Laate Caleb Z. ¨Orange Clouds¨. 30 Sep 2019. Personal Photo

Christopher Joyce. A lone polar bear poses on a block of arctic sea ice in Russia's Franz Josef Land. NPR. 

10 Dec 2014.

Lianna Nixion. ATMOS and Logistics team finally reach the new destination of the flux sled at the first year ice site. WBUR. 

25 Sep 2020

In "Brief History of Climate Change Discoveries", By UK Research and Innovation. I learned a little more history on climate change.  In 1938 A man by the name Guy Callender made history by claiming the discovery of climate change saying the planet had been warmed with steam. In 1958, a young postgraduate geochemist named Charles David Kelling started to compare the amounts of CO2 in the air and water, no one had really tried to measure the levels of CO2 in the air.In 1968, Dr Mercer was doing fieldwork at the Reedy Glacier in West Antarctica when he discovered a former freshwater lake, 1,400 meters high up in the Transantarctic Mountains. In 1985, the ozone layer in the Earth’s atmosphere naturally protected us from harmful UV light. Three scientists from BAS reported that they had detected abnormally low levels of the ozone layer over the South Pole.In 1992, Scientists realized that higher levels of CO2 in the ocean will make it harder for corals and other animals to build reefs.

I read by Peter Jackson, In 1949 the UN scientific Conference was on the conservation and utilization of resources. It was the first UN body to address the depletion of these resources. However the focus was mainly on how to manage them for economic and social development, and to form a conservation perspective. It wasn’t until 1968 that the environment issues received serious attention to any major UN problems. The UN concern for the atmosphere and global temperatures slowly rising and gaining international attention. “In 1979, the UNEP governing council asked the Executive Director, under the Earth Watch programme, to monitor and evaluate the long-range transport of air pollutants, and the first international instrument on climate -- the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution -- was then adopted." In 1980 the UNEP took it to another level when the Governing Council took concern of the damage to the ozone layer and recommending limiting the productions of “Chlorofluorocarbons F-11 and F-12”, “This led to the negotiation and adoption in 1985 of Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and the conclusion of a Protocol to the 1979 Transboundary Air Pollution Convention, which aimed at reducing sulphur emissions by 30 per cent.” 

Laate Caleb Z. "Moutains". 19 May 2021. Personal Photo. 

Laate Caleb Z. "Over The Rainbow". 15 June 2020. Personal Photo. 

Laate Caleb Z. "Among the Trees". 20 Sep 2020. Personal Photo. 

The thing that I learned or found interesting from the article ¨Eight Warmest Years on Record Witness Upsurge in Climate Change Impacts¨ by the World Meteorological Organization  is that the global average temperature in 2022 is estimated to be about 1.15°C. In the European Alps, glacier melt records were broken in 2022,and the Average thickness loss was between 3 and over 4 meters. In Switzerland, 6% of the glacier ice volume was lost between 2021 and 2022. For the first time in history, It rained instead of snowing in September 2022 and lost a third of the ice. The last thing I found interesting was that the upper 2000m of the ocean continues to warm to record levels.

A few things I found interesting or informed me in the article ¨Climate Change Widespread, Rapid, and Intensifying.¨ One interesting thing was about reports of a project for the coming of decades of climate change and showed, At 1.5°C there will be an increase of heat waves, longer warm seasons and shorter cold seasons.Then at 2°C of global warming, heat extremes would more often reach critical tolerance threshold for agriculture and health. The last interesting thing in the article was that human actions still have potential to determine the future course of climate change.  

The thing that interested me or informed me in the video ¨ Provisional State of The Global Climate in 2022¨ was that in 2022 there were a lot of cases of extreme heat waves throughout the globe which caused droughts and flooding that affected millions of people and cost billions of dollars. The average temperature is about 1.15°C above pre-industrial times. How scientists did not predict the melting of Europe's glaciers. And the last thing I found interesting is that we should invest in more adaptation.  

EbvImage. Climate change is likely to worsen extreme weather events like flooding and droughts. EbvImage. Aug 17, 2021 

Tzamaros, Panayotis. A Firefighter battles a blaze in the suburbs of Pallini. CNN. July 20 2022. 

Gilbertson Ashley. A man collects scrap wood from property that had been burned to clear for farmland. WEF.  March 15, 2022.