Toastie, B. “How place names impact the way we see landscape.” High Country News: Know the 

West, 1 May 2022, 

https://www.hcn.org/issues/54.5/people-places-how-place-names-impact-the-way-we-see-la

ndscape. Accessed 27 August 2022.

The article, “U.S. Indian Policy: Self Determination,” was about revitalization. The self-determination helped Native Americans become more dependable upon themselves, they were able to have a variety of concepts like self-government, development of reservation resources, cultural renewal and self-sufficiency. This article talks about the amount of times Native Americans were put into different reform programs that helped some Native Americans gain their independence back because they were able to focus on the different acts that were being granted during 1961 to 1994. Many Native Americans have shaped the concept of self-determination mostly by going through all the economical development, cultural renewal and political and legal action, they were able to find themselves throughout all this hardship. 

Waldman, Carl. “U.S. Indian Policy: Self-Determination.” Atlas of the North American Indian, Third Edition, Facts On File, 2009. American Indian History, online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=18626&itemid=WE43&articleId=190360. Accessed 22 Oct. 2022.

The video, “3,000 Years of Business History in Two Minutes,” by James Allen was talking about the start of business and what people had to do to bring their ideas to the world. The video took us back all the way to the eighteenth century BC, where in India, early organizations were able to independently enter into contracts or own property, they were also able to sue or get sued by other organizations. The video also talked about the first US railroad company who were a modern management organization. Management became a career and during the 1970s companies wanted to trap investors and managers by making sure they had the same interests this allowed companies to get more money. “Technology will allow companies to achieve scale and retain customer intimacy. Power will shift from professional managers to the experts who deliver to those customers. Companies will own only those assets critical to their mission and rely on external ecosystems to manage the rest. Investors won't just invest in companies, they'll also invest in projects. And every company will have two engines, the one that powers today's profits, and the one that will generate the profits of tomorrow.” says Allen. 

Allen, James, Et al., directors. Bain, 10 August 2018, https://www.bain.com/insights/3000-years-of-business-history-in-two-minutes-video/. Accessed 23 November 2022.

“Small business owners are optimistic, but still face challenges almost two years into the pandemic,” by Michelle Fox. There have been many things that most small business owners have gone through during this pandemic and it has cost them to almost lose their businesses. This article talks about the biggest challenges that small businesses are facing while coming out of COVID-19 pandemic. It talks about inflation costs, covid-19 safety protocols/compliances, supply chain issues, lack of applicants for job openings, employee well-being/morale and employee retention. “There were 31.7 million small businesses in the U.S. as of October, according to the U.S. Small Business Administration, or 99.9% of all firms. Eighty-one percent of small businesses have no paid employees while 19% or 6 millions firms do” states Michelle Fox. During the pandemic inflation has increased for many small businesses, three in five small business owners have had to raise their prices and some have even let go of some of their staff to manage higher costs brought by inflation. Many small businesses think that some of the suppliers that are used for these small businesses are favoring the large businesses because of the larger volume of their orders. These are just some of the things that small business owners are going through and some have not been able to make it back since the rise of the pandemic. 

Fox Michelle. “We made it through. Small Business Owners are Optimistic, but Still Face Challenges Almost Two Years Into the Pandemic.” CNBC, 1 February 2022, https://www.cnbc.com/2022/02/01/small-business-owners-optimistic-but-still-face-challenges-amid-covid.html. Accessed 20 November 2022. 

“Top Business Issues: Now and in the Future,” by Karen Greenbaum, AESC president and CEO, they pull the research together to explain the leadership challenges faced by a changing world. This article talks about looking for the next generation of digital, diverse leaders, mass demographic shift, technology increasing the pace of change and gender inequality. Many businesses are looking into how technology is changing their business. Many people are using technology to connect with other people such as customers and also to drive innovation. In this article it talks about the next generation and how they can become the new leaders of this world and how they can use technology to their advantage. It also talks about gender inequality that is going on in the business world. Many women are viewed as employees who can balance work and life at the same time, they are also viewed as people who are not qualified for the job. Greenbaum states that “At a time when there is a shortage of talent, half of the world is under-employed-women. The fact is that gender inequality is a reality around the world and its past time for this to change.” 

Greenbaum Karen. “Top Business Issues: Now and in the Future.” AESC, 5 September 2022, https://www.aesc.org/insights/magazine/article/top-business-issues-now-and-future. Accessed 20 November 2022.

“Five biggest Challenges Facing Your small Business,” by Andrew Beattie. The video talked about many things like small businesses needing a large cash reserve, which is why some small business owners work a job and still grow their businesses at the same time. It also talks about some mental strains it puts on the mind, it can cause you to make rash decisions like abandoning or selling the small business. Many small businesses suffer from “founder dependence,” this means that the business owner gives up on the responsibilities as the business grows and puts the business in jeopardy. Finding balance is an important thing for establishing the business’ processes, so it can grow without hurting the quality of the business. 

Beattie, Andrew, director. Investopedia, 30 October 2022, https://www.investopedia.com/articles/pf/12/small-business-challenges.asp. Accessed 20 November 2022.