JEW, HEBREW
Hebrew: A member of the ancient Semitic tribes that peopled Palestine, not a synonym for Jew; also the language of ancient and modern Israel.
Jew: Originally a member of the tribe of Judah, part of which returned from the Babylonian captivity and carried on the old Hebrew tradition. Hence, a follower (male or female) of the religion after the return from captivity to the present.
Jewish: Adjective for Jew.
Judaism: Religion of the Jews. Judaism is divided mainly into Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform (not Reformed) branches.
Yiddish: A High German language spoken by some Jews today.
Israelite: A descendant of Jacob. Use in biblical context only.
Israeli, Israelis (noun): Inhabitant(s) of the modern nation of Israel.
Israeli (adjective): Pertaining to modern Israel:
Israeli troops, etc.
Rabbi (not a pastor, though some Reform rabbis call themselves ministers):
Rabbi Danny Goldberg, Rabbi Goldberg, the rabbi
Incorrect: the Reverend Danny Goldberg, Mr. Goldberg