In the novel, female characters are often bound by traditional gender expectations. Amma, the matriarch, is largely confined to domestic responsibilities and holds limited power outside the home. Paati’s experiences further highlight how generational expectations demand women to be silent, patient, and submissive rather than self-expressive or independent. These themes resonate with the goals of SDG 5, which aims to eliminate discrimination and violence against women and girls, and to challenge the widespread injustices and violence women of all ages face.

The female-focused narratives in the novel underscore the need for societal shifts in gender norms to enable systemic change, allowing women to contribute freely and meaningfully. By decontextualizing these norms, the novel emphasizes the impact of gendered power structures on women’s roles within family and society, aligning with SDG 5’s targets of promoting women’s full participation in decision-making and reducing gender-based violence.

Chellam reveals the extreme economic divide in her society through the family’s relationship with their servants. Her character embodies the socio-economic hardships faced by lower-income Malaysians and highlights the systemic chaos and resource deprivation that deny her opportunities for advancement and protection from mistreatment and dismissal. This portrayal aligns with the objectives of SDG 10, which seeks to reduce income inequality and promote social inclusion by demonstrating how class stratification obstructs equality and justice.

More importantly, the book illustrates how social and economic disparities prevent impoverished individuals from advancing in social class and accessing the same opportunities as their employers. Addressing these inequalities resonates with the goals of SDG 10, which advocates for policies that support and uplift those marginalized at the bottom of the socio-economic ladder.