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Review of Recent Article: Following A Vegan Diet Will Cause Severe Birth Defects And A Lower Birth Weight
https://bartoll.se/2025/03/vegan-diet-birth-defects-low-weight/
1.
Following a vegan diet during pregnancy is associated with a significantly higher risk of the child being small for gestational age1 . "Following a vegan diet during pregnancy was associated with 171% higher odds of having a child that was small for the gestational age (defined as a birth weight below the 10th percentile)”1 .
2.
The author believes that a vegan diet is harmful and "retarded," especially for pregnant women2 . "The vegan diet is one of the most retarded diets ever to be pushed on gullible idiots, only second to the fruitarian diet"2 .
3.
The author argues that vegan diets cannot provide bioavailable or essential nutrients necessary for human physiology because humans are "obligate hyper carnivores"3 . "In short, a vegan diet cannot provide any bioavailable or essential nutrients as they are in the wrong chemical form for our physiology, as humans are obligate hyper carnivores and we lack the digestive system to extract anything meaningful from plant matter"3 .
4.
The source claims that plant-based foods lack essential key nutrients in their correct form, such as retinol, vitamin K2, vitamin D3, vitamin B12, EPA/DHA, zinc, heme iron, cholesterol, saturated fats, taurine, glycine, and choline4 . "Plant-based edibles does not even contain essential key-nutrients (or in their correct form) such as vitamin A (retinol,) vitamin K2 (MK4,) vitamin D3, vitamin B12, Omega-3’s (EPA/DHA,) zinc, heme iron, cholesterol, saturated fats, taurine, glycine, choline, creatine, and many more"4 .
5.
The author contends that the body of a nutrient-deficient pregnant mother on a vegan diet will break down her own tissues to provide nutrients for the developing baby3 . "So, this means that in a nutrient deficient and pregnant mother, the body has no other option than to break down her own tissues to supply the nutrients needed and to put together the baby as best as it can"3 .
6.
The longer a mother follows a vegan diet before pregnancy, the higher the likelihood of the baby being born with health issues and lower body weight5 . "However, if she’s been following the deadly vegan diet for several months or even a few years prior to becoming pregnant, the baby will most likely be born with a lot of health issues, including a much lower body weight"5 .
7.
The author asserts that vegan mothers with a high toxic load due to plant-based foods and an impaired detoxification process can further damage the fetus, potentially leading to various health problems and conditions5 . "So, if the mother has been vegan for some time or if she consumes a lot of plant-edibles rich in defense chemicals, antinutrients, heavy metals, and pesticide residues, especially if combined with carbohydrates and seed oils, or even worse ultra-processed foods, she will not be able to detoxify and her toxic load will be really high, damaging the fetus even further — guaranteeing health problems, ailments and severe conditions and handicaps upon birth or in the few years following, such as Fragile X syndrome, Five P Minus Syndrome, Down syndrome, common truncus, and asthma, autism, ADHD, and many more"5 .
8.
The author believes that being vegan, fruitarian, or even vegetarian as a mother should be illegal6 . "Yes, being vegan, fruitarian or even vegetarian as a mother should be criminal and punishable by law!"6 .
9.
According to the author, the observed lack of clear association between vegan diets and low birth weight (below 2,500 grams) in the meta-analysis is due to the small sample size and other factors, but long-term vegans are almost guaranteed to have babies with very low birth weight6 . "It might be unclear from this meta-analysis due to the small sample size of only 335 mothers and all the factors I explained above, but for those who have been vegans for a long time, a very low birth weight below 2,500 grams or 5.5 pounds is almost guaranteed"6 .
10.
The author attributes the decline in median birth weight over the past 50 years to the increase in plant-based and processed foods in the "modern diet"7 . "Now, 50 years later, the median birth weight has dropped by 0.5 kg (1.1 pound,) and that is all due to the extreme decline in our “modern diet,” as in plant-based and processed foods"7 .
11.
The author dismisses Examine.com's explanation that lower calorie, protein, and omega-3 intake could explain the higher odds of small-for-gestational-age infants in vegan mothers, calling it "retarded" and accusing them of "shilling for their masters in the food industry"8 . "Are you at Examine.com really that retarded or are you simply shilling for your masters in the food industry?"8 .
12.
The source claims that supplementing most nutrients, especially vitamins, on a vegan diet is ineffective and can cause toxicity because they are in the wrong chemical form4 . "And NO! You cannot supplement most of these nutrients, especially not vitamins as they also are in the wrong chemical form and will hardly be recognized by the body, causing tremendous toxicity and harm!"4 .
13.
The author states that feeding children a vegan diet is "evil deadly slop" and that breast milk from vegan mothers will be low in nutrients, potentially leading to the use of damaging baby formulas9 . "So, in other words, it’s frikkin’ common sense that a vegan diet will cause tremendous damage to a growing fetus and even to a growing child if feed such evil deadly slop, not to mention that the breast milk will be very low in nutrients if the mother continues on this idiotic and deadly vegan path (but likely she will not be able to produce enough milk and will turn to the extreme damaging and deadly baby formulas, hurting her child even more.)"9 .
14.
The author believes that the general public has been "brainwashed" into believing "pseudo-science" about nutrition, leading them to adopt harmful diets like veganism9 . "Unfortunately, the large masses have been brainwashed, programmed, and conditioned with inverted pseudo-science, as in “nutritional science” for several generations now, and most of the lies have become universally believed dogma among these sheep"9 .
15.
The author offers coaching and consultation services to help people transition to their "natural species-appropriate, species-specific way of eating" (presumably an animal-based diet)10 .... "If you need help with any kind of health problems or transitioning from your current way of eating to our natural species-appropriate, species-specific way of eating, I’m available for both coaching and consultation"10 .
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Executive Summary:
This article by Joachim Bartoll vehemently argues that following a vegan diet during pregnancy will cause severe birth defects and lower birth weight. The author bases this claim on his interpretation of a meta-analysis of cohort studies, his broader understanding of human physiology (which he asserts designates humans as "obligate hyper carnivores"), and his belief that plant-based foods are inherently toxic and nutrient-deficient for human needs, especially during the critical period of fetal development. Bartoll uses inflammatory language and dismisses veganism as a "retarded diet," advocating for animal-based nutrition during pregnancy and beyond.
Main Themes and Important Ideas/Facts:
Vegan Diets During Pregnancy are Harmful: The central theme is the strong assertion that vegan diets are detrimental to fetal health and will lead to negative birth outcomes, specifically severe birth defects and lower birth weight.
The author states, "Following A Vegan Diet Will Cause Severe Birth Defects And A Lower Birth Weight."
He claims the meta-analysis of cohort studies is a "no-brainer" and reinforces his pre-existing negative views on veganism.
Increased Risk of Small for Gestational Age (SGA) Infants: Bartoll highlights a finding from the meta-analysis he cites:
"Following a vegan diet during pregnancy was associated with 171% higher odds of having a child that was small for the gestational age (defined as a birth weight below the 10th percentile)."
He interprets this as a significant risk associated with vegan pregnancies.
Inherent Nutrient Deficiencies of Vegan Diets: The author argues that vegan diets cannot provide the necessary bioavailable nutrients for a healthy pregnancy and fetal development.
He claims, "a vegan diet cannot provide any bioavailable or essential nutrients as they are in the wrong chemical form for our physiology..."
He lists specific nutrients he believes are lacking or not adequately available in plant-based foods, including "vitamin A (retinol,) vitamin K2 (MK4,) vitamin D3, vitamin B12, Omega-3’s (EPA/DHA,) zinc, heme iron, cholesterol, saturated fats, taurine, glycine, choline, creatine, and many more."
He dismisses the efficacy of supplementing these nutrients, stating they are often in the "wrong chemical form" and can cause "tremendous toxicity and harm."
Humans as "Obligate Hyper Carnivores": Bartoll's nutritional philosophy, central to his argument, posits that humans are biologically designed to primarily consume animal products.
He states, "...humans are obligate hyper carnivores and we lack the digestive system to extract anything meaningful from plant matter."
This belief underpins his rejection of veganism as a physiologically inappropriate diet.
Toxicity of Plant-Based Foods: The author believes plant-based foods contain "defense chemicals, antinutrients, heavy metals, and pesticide residues" that contribute to the mother's "toxic load" and further harm the fetus.
He argues that pregnant vegan mothers have impaired detoxification abilities due to nutrient deficiencies, exacerbating the negative impact of these toxins on the developing child.
Personal Anecdote and Historical Comparison: Bartoll includes a personal anecdote about his and his brother's birth weights in the 1970s, contrasting them with what he perceives as lower median birth weights today, which he attributes to the rise of "plant-based and processed foods" in the "modern diet."
Strong and Inflammatory Language: The article is characterized by highly critical and offensive language towards those following vegan diets.
He refers to vegan diets as "one of the most retarded diets ever to be pushed on gullible idiots."
He labels vegan mothers as "incredibly stupid and ignorant" for following a "death-diet."
He suggests that being vegan or vegetarian during pregnancy "should be criminal and punishable by law!"
Criticism of Examine.com: Bartoll expresses strong disapproval of Examine.com's analysis of the meta-study, accusing them of being "retarded" or "shilling for your masters in the food industry" for suggesting that lower calorie, protein, and omega-3 intake could plausibly explain the findings.
Promotion of Author's Services and Community: The article concludes with a promotion of Bartoll's coaching and consultation services in "animal-based (carnivore) educational coaching" and his online community, Ungovernable.se.
Quotes:
"The vegan diet is one of the most retarded diets ever to be pushed on gullible idiots, only second to the fruitarian diet."
"Following a vegan diet during pregnancy was associated with 171% higher odds of having a child that was small for the gestational age (defined as a birth weight below the 10th percentile)."
"In short, a vegan diet cannot provide any bioavailable or essential nutrients as they are in the wrong chemical form for our physiology, as humans are obligate hyper carnivores and we lack the digestive system to extract anything meaningful from plant matter."
"Yes, being vegan, fruitarian or even vegetarian as a mother should be criminal and punishable by law!"
"Are you at Examine.com really that retarded or are you simply shilling for your masters in the food industry? This is basic-level biology, physiology and biochemistry."
Summary
This blog post, written by Joachim Bartoll, argues that following a vegan diet during pregnancy is dangerous and will likely cause severe birth defects and lower birth weight. The author bases this claim on a meta-analysis and his own strong opinions, asserting that vegan diets lack essential bioavailable nutrients crucial for fetal development and that plant-based foods contain harmful toxins. Bartoll contends that humans are "obligate hyper carnivores" who cannot thrive on plant matter and harshly criticizes veganism as an "idiotic and deadly" dietary choice for expectant mothers, advocating instead for an animal-based approach to nutrition. The article's purpose is to dissuade pregnant individuals from adopting vegan diets by presenting it as a significant threat to the health of their unborn children.
Key Topics
Vegan diet harm
Pregnancy birth defects
Low birth weight
Nutrient deficiencies
Plant-based toxins
Discuss Pregnancy birth defects.
The source, an article by Joachim Bartoll titled "Following A Vegan Diet Will Cause Severe Birth Defects And A Lower Birth Weight," heavily criticizes vegan diets during pregnancy and asserts a strong link between such diets and negative birth outcomes1 ....
According to Bartoll, following a vegan diet during pregnancy will cause severe birth defects and a lower birth weight1 . He refers to the vegan diet as "one of the most retarded diets ever to be pushed on gullible idiots"2 .
The article discusses a meta-analysis of three cohort studies that compared mothers following a vegan diet during pregnancy to those following a "typical shitty modern diet"2 . This meta-analysis, which included over 67,000 participants with roughly 0.5% following a vegan diet (approximately 335 mothers), found that following a vegan diet during pregnancy was associated with 171% higher odds of having a child that was small for the gestational age (defined as a birth weight below the 10th percentile)3 ....
Bartoll explains this by stating that a vegan diet cannot provide any bioavailable or essential nutrients in the correct chemical form for human physiology, as humans are "obligate hyper carnivores"5 . He argues that humans lack the digestive system to extract meaningful nutrition from plant matter5 . Furthermore, he claims that the few nutrients present in plant-based foods require a low-yielding and toxic conversion process5 .
In a nutrient-deficient pregnant mother, Bartoll suggests that the body is forced to break down its own tissues to provide nutrients for the developing baby5 . If a mother has been on a vegan diet for several months or years prior to pregnancy, the baby is more likely to be born with health issues, including much lower body weight6 .
Bartoll also emphasizes the role of the mother's toxic load and detoxification abilities. He claims that prolonged nutrient deficiencies from a vegan diet impair detoxification, which is crucial during pregnancy as the mother detoxifies for the fetus as well6 . Consumption of plant-based foods rich in "defense chemicals, antinutrients, heavy metals, and pesticide residues," especially when combined with carbohydrates and seed oils or ultra-processed foods, further increases the toxic load, damaging the fetus6 . This damage, according to Bartoll, can lead to health problems, ailments, and severe conditions and handicaps upon birth or in the few years following, such as Fragile X syndrome, Five P Minus Syndrome, Down syndrome, common truncus, and asthma, autism, ADHD, and many more6 .
Bartoll believes that being vegan, fruitarian, or even vegetarian as a mother "should be criminal and punishable by law"7 . While the meta-analysis did not find a clear association between vegan diets and gestational diabetes or low birth weight (below 2,500 grams or 5.5 pounds), Bartoll dismisses this as being due to the small sample size, asserting that very low birth weight is almost guaranteed for long-term vegans7 .
He criticizes Examine.com for suggesting that lower intake of calories, protein, and long-chain omega-3 fatty acids could explain the higher odds of small-for-gestational-age infants in vegan mothers. Bartoll argues that the issue is much broader, stating that plant-based foods do not contain essential key nutrients (or in their correct form) such as vitamin A (retinol), vitamin K2 (MK4), vitamin D3, vitamin B12, Omega-3’s (EPA/DHA), zinc, heme iron, cholesterol, saturated fats, taurine, glycine, choline, and creatine8 . He also claims that supplementing these nutrients is largely ineffective and can cause toxicity8 .
Bartoll concludes that a vegan diet will cause "tremendous damage to a growing fetus" and that breast milk from vegan mothers will be low in nutrients9 . He attributes the acceptance of veganism to "brainwashing" and "inverted pseudo-science"9 .
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Discuss Pregnancy birth defects.
The source, an article by Joachim Bartoll titled "Following A Vegan Diet Will Cause Severe Birth Defects And A Lower Birth Weight," heavily criticizes vegan diets during pregnancy and asserts a strong link between such diets and negative birth outcomes1 ....
According to Bartoll, following a vegan diet during pregnancy will cause severe birth defects and a lower birth weight1 . He refers to the vegan diet as "one of the most retarded diets ever to be pushed on gullible idiots"2 .
The article discusses a meta-analysis of three cohort studies that compared mothers following a vegan diet during pregnancy to those following a "typical shitty modern diet"2 . This meta-analysis, which included over 67,000 participants with roughly 0.5% following a vegan diet (approximately 335 mothers), found that following a vegan diet during pregnancy was associated with 171% higher odds of having a child that was small for the gestational age (defined as a birth weight below the 10th percentile)3 ....
Bartoll explains this by stating that a vegan diet cannot provide any bioavailable or essential nutrients in the correct chemical form for human physiology, as humans are "obligate hyper carnivores"5 . He argues that humans lack the digestive system to extract meaningful nutrition from plant matter5 . Furthermore, he claims that the few nutrients present in plant-based foods require a low-yielding and toxic conversion process5 .
In a nutrient-deficient pregnant mother, Bartoll suggests that the body is forced to break down its own tissues to provide nutrients for the developing baby5 . If a mother has been on a vegan diet for several months or years prior to pregnancy, the baby is more likely to be born with health issues, including much lower body weight6 .
Bartoll also emphasizes the role of the mother's toxic load and detoxification abilities. He claims that prolonged nutrient deficiencies from a vegan diet impair detoxification, which is crucial during pregnancy as the mother detoxifies for the fetus as well6 . Consumption of plant-based foods rich in "defense chemicals, antinutrients, heavy metals, and pesticide residues," especially when combined with carbohydrates and seed oils or ultra-processed foods, further increases the toxic load, damaging the fetus6 . This damage, according to Bartoll, can lead to health problems, ailments, and severe conditions and handicaps upon birth or in the few years following, such as Fragile X syndrome, Five P Minus Syndrome, Down syndrome, common truncus, and asthma, autism, ADHD, and many more6 .
Bartoll believes that being vegan, fruitarian, or even vegetarian as a mother "should be criminal and punishable by law"7 . While the meta-analysis did not find a clear association between vegan diets and gestational diabetes or low birth weight (below 2,500 grams or 5.5 pounds), Bartoll dismisses this as being due to the small sample size, asserting that very low birth weight is almost guaranteed for long-term vegans7 .
He criticizes Examine.com for suggesting that lower intake of calories, protein, and long-chain omega-3 fatty acids could explain the higher odds of small-for-gestational-age infants in vegan mothers. Bartoll argues that the issue is much broader, stating that plant-based foods do not contain essential key nutrients (or in their correct form) such as vitamin A (retinol), vitamin K2 (MK4), vitamin D3, vitamin B12, Omega-3’s (EPA/DHA), zinc, heme iron, cholesterol, saturated fats, taurine, glycine, choline, and creatine8 . He also claims that supplementing these nutrients is largely ineffective and can cause toxicity8 .
Bartoll concludes that a vegan diet will cause "tremendous damage to a growing fetus" and that breast milk from vegan mothers will be low in nutrients9 . He attributes the acceptance of veganism to "brainwashing" and "inverted pseudo-science"9 .
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Discuss Low birth weight.
Based on the source by Joachim Bartoll and our previous discussion, low birth weight is a significant concern raised in relation to vegan diets during pregnancy1 .
The article discusses a meta-analysis of three cohort studies that compared birth outcomes of mothers following a vegan diet to those on a "typical shitty modern diet"2 . This analysis found that following a vegan diet during pregnancy was associated with a 171% higher odds of having a child that was small for the gestational age, which is defined as a birth weight below the 10th percentile3 .
While the meta-analysis did not find a clear association between vegan diets and having a child with a low birth weight (defined as a birth weight below 2,500 grams, or 5.5 pounds), Bartoll strongly disagrees with this finding4 . He argues that it's not "unclear if you have a working brain" and attributes the inconclusive result to the small sample size of vegan mothers in the study (only 335 out of over 67,000 participants) and other factors he has previously explained4 .... Bartoll asserts that for mothers who have been vegan for a long time, a very low birth weight below 2,500 grams is "almost guaranteed"4 .
Bartoll attributes the higher risk of low birth weight and being small for gestational age in babies of vegan mothers to the inability of a vegan diet to provide bioavailable or essential nutrients in the correct form for human physiology6 . He contends that humans are "obligate hyper carnivores" and cannot efficiently extract nutrients from plant matter6 .... He lists numerous essential nutrients that he claims are either absent or in an unusable form in plant-based foods, including vitamin A (retinol), vitamin K2 (MK4), vitamin D3, vitamin B12, Omega-3’s (EPA/DHA), zinc, heme iron, cholesterol, saturated fats, taurine, glycine, and choline8 .
According to Bartoll, a nutrient-deficient pregnant mother on a vegan diet may have to break down her own tissues to supply the necessary nutrients for the developing fetus6 . If the mother has been vegan for an extended period before pregnancy, her nutritional stores may be depleted, increasing the likelihood of the baby being born with health issues and a much lower body weight9 .
Furthermore, Bartoll highlights the role of the mother's toxic load and impaired detoxification due to nutrient deficiencies associated with veganism9 . He argues that the inability to detoxify efficiently, especially when combined with the consumption of plant-based foods containing "defense chemicals, antinutrients, heavy metals, and pesticide residues," can further damage the fetus and contribute to various health problems, including low birth weight9 .
In summary, the source argues that following a vegan diet during pregnancy significantly increases the risk of a baby being small for its gestational age, and in the author's strong opinion, also elevates the risk of low birth weight due to nutrient deficiencies and the mother's increased toxic load3 ....
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Discuss Nutrient deficiencies.
Drawing on the source, an article by Joachim Bartoll titled "Following A Vegan Diet Will Cause Severe Birth Defects And A Lower Birth Weight," nutrient deficiencies are presented as a central and critical consequence of following a vegan diet, especially during pregnancy1 .... Bartoll argues that these deficiencies are the primary reason why vegan diets are detrimental to both the mother and the developing fetus, leading to lower birth weight and severe birth defects4 ....
According to Bartoll, a vegan diet cannot provide any bioavailable or essential nutrients in the correct chemical form for human physiology1 . He bases this claim on his belief that humans are "obligate hyper carnivores" with a digestive system ill-equipped to extract meaningful nutrition from plant matter1 .... He states that while some nutrients may be present in plant-based foods, they often require a "low-yielding and toxic" conversion process within the body1 .
Bartoll provides a list of essential key nutrients that he contends are either absent or not in their correct form in plant-based edibles. These include:
•
Vitamin A (retinol)3
•
Vitamin K2 (MK4)3
•
Vitamin D33
•
Vitamin B123
•
Omega-3’s (EPA/DHA)3
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Zinc3
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Heme iron3
•
Cholesterol3
•
Saturated fats3
•
Taurine3
•
Glycine3
•
Choline3
•
Creatine3
He further claims that supplementing most of these nutrients is ineffective because they are often in the wrong chemical form and poorly recognized by the body, potentially causing "tremendous toxicity and harm"3 .
In the context of pregnancy, Bartoll argues that a nutrient-deficient mother's body is forced to break down its own tissues to supply the necessary nutrients for the developing baby1 . If the mother has followed a vegan diet for an extended period before pregnancy, her nutritional stores will likely be depleted, increasing the risk of the baby being born with health issues and a much lower body weight2 .
Moreover, Bartoll connects nutrient deficiencies to impaired detoxification2 . He asserts that proper detoxification, which is crucial during pregnancy for both the mother and the fetus, heavily depends on certain essential nutrients. A vegan diet-induced nutrient deficiency hinders this process, leading to a higher toxic load in the mother. This increased toxicity, potentially exacerbated by "defense chemicals, antinutrients, heavy metals, and pesticide residues" in plant-based foods, can further damage the fetus and contribute to various health problems and birth defects2 .
In essence, Bartoll views nutrient deficiency as a fundamental and unavoidable consequence of veganism, which he believes has severe and detrimental effects, particularly during the critical period of fetal development1 ....
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Discuss Plant-based toxins.
Based on the source provided, Joachim Bartoll strongly emphasizes the presence of "plant-based toxins" as a significant danger of following a vegan diet, especially during pregnancy1 .... He argues that these toxins contribute to fetal damage, low birth weight, birth defects, and various health issues in the child1 ....
Bartoll refers to several categories of potentially harmful substances found in plant foods:
•
Defense chemicals: He mentions that plant-based edibles are rich in these2 .
•
Antinutrients: These are also highlighted as components of plant-based foods2 .... In a related post title, he explicitly states, "Wise Up! Antinutrients? Everything In Vegetables Is Unusable And Toxic To Humans!"4 .
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Heavy metals and pesticide residues: Bartoll includes these as potential contaminants found in plant-based foods2 .
•
"Plant-based toxins" are also mentioned in the context of a pregnant mother's diet high in carbohydrates and seed/vegetable oils damaging the fetus, especially the liver1 .
According to Bartoll, if a pregnant mother consumes a lot of plant-edibles rich in these defense chemicals, antinutrients, heavy metals, and pesticide residues, especially when combined with carbohydrates and seed oils or ultra-processed foods, she will not be able to detoxify effectively2 . This impaired detoxification is compounded by the nutrient deficiencies he claims are inherent in a vegan diet2 . As the mother needs to detoxify on behalf of the fetus as well, a high toxic load in the mother will further damage the fetus2 .
Bartoll asserts that this increased toxic load in the mother, resulting from the consumption of plant-based foods and the inability to detoxify due to nutrient deficiencies, can lead to a range of severe conditions and handicaps in the child upon birth or in the following years, such as Fragile X syndrome, Five P Minus Syndrome, Down syndrome, common truncus, asthma, autism, and ADHD2 .
In essence, Bartoll's argument is that plant-based foods are inherently problematic due to the presence of various toxic compounds. When these are consumed by a pregnant woman, especially one already nutrient-deficient from a vegan diet, the resulting high toxic load and impaired detoxification mechanisms severely threaten the health and development of the fetus, potentially causing a wide array of birth defects and health issues2 . He views the avoidance of these "plant-based toxins" as a key reason to follow a "natural species-appropriate, species-specific way of eating," which, based on his other statements, is an animal-based diet5 .
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Vegan diet: A diet that excludes all animal products1 .... The source argues that following a vegan diet during pregnancy can cause severe birth defects and lower birth weight1 .
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Birth defects: Physical or developmental abnormalities present at birth1 .... The author claims that a vegan diet can lead to a higher risk of these in newborns1 .
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Lower birth weight: A birth weight that is below the expected range1 .... The source cites a study suggesting an association between vegan diets during pregnancy and infants being small for gestational age2 ....
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Antinutrients: Plant compounds that the author believes interfere with the absorption of nutrients1 ....
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Bioavailable: The degree to which a nutrient is absorbed and can be used by the body1 .... The author argues that a vegan diet does not provide nutrients in bioavailable forms for humans5 .
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Bioconversion: The process by which the body converts one substance into another1 . The source states that nutrient conversion from plant-based foods is low-yielding and toxic5 .
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Fetus: The developing human in the uterus1 .... The author expresses concern about the impact of a mother's vegan diet on the health of the fetus2 ....
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Obligate hyper carnivores: A term the author uses to describe humans, implying that their natural diet should be primarily or exclusively meat-based1 ....
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Heme iron: A form of iron found in animal products, which the author implies is essential and lacking in vegan diets1 ....
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Retinol: The active form of vitamin A, found in animal sources, which the author states is not adequately provided by plant-based diets1 ....
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Vitamin B12: An essential vitamin primarily found in animal products and considered lacking in a vegan diet by the author1 ....
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Vitamin D3: A form of vitamin D found in animal sources, which the author suggests is superior to plant-based forms1 ....
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Vitamin K2 (MK4): A form of vitamin K found in animal products, which the author claims is an essential nutrient missing in vegan diets1 ....
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Omega-3 (EPA/DHA): Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, found more readily in animal sources, which the author suggests are insufficiently obtained from plant-based diets1 ....
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Small for gestational age (SGA): A term defining a baby born with a birth weight below the 10th percentile for their gestational age2 .... The source highlights a study linking vegan diets to a higher risk of SGA infants4 .
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Meta-analysis: A study that combines the results of several independent studies2 . The author refers to a meta-analysis examining birth outcomes in mothers following a vegan diet2 .
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Cohort studies: Observational studies that follow a group of individuals over a period of time2 . The meta-analysis mentioned in the source included cohort studies2 .
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Toxic load: The accumulation of harmful substances in the body1 .... The author suggests that vegan mothers may have a higher toxic load, which can further harm the fetus3 .
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Defense chemicals: Natural toxins produced by plants3 . The source mentions that plant-based foods contain these, which can contribute to the mother's toxic load3 .
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Plant-based: A diet that primarily consists of foods derived from plants1 .... The author often uses this term negatively in the context of pregnancy and infant health2 ....
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