LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA EXPRESION GRAFICA Y SU RELACION CON LA COMPETENCIA DE LA CREATIVIDAD
Habilidades que fomentan el pensamiento creativo desde la expresión gráfica
Garcia Garcia hace un estudio del desarrollo de la competencia creatividad evaluando diversas actividades que se entienden que “lanzan” la creatividad, como (, ) y proponiendo estas actividades en los contenidos de las asignaturas de expresión gráfica.
En estas actividades se desarrollan tres habilidades: en la I las habilidades espaciales, en la II el pensamiento visual y en la III el dibujo a mano alzada.
Estas habilidades, son las que desarrollan el pensamiento creativo desde el enfoque de la expresión gráfica.
- Las habilidades espaciales (Sorby, 2000)
- El pensamiento visual (Ferguson, 1992)(Napalkov, 2007)
- El bocetado y el dibujo a mano alzada (Ullman,1990)(Ferguson,1992)(Yang,2009)
- ¿Cómo se desarrolla la competencia creatividad en las asignaturas de expresión gráfica?
Varios estudios hacen una panoramica de la expresion gráfica en relacion a los contenidos y las metodologias docentes. El actual proceso EEEs esta orientado a la enseñanza por competencias. Una de estas competencias es la creatividad. En este articulo se hace una revision de 57 asignaturas de expresion grafica en españa y se revisa cómo se aborda la consecucion de la competencia de la creatividad.
Nuevas estrategias para el desarrollo de la creatividad en la expresión grafica
Conceptual Design Blending
(de: Creativity Enhancement via Engineering Graphics: Conceptual Design Blending Approach, 2016, Nazmun Nahar, Utah State University
(Pedagogy and Learning Within Engineering Design Graphics I 2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Nazmun Nahar, Utah State University; Benjamin James Call, Utah State University )
…an engineering professor at a western university developed a pedagogical approach to engineering graphics instruction called Conceptual Design Blending (CDB) that facilitates creativity in engineering students. The term CDB has its root in Fauconnierand Turner’s Conceptual Blending [8] and Arthur Koestler’s Bisociation [9] where students are asked to generate an entirely new design using features of two or more pre-existing designs. [10] With regard to CDB, as defined by Bell et al.:
“CDB is itself a conceptual blend of Conceptual Blending and Shape Blending into something new. Once the foundational techniques of the 3D CAD software have been taught, the CDB pedagogy deviates sharply from traditional instruction. Rather than assigning designs to replicate, the instructor presents students with two or more seed designs, and instructs them to design something entirely new based on those concepts, but with functionality and/or aesthetic appeal beyond either seed design. Since students are initially unsure of themselves, and do not know where to start with such open-ended requirements, the instructor introduces CDB by walking through examples of blending and presenting multiple think-aloud illustrations of the design process. Throughout the instruction, students are reminded that they each have unique and useful ideas to contribute, and are encouraged to borrow ideas from other places, provided the ideas are used within a design rather than strictly copied.” [10]
This teaching technique was developed under a belief that when students have the “freeform ability” to create or solve open-ended problems in a solid modeling course, it eradicates inhibitions and boosts creativity. Part of the motivation behind the technique is to incorporate more of the arts into engineering, as the originator, John Devitry-Smith, had personal experience with the arts promoting his academic motivation and eventual career in engineering. The present paper reports on an experimentally designed study that investigated whether the CDB approach enables students to improve their creativity as measured with the Abbreviated Torrance Test for Adults (ATTA).
8. Tunner, Mark, and Gilles Fauconnier. "Conceptual integration and formal expression." Metaphor and Symbol 10.3 (1995): 183-204.
9. Koestler, Arthur. "The act of creation." (1964): 1978.
10. Bell, Sarah, Goodridge, Wade H., Call, Benjamin J., and Devitry-Smith, John. “A new instructional technique within engineering graphics education, and its effect on spatial ability.” In proceedings of the American Educational Research Association Annual Conference (2016).
Referencias
Redesigning Engineering Graphics to Include CAD and Sketching Exercises Authors: Jerz R Publication: 2002 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition: Vive L'ingenieur!; Montreal; Canada; 16-19 June 2002
Engineering sketching as visualization, idea generation and communication tool Authors: Eggermont M, Douglas D, Johnston C, Caswell D
Publication: ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings