicism has for divorce. There is an opportunity however, to file for annulment, but that is very costly to do. These annulments are usually declined and it is very biased also, based on the judge’s opinions. For those looking for a way out of a marriage in the Philippines, have renewed hope for divorce through a new bill passed in March of 2020 by the House of Representatives.

Sullivan, Michael. Divorce Is Prohibited In The Philippines, But Moves Are Underway To Legalize It.” Morning Edition. NPR. 23 May 2018. Web. https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels /2018/05/23/613335232/divorce-is- prohibited-in-the-philippines-but- moves-are-underway-to-legalize-it. Accessed 2023.

In this video, divorce coach Brigdet Jackson is interviewed and asked questions about why New Zealand’s divorce rate is so low. Said by Jackson, a very key component to the low rate of divorces is that there are fewer people getting married. This, she says, might be because there are fewer people wanting to accept the commitment that comes with marriage and there is less societal pressure to be married in the first place. One toxic reason there is less divorces is the fact that due to financial and housing reasons it is easier to stay in an unhappy marriage than going off on your own and having to pay higher costs.

“Separation Expert Explains Why NZ's Divorce Rate Is at Its Lowest Level in 40 Years | Newshub.” YouTube, YouTube, 4 May 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=L4AW-IQAj1Q.

December 1, 2022 - Highschool Dorm Rotunda

• Students were to release stress through creativity

• A tea and cookie bar were provided for students to graze

• Coloring pages, art paper, and paint were provided