DailyBriefs.info PODCAST REVIEW OF The Harvard Carnivore Diet Study 1pg Health Benefits
1 pg summary Harvard Carnivore Diet Study 2020 10 page pdf - Harvard Carnivore Diet Study
Review of Harvard Carnivore Diet Study
1.
The Harvard University study was the first significant research to survey a large group of over 2,000 individuals following a carnivore diet1 ....
2.
The study's findings were published in the esteemed journal, Current Developments in Nutrition, on November 2, 20211 ....
3.
A striking 95% of participants reported improvements in their overall health status while on the carnivore diet4 ....
4.
An overwhelming majority (98%) of participants expressed satisfaction with the carnivore diet7 ....
5.
The primary motivation for 93% of participants adopting the carnivore diet was to enhance their health and facilitate weight loss11 ....
6.
Participants reported significant improvements in various chronic conditions, with nearly all reporting improvement or resolution in diabetes, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and psychiatric symptoms15 ....
7.
A drastic reduction in medication use was reported, including complete discontinuation of diabetes injectables (100%) and significant decreases in insulin and oral diabetes medications9 ....
8.
The study revealed that, contrary to some expectations, participants reported minimal adverse effects from the carnivore diet5 ....
9.
Ruminant meat (beef, bison, lamb, goat, or venison) was the cornerstone of the diet for 85% of participants, consumed daily20 ....
10.
Participants experienced better hunger management and reduced food cravings (91%)4 ....
11.
Notable increases were reported in energy (89%), mental clarity (85%), and focus (83%)4 ....
12.
Significant improvements were seen in body weight and composition, with a mean BMI dropping from 27.2 to 24.315 ....
13.
93% of obese participants reported weight loss due to the carnivore diet8 .
14.
Participants reported improved sleep (69%) and memory (66%)4 ....
15.
Strength (78%) and endurance (76%) also saw improvements4 ....
16.
The median duration of adhering to the carnivore diet was 14 months, with some participants following it for as long as 28 years14 ....
17.
64% of participants held at least a college degree, suggesting a well-informed group exploring dietary interventions12 ....
18.
The study highlights the diet’s multifaceted appeal, attracting interest across a wide spectrum of health-related motivations25 .
19.
Eggs (44%) and high-fat dairy like cheese and cream (43%) were also staple foods for many participants, consumed daily20 ....
20.
Participants exhibited a high level of compliance with the carnivore diet, largely avoiding legumes, grains, starchy vegetables, sugary foods, and fruits18 ....
21.
Coffee was a popular daily beverage among 57% of participants23 ....
22.
Alcohol consumption was notably low, with the vast majority avoiding beer (83%) and low-carb beers/seltzers (86%)31 ....
23.
Most participants (81%) ate one to two times per day, demonstrating a trend towards fewer, more substantial meals35 ....
24.
The majority (61%) of participants opted for high-fat meats32 ....
25.
Participants were almost evenly split between consuming grain-finished (54%) and grass-fed and finished (46%) meat32 ....
26.
Electrolyte supplement usage was divided, with 59% never using them and 17% taking them daily35 ....
27.
The study relied on self-reported data from an online survey, which introduces potential inaccuracies in recalling dietary habits and health changes7 ....
28.
Objective verification of reported eating habits and health improvements was not feasible in this study10 ....
29.
The findings challenge conventional dietary norms that often criticize meat-centric diets44 ....
30.
The study underscores the historical precedent of high-fat, low-carb animal-based diets in some populations44 ....
31.
The engagement of a prestigious institution like Harvard validates the growing popularity of the carnivore diet45 ....
32.
The overwhelmingly positive feedback from participants warrants further empirical research48 ....
33.
The study recruited participants from carnivore communities on social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Reddit, and Twitter51 ....
34.
The study included 2029 participants aged 18 or over who had consumed a carnivore diet for more than 6 months51 ....
35.
The objective was to understand the effect of the carnivore diet on physical and mental health status51 .
36.
Most participants were from the US and Canada (64%)14 ....
37.
Two-thirds of the participants were male12 ....
38.
The participants' age ranged from 18 to 85, with a median age of 4412 ....
39.
Their weight ranged from 38 kg to 176 kg, with a median weight of 76 kg12 ....
40.
20% of participants reported high income, 66% middle income, and 14% low income12 ....
41.
Specific health objectives for adopting the diet included body weight/composition (78%), focus and energy (74%), and addressing allergies/skin/autoimmunity (56%)11 ....
42.
Digestive health (52%), athletic performance (46%), mental health (45%), and diabetes management (11%) were also motivations11 ....
43.
Pork was a daily choice for 13% and weekly for 53% of participants20 ....
44.
Poultry was eaten daily by 2.5% and weekly by 38%20 ....
45.
Fish was consumed daily by 3.5% and weekly by 36%20 ....
46.
Organ meats were consumed weekly by 42%20 ....
47.
Bone broth was integrated monthly by 52%20 ....
48.
Milk was consumed weekly by 17%, while 65% abstained20 ....
49.
Herbs and spices were used daily by 21%20 ....
50.
Salt was consumed liberally by 36%20 ....
51.
Tea was less popular than coffee, with only 12% drinking it daily and 51% never drinking it31 ....
52.
Compliance rates for avoiding legumes, grains, and starchy vegetables often exceeded 70%18 ....
53.
Similarly, sugary foods, desserts, and non-calorie sweeteners were seldom consumed18 ....
54.
The avoidance extended to fruits and non-starchy vegetables18 ....
55.
97% of the population with gastrointestinal issues reported improvement8 ....
56.
93% of participants with hypertension reported improvement8 ....
57.
The results for lipid abnormalities were more complicated, with some reporting worsening, while others saw improvement24 ....
58.
The study did not objectively assess diet, nutritional status, or confounding health behaviors10 ....
59.
No physiological or biochemical measurements were obtained10 ....
60.
Recall and reporting bias may have affected the data and results10 ....
keep_pinSave to note
copy_all
thumb_up
thumb_down
Growing Popularity and Endorsement: The carnivore diet is gaining traction, supported by anecdotal evidence and the vocal advocacy of prominent figures in health and wellness, such as Joe Rogan, Jordan Peterson, and medical professionals like Dr. Paul Saladino and Dr. Shawn Baker. The Harvard study itself underscores this increasing interest.
Demographics and Motivations of Adopters: Participants were diverse in body weight and came from various educational and income backgrounds, primarily from the US and Canada. The overwhelming majority (93%) adopted the diet for health and weight loss reasons, citing specific motivations like improving body weight/composition (78%), focus and energy (74%), allergy/skin/autoimmunity (56%), and digestive health (52%).
Dietary Practices and Compliance: The study provides detailed insights into the dietary habits of carnivore dieters. Ruminant meat (beef, bison, lamb, etc.) was the cornerstone, consumed daily by 85%. Eggs (44%) and high-fat dairy (43%) were also common daily choices. Pork, poultry, and fish were consumed less frequently. Notably, a significant portion included organ meats (42% weekly) and bone broth (52% monthly), suggesting a focus on nutrient density. Compliance with the diet, defined by the avoidance of plant-based foods, was reported as very high, with most participants rarely or never consuming legumes, grains, starchy or non-starchy vegetables, fruits, sugar, and processed foods.
Self-Reported Health Benefits: Contrary to conventional dietary norms, participants reported significant improvements in various health aspects. The vast majority (95%) noted improvements in overall health. Other frequently reported benefits included better appetite control (91%), increased energy (89%), enhanced mental clarity (85%) and focus (83%), and improvements in strength (78%), endurance (76%), sleep, and chronic conditions (69%). Notably, participants with diabetes reported reductions in BMI, glycated hemoglobin, and diabetes medication use.
Varied Impact on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: While many health markers improved, the study found a mixed impact on cardiovascular disease risk factors. LDL-cholesterol was "markedly elevated" in a subset reporting current lipids, while HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were in an optimal range. The researchers noted that LDL elevation with low triglycerides might indicate a lower-risk subtype.
Low Prevalence of Adverse Effects: Participants reported a low prevalence of adverse symptoms, with most queried symptoms either improving or remaining stable. New or worsened symptoms like diarrhea, constipation, and muscle cramps were reported by a small percentage (between 1% and 5.5%).
High Satisfaction Levels: The study revealed high levels of satisfaction among participants, with 98% being either very satisfied or satisfied with the carnivore diet.
Study Limitations: The researchers acknowledged significant limitations, primarily the reliance on self-reported data, which is susceptible to recall and reporting bias. The study did not include objective measurements or a control group, limiting the ability to establish causality. The recruitment through social media also introduces potential selection bias, as those experiencing negative effects might have discontinued the diet and not participated.
Historical Context and Future Research: The study highlights the historical precedent of animal-based diets in certain populations and for managing conditions like diabetes before the advent of insulin. The authors call for further research, including long-term studies with objective measures, to better understand the effects and sustainability of the carnivore diet.
Most Important Ideas and Facts (with quotes where appropriate):
Groundbreaking Study: The Harvard Carnivore Diet Study is described as the "first significant study into the carnivore diet" by a prestigious institution, underscoring the growing interest in this dietary approach.
Large Sample Size: The study surveyed over 2,000 individuals ("over 2,000 individuals who follow this diet"), providing a substantial dataset for analysis of self-reported experiences.
Key Motivations: "93% of the participants stated that the main reason for starting the carnivore diet was health and weight loss." Specific health reasons included body weight, focus/energy, allergy/skin/autoimmunity, and digestive health.
Dietary Staples: "Dominating the diet, 85% of participants consumed beef, bison, lamb, goat, or venison daily, making it the cornerstone of their nutritional intake." Eggs and high-fat dairy were also frequently consumed.
High Compliance: "Participants exhibited a high level of compliance with the carnivore diet ethos, avoiding foods typically excluded from the diet." For example, "69% never consumed non-starchy vegetables," "79% never consumed grains," and "78% never consumed sugar."
Significant Health Improvements: "A striking 95% reported improvements in their overall health status." Other notable improvements included appetite control (91%), energy (89%), and mental clarity (85%).
Diabetes Management: "Among the 262 respondents with type 1 diabetes mellitus or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)... Diabetes medication use was significantly reduced. All respondents with diabetes discontinued noninsulin injection agents, 84% discontinued oral medications, and 92% of participants with T2DM discontinued insulin." This highlights potentially significant impacts on glycemic control.
Mixed Lipid Profile: "Among a subset reporting current lipids, LDL-cholesterol was markedly elevated (172 mg/dL), whereas HDL-cholesterol (68 mg/dL) and triglycerides (68 mg/dL) were optimal." This finding warrants further investigation into the long-term cardiovascular implications.
Low Adverse Effects: "Reported prevalence of adverse effects or symptoms consistent with nutritional deficiency was generally low (<1% to 5.5%)."
High Satisfaction: "The participants of the survey also reported a high level of satisfaction with the carnivore diet with 98% being either very satisfied or satisfied."
Self-Reported Data Limitation: "The reliance on self-reported data introduces potential inaccuracies in recalling exact dietary intake and health changes." This is a crucial caveat for interpreting the study's findings.
Need for Further Research: "The generalizability of these findings and the long-term effects of this dietary pattern require further study." The authors emphasize that this initial study lays the groundwork for more rigorous investigations.
Conclusion:
The Harvard Carnivore Diet Study provides valuable preliminary insights into the characteristics, motivations, dietary habits, and self-reported health status of a large group of adults following a carnivore diet. While the findings suggest potential health benefits and high satisfaction, particularly in areas like overall health, energy, mental function, and diabetes management, the study's reliance on self-reported data and the lack of a control group necessitate cautious interpretation. The mixed impact on cardiovascular risk factors also warrants further investigation. This study serves as a significant first step in understanding the carnivore diet and highlights the need for more comprehensive and long-term research to validate these findings and determine the diet's long-term safety and efficacy.
convert_to_textConvert to source
The provided text is an article from the website Live Ancestral summarizing a 2021 Harvard study that investigated the effects of the carnivore diet on adults. This study, titled "Behavioral Characteristics and Self-Reported Health Status among 2029 Adults Consuming a 'Carnivore Diet'," surveyed over 2000 participants who had followed the diet for at least six months. The article highlights the study's findings, which indicated that many participants reported significant health improvements in conditions like diabetes, gastrointestinal issues, and obesity. Despite these positive self-reported outcomes, the article also acknowledges the study's limitations, such as its reliance on self-reported data without objective measurements. Ultimately, the piece concludes that the Harvard study offers preliminary evidence supporting some benefits of the carnivore diet and suggests further research is warranted.
The primary goal of the Harvard Carnivore Diet Study was to gather descriptive data on the nutritional practices and health status of a large group of individuals following a carnivore diet. The findings of the study were published in the journal Current Developments in Nutrition.
The Harvard Carnivore Diet Study participants had a median age of 44 years, with a range from 18 to 85 years. The majority of the participants (67%) identified as male, with the remaining identifying as female or other.
The most frequently cited reasons for starting the carnivore diet were health and weight loss, with 93% of participants indicating this as their primary motivation. Specific health reasons included improvements in body weight/composition, focus and energy, and allergy/skin/autoimmunity.
The most commonly consumed food groups reported daily or more often were red meat (beef, bison, lamb, goat, or venison) and eggs. High-fat dairy like cheese and cream were also frequently consumed daily by a significant portion of participants.
The majority of participants (81%) reported eating one to two times per day, with 64% eating twice a day and 17% eating once a day. This suggests a trend towards fewer, more substantial meals among carnivore dieters in the study.
Participants in the study exhibited a high level of compliance with the carnivore diet, largely avoiding foods typically excluded such as legumes, grains, starchy and non-starchy vegetables, fruits, sugary foods, and non-calorie sweeteners, with compliance rates often exceeding 70%.
Some of the most significant self-reported health improvements included 95% reporting improvements in overall health and 91% experiencing better appetite control and reduced food cravings. Additionally, many reported increases in energy, mental clarity, and focus.
The study found that among a subset of participants reporting current lipid levels, LDL-cholesterol was markedly elevated. However, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were generally in optimal ranges.
The study indicated that the majority of participants (59%) never used electrolyte supplements, while 17% used them daily and the remainder used them sporadically. Regarding vitamin supplements, 37% reported no use of any vitamin supplements.
The key limitations acknowledged by the researchers included the reliance on self-reported data, which introduces potential inaccuracies and biases, and the lack of objective verification of dietary intake and health improvements. The potential for selection bias due to the online survey recruitment was also noted.
Frequently Asked Questions about the Harvard Carnivore Diet Study
What was the primary goal and methodology of the Harvard Carnivore Diet Study?
The primary goal of the Harvard Carnivore Diet Study was to gather descriptive data on the nutritional practices and self-reported health status of a large group of adults who have been consuming a carnivore diet for at least six months. The methodology involved an online survey conducted between March and June 2020. Participants were recruited from carnivore diet communities on social media platforms. The survey interrogated various aspects, including motivation for adopting the diet, dietary intake patterns (frequency and types of animal foods consumed), perceived health status (both before and during the diet), any symptoms suggestive of nutritional deficiencies or adverse effects, satisfaction with the diet, prior and current health conditions, anthropometric data (like weight and height), and any available laboratory data (like cholesterol levels and blood glucose).
Who were the participants in the Harvard Carnivore Diet Study and what were their main motivations?
The study included 2,029 adult participants who had been following a carnivore diet for a minimum of six months. The median age of participants was 44 years, and 67% were male. Geographically, the majority were from the United States and Canada (64%), followed by Europe (11%) and Australia (8%). In terms of education, nearly two-thirds (64%) had a tertiary education. The overwhelming majority (93%) of participants reported that their main reason for starting the carnivore diet was for health and weight loss. Within health reasons, the most common specific motivations included improving body weight/body composition (78%), enhancing focus and energy (74%), addressing allergies, skin issues, and autoimmunity (56%), improving digestive health (52%), boosting athletic performance (46%), supporting mental health (45%), and managing diabetes (11%).
What did the participants typically eat on the carnivore diet according to the study?
The cornerstone of the participants' carnivore diet was ruminant meat (beef, bison, lamb, goat, venison), which was consumed daily or more often by 85%. Eggs (44%) and high-fat dairy products like cheese and cream (43%) were also frequently consumed daily. Pork was another significant component, with 13% eating it daily and 53% weekly. Poultry and fish were consumed less frequently, with only a small percentage eating them daily but more including them weekly. Notably, 42% consumed organ meats weekly, and 52% included bone broth monthly, indicating a focus on nutrient density. Milk consumption was varied, with 65% abstaining. The use of herbs and spices was less common, with 21% using them daily, while 36% consumed salt liberally. Most participants (61%) preferred high-fat meats.
How often did participants eat and what were their beverage choices on the carnivore diet?
The majority of participants (81%) reported eating one to two meals per day, with 64% eating twice a day and 17% eating once a day. Regarding beverages, coffee was popular, with 57% drinking it daily, while tea was less so (12% daily). Alcohol consumption was generally low; most participants avoided beer (83%) and low-carb beers/seltzers (86%). Wine consumption was also limited, with 57% not drinking it at all. Electrolyte supplement use was divided, with 59% never using them and 17% taking them daily.
What were the self-reported health outcomes experienced by participants in the Harvard Carnivore Diet Study?
Participants reported significant improvements in various aspects of their health after adopting the carnivore diet. A striking 95% reported improvements in their overall health. Many also experienced better appetite control (91%), increased energy (89%), improved mental clarity (85%), and enhanced focus (83%). Physical performance, including strength (78%) and endurance (76%), also saw positive changes. Furthermore, 69% reported improved sleep and better management of chronic diseases. Participants with diabetes reported notable benefits, including reductions in BMI and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), as well as a significant decrease or discontinuation of diabetes medications (84% to 100% depending on the type of medication). Overall, 98% of participants reported being either very satisfied or satisfied with the carnivore diet.
Were there any adverse effects or nutritional deficiencies reported by the participants?
Contrary to some expectations, the study found that participants reported minimal adverse effects. The prevalence of adverse symptoms was generally low (ranging from less than 1% to 5.5%). The most commonly reported new or worsened symptoms included diarrhea (5.5%), constipation (3.1%), weight gain (2.3%), and muscle cramps (4.0%). Symptoms potentially indicative of nutritional deficiencies, such as hair loss, insomnia, and dry skin, were reported in less than 2% of participants as new or worsened, and the majority reported improvement or no change in these areas. Importantly, the prevalence and incidence of symptoms were not increased in participants who reported not taking vitamin supplements or consuming organ meats or dairy.
What were the limitations of the Harvard Carnivore Diet Study?
The Harvard Carnivore Diet Study had several limitations, primarily stemming from its reliance on self-reported data. This introduces the potential for inaccuracies in recalling dietary intake and health changes, as well as reporting biases. Objective verification of the reported eating habits and health improvements was not feasible. Additionally, the study's recruitment through social media carnivore diet communities introduces a selection bias, as individuals who experienced adverse effects or did not find the diet beneficial were likely not included. The study also did not collect detailed information on participants' diet and lifestyle habits before starting the carnivore diet, making it difficult to establish a direct causal link between the diet and the reported outcomes. The long-term effects of this dietary pattern also require further investigation.
What are the key takeaways from the Harvard Carnivore Diet Study?
Despite its limitations, the Harvard Carnivore Diet Study provides novel insights into the experiences of a large group of adults consuming a carnivore diet. The key takeaways include that, contrary to common expectations, participants reported few adverse effects and instead experienced numerous self-reported health benefits and high satisfaction. The study challenges conventional dietary norms that heavily emphasize plant-based foods and often criticize meat-centric diets. The positive outcomes reported, particularly in areas like weight loss, energy levels, mental clarity, and management of chronic conditions like diabetes, warrant further rigorous scientific investigation into the potential role of animal-based diets in health and wellness. The study also highlights the diverse ways individuals implement the carnivore diet in terms of food choices and eating habits.
convert_to_textConvert to source
harvard_carnivore_diet_study_2020.pdf
Summary
This document presents the findings of a 2020 Harvard-affiliated study investigating the behavioral characteristics and self-reported health status of over 2000 adults consuming a "carnivore diet" for at least six months. The study, based on a social media survey, aimed to address the lack of knowledge surrounding this dietary approach, which emphasizes animal foods and excludes most or all plant-based items. Participants reported their motivations, eating patterns, perceived health changes, and satisfaction. The study's purpose was to provide descriptive data on this eating style, with results suggesting that contrary to common concerns, participants reported few adverse effects and experienced health benefits, although cardiovascular risk factors showed mixed results, highlighting the need for further research on the long-term effects and generalizability of this dietary pattern.
Discuss Carnivore diet effects.
The Harvard Carnivore Diet Study, the first significant research into this dietary regimen, surveyed over 2,000 individuals following the carnivore diet and published its findings in the journal Current Developments in Nutrition on November 2, 20211 . This study provides insights into the behavioral characteristics and self-reported health status of adults consuming a carnivore diet2 ....
Motivations for Adopting the Carnivore Diet:
•
A compelling 93% of participants embarked on the carnivore diet primarily to enhance their health and facilitate weight loss4 ....
•
Specific health objectives included:
◦
78% for body weight and composition improvements4 ....
◦
74% sought to boost their focus and energy levels4 ....
◦
56% aimed to address allergies, skin issues, and autoimmune conditions4 ....
◦
52% were motivated by digestive health benefits4 ....
◦
46% adopted the diet to enhance athletic performance4 ....
◦
45% hoped to improve mental health4 ....
◦
11% targeted diabetes management4 ....
Self-Reported Health Improvements:
•
A striking 95% reported improvements in their overall health status7 ....
•
91% experienced better hunger management and reduced food cravings7 ....
•
Notable increases were reported in energy (89%), mental clarity (85%), and focus (83%)7 ....
•
Improvements were also seen in strength (78%) and endurance (76%)7 ....
•
69% reported improved sleep and management of chronic diseases, alongside enhancements in memory (66%)7 ....
Impact on Chronic Conditions:
•
Remarkable progress was observed in managing chronic conditions, with nearly all participants reporting improved or resolved diabetes (98%), gastrointestinal (97%), musculoskeletal (96%), and psychiatric symptoms (96%)10 ....
•
Significant improvements were reported in overweight/obesity (93%) and hypertension (93%), with mean BMI dropping from 27.2 to 24.310 ....
•
84% reported improvement or resolution of cardiovascular issues and 89% in autoimmune conditions11 ....
Reduction in Medication Use:
•
A drastic reduction in medication use was reported, including complete discontinuation of diabetes injectables (100%) and significant decreases in insulin and oral diabetes medications10 .... 92% of participants with type 2 diabetes discontinued insulin altogether, and 84% discontinued oral diabetes medications14 ....
Dietary Habits:
•
Ruminant meat (beef, bison, lamb, goat, venison) was the cornerstone, consumed daily by 85% of participants18 ....
•
Eggs (44%) and high-fat dairy (cheese and cream, 43%) were also commonly consumed daily18 ....
•
Consumption of plant-based foods like legumes (89%), grains (79%), and starchy vegetables (74%) was largely avoided21 ....
•
Most participants (81%) ate one to two times per day26 ....
Beverage Consumption:
•
Coffee (57%) was enjoyed daily by a significant portion, while tea was less popular (12% daily)21 ....
•
Consumption of alcoholic beverages was notably low21 ....
Electrolyte Supplements:
•
Usage was divided, with 59% never using them26 ....
Adverse Effects and Satisfaction:
•
Contrary to some expectations, participants reported minimal adverse effects8 ....
•
The level of satisfaction with the carnivore diet was overwhelmingly positive, with 98% expressing satisfaction14 ....
Study Limitations:
•
The study primarily relied on self-reported data from an online survey, which introduces potential inaccuracies in recalling dietary habits and health changes15 ....
•
Objective verification of reported eating habits and health improvements was not feasible15 ....
•
The study did not obtain physiological or biochemical measurements38 ....
•
The generalizability of the findings is unknown due to potential selection bias40 ....
Despite these limitations, the Harvard Carnivore Diet Study provides evidence suggesting that the carnivore diet may have health benefits for some individuals, warranting further rigorous research44 .... The involvement of a prestigious institution like Harvard highlights the growing interest in this dietary approach47 ....
keep_pinSave to note
copy_all
thumb_up
thumb_down
Discuss Self-reported health status.
The Harvard Carnivore Diet Study, which surveyed over 2,000 individuals following a carnivore diet, collected data on their self-reported health status1 .... The study found that, contrary to some common expectations, participants reported few adverse effects and instead experienced health benefits and high satisfaction with their dietary choice3 ....
Here are some key aspects of the self-reported health status from the study:
Overall Health Improvements:
•
A striking 95% of participants reported improvements in their overall health status4 ....
Improvements in Well-being:
•
91% experienced better hunger management and reduced food cravings4 ....
•
There were notable increases in energy (89%), mental clarity (85%), and focus (83%)4 ....
•
Sleep improved for 69% of participants, and memory improved for 66%4 ....
Improvements in Physical Performance:
•
Strength (78%) and endurance (76%) also saw positive changes4 ....
Management of Chronic Conditions:
•
69% reported improved management of chronic diseases4 ....
•
Remarkable progress was observed in managing specific chronic conditions, with a high percentage of participants reporting improvement or resolution in:
◦
Diabetes and insulin resistance (98%)8 ...
◦
Gastrointestinal conditions (97%)8 ...
◦
Musculoskeletal issues (96%)8 ...
◦
Psychiatric symptoms (96%)8 ...
◦
Overweight/obesity (93%), with a mean BMI decrease from 27.2 to 24.38 ...
◦
Hypertension (93%)8 ...
◦
Urologic issues (92%)8 ...
◦
Dermatologic issues (92%)8 ...
◦
Autoimmune conditions (89%)8 ...
◦
Cardiovascular issues (84%)8 ...
Reduction in Medication Use:
•
A significant reduction in medication use was reported, including:
◦
Complete discontinuation of diabetes injectables (100%)10 ...
◦
Significant decreases in insulin, with 92% of type 2 diabetics discontinuing insulin altogether10 ...
◦
Discontinuation or decrease of insulin by 90%12 ...
◦
Discontinuation of oral diabetes medications by 84%10 ...
Participant Satisfaction:
•
The level of satisfaction with the carnivore diet was overwhelmingly positive, with 98% of participants expressing satisfaction12 ....
Adverse Effects:
•
The reported prevalence of adverse effects or symptoms potentially linked to nutritional deficiency was generally low (ranging from <1% to 5.5%) and often preceded the diet15 .... These included issues like gastrointestinal problems (diarrhea, constipation), muscle cramps, and hair loss15 ....
Limitations of Self-Reported Data:
•
The study's methodology relied on self-reported data from an online survey, which introduces potential limitations13 ....
•
There may be inaccuracies in recalling exact dietary intake and health changes over extended periods13 ....
•
Objective verification of reported eating habits and health improvements was not feasible, adding a layer of uncertainty to the findings13 ....
•
Recall and reporting bias may have influenced the data and results13 .... Participants who experienced benefits might be more likely to respond and report positive outcomes20 .
Despite these limitations, the consistently positive self-reported health outcomes across a large group of participants are noteworthy and suggest a potential for health benefits associated with the carnivore diet5 .... The researchers acknowledge the need for further empirical research to substantiate these findings21 ....
keep_pinSave to note
copy_all
thumb_up
thumb_down
Discuss Dietary intake patterns.
The Harvard Carnivore Diet Study provides detailed insights into the dietary intake patterns of its participants1 .
Mainstay Foods:
•
Ruminant meat (beef, bison, lamb, goat, or venison) was the most commonly consumed food, with 85% of participants reporting daily consumption2 .... This was considered the cornerstone of their nutritional intake2 .
•
Eggs were a staple for 44% of participants, who consumed them daily2 ....
•
High-fat dairy in the form of cheese and cream was consumed daily by 43% of participants2 ....
•
Pork was a daily choice for 13%, while 53% included pork weekly, indicating a less frequent but still significant role2 ....
•
Poultry and fish were consumed less frequently. Only 2.5% ate poultry daily, with 38% consuming it weekly. Similarly, 3.5% ate fish daily, and 36% weekly2 ....
•
Organ meats were consumed weekly by 42% of participants, and bone broth was integrated monthly or more frequently by 52%, highlighting a focus on nutrient density2 ....
•
Milk was consumed weekly or more frequently by only 17%, while a significant 65% abstained from milk, reflecting dietary customization2 ....
Nutritional and Cooking Preferences:
•
The majority (61%) opted for high-fat meats, with 37% choosing moderate fat levels, indicating a preference for richer energy sources9 .... Only 2% chose lean meat10 ....
•
Participants were almost evenly split between grain-finished (54%) and grass-fed and finished (46%) meat, suggesting varied priorities in meat sourcing9 ....
•
Preferences for doneness ranged, with 45% favoring medium-rare, showing diverse tastes within the community9 .... Other preferences included rare (29%), medium (15%), medium well (6%), and raw (2%)10 ....
Beverage Choices:
•
A significant 57% of participants enjoyed coffee daily, whereas tea was less popular, with only 12% drinking it daily5 .... Notably, 24% abstained from coffee and 51% from tea10 ....
•
Alcohol consumption was notably low. A vast majority avoided beer (83%) and low-carb beers/seltzers (86%)13 .... Wine was not drunk at all by 57%, with only 1.1% consuming it daily13 .... Similarly, spirits were not consumed by 55%, with only 0.5% drinking them daily13 ....
Meal Frequency and Electrolyte Supplements:
•
Most participants (81%) ate one to two times per day, demonstrating a trend towards fewer, more substantial meals12 .... Specifically, 64% ate twice a day and 17% ate once a day12 ....
•
Electrolyte supplement usage was divided, with 59% never using them, 17% taking them daily, and the remainder using them sporadically16 ....
Dietary Compliance:
•
Participants exhibited a high level of compliance with the carnivore diet ethos, largely avoiding foods typically excluded5 .... High rates of avoidance were reported for:
◦
Legumes (89%)19 ...
◦
Grains (79%)19 ...
◦
Starchy vegetables (74%)19 ...
◦
Sugary foods and desserts (78% and 75% never consumed, respectively)19 ...
◦
Non-calorie sweeteners (65% never consumed)19 ...
◦
Fruits (66% never consumed)19 ...
◦
Non-starchy vegetables (69% never consumed)19 ...
Condiments, Herbs, Spices, and Salt:
•
Condiments were rarely used, with only 1.7% reporting daily use and 53% reporting no use6 .
•
Herbs and spices were more common, used at least daily by 21% of participants2 ....
•
Salt was consumed liberally by 36% of the participants2 ....
These detailed insights reveal a significant emphasis on animal products, particularly ruminant meat, eggs, and high-fat dairy, with a substantial avoidance of plant-based foods and a tendency towards fewer daily meals among the participants in the Harvard Carnivore Diet Study9 .
keep_pinSave to note
copy_all
thumb_up
thumb_down
Discuss Nutritional deficiencies.
Concerns about nutritional deficiencies are commonly raised regarding the carnivore diet due to its exclusion of most or all plant-based foods1 .... These concerns stem from the understanding that a varied diet including both plant and animal sources is generally recommended to meet human nutritional needs4 . It is thought that a strictly animal-based diet could lead to significant nutritional deficiencies3 .
However, the Harvard Carnivore Diet Study, based on self-reported data from over 2,000 participants, offered some insights into this issue5 .
Low Prevalence of Self-Reported Symptoms Suggestive of Nutritional Deficiencies:
•
The study found that the prevalence of adverse symptoms potentially indicative of nutritional deficiencies was generally low, ranging from less than 1% to 5.5%2 ....
•
These symptoms included gastrointestinal issues (3.1%–5.5%), muscular problems (0.3%–4.0%), and dermatologic issues (0.1%–1.9%)2 ....
•
Worsening or new presentation of symptoms such as dermatological, cognitive, or neurological issues (which could be associated with vitamin deficiencies) was reported in less than 2% of survey participants7 .
•
The majority of participants reported improvements, resolution, or no change in these symptoms, regardless of their intake of vitamin supplements, organ meat, or dairy7 .
Dietary Intake and Potential Nutrient Sources:
•
While the diet heavily emphasized ruminant meat, many participants also consumed eggs (44% daily) and high-fat dairy (43% daily), which can provide various nutrients8 ....
•
Notably, 42% consumed organ meats weekly, which are known to be nutrient-dense8 ....
Limitations of the Study Regarding Nutritional Deficiencies:
•
The researchers explicitly state that the study did not objectively assess nutrient status2 .... Therefore, it is unknown whether clinical or subclinical symptoms of nutrient deficiency were present7 .
•
The study relied on self-reported data, which is prone to recall and reporting bias. Participants might not accurately recall symptoms or may attribute them to other factors11 ....
•
The study did not assess portion sizes or other quantitative intake characteristics, making it difficult to determine the actual nutrient intake of participants12 .
Alternative Perspectives on Nutrient Needs:
•
The study authors note that it is possible that requirements for some micronutrients may be lower than the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) established for the general population in the context of a low-carbohydrate carnivore diet15 . This could be related to changes in gut microbiome, whole-body metabolism, and nutrient utilization15 .
•
A perspective mentioned in the background of the original study suggests that all essential nutrients can presumably be derived in sufficient amounts from animal foods, particularly less commonly consumed parts like fat and organ meats10 .... However, the availability of certain nutrients like vitamin C, which is not abundant in muscle meats and can be affected by cooking, is a point of interest10 .
Conclusion Based on the Study:
While the Harvard Carnivore Diet Study found a low prevalence of self-reported adverse effects potentially linked to nutritional deficiencies and high levels of satisfaction, it is crucial to recognize that the study did not include objective measures of nutrient status. Therefore, it cannot definitively conclude whether participants were meeting all their nutritional needs or experiencing subclinical deficiencies. The study highlights the need for further research, including studies with objective nutritional assessments, to fully understand the long-term nutritional implications of the carnivore diet2 ....
keep_pinSave to note
copy_all
thumb_up
thumb_down
Discuss Study participants' motivations.
The Harvard Carnivore Diet Study meticulously surveyed over 2,000 individuals to understand their motivations for adopting a carnivore diet1 . The study revealed that a significant majority of participants were driven by the pursuit of better health and weight management2 ....
Here's a breakdown of the study participants' motivations:
•
Primary Motivation: An overwhelming 93% of participants stated that their main reason for starting the carnivore diet was to enhance their health and facilitate weight loss2 ....
•
Specific Health Objectives: When participants were asked to elaborate on their health motivations, several specific goals emerged2 ...:
◦
78% were seeking improvements in body weight and body composition2 ....
◦
74% aimed to boost their focus and energy levels2 ....
◦
56% were motivated by a desire to address allergies, skin issues, and autoimmune conditions2 ....
◦
52% hoped to experience digestive health benefits2 ....
◦
46% adopted the diet to enhance athletic performance2 ....
◦
45% were seeking to improve their mental health2 ....
◦
A smaller segment, 11%, specifically targeted diabetes management2 ....
•
Other Motivations: While health and weight loss were the predominant drivers, other reasons for adopting the carnivore diet were also reported, although by smaller percentages9 :
◦
33% cited food preference.
◦
15% were driven by curiosity.
◦
9% had ethical reasons.
◦
13% reported other reasons.
The study highlights that the carnivore diet attracts individuals across a broad range of health concerns, with a strong emphasis on weight management, energy enhancement, and the alleviation of various health conditions10 . The fact that 93% of participants were motivated by health reasons underscores the perceived effectiveness of this dietary approach in addressing these concerns2 ....
keep_pinSave to note
copy_all
thumb_up
thumb_down
5 sources
send
chevron_right
How did the study define dietary compliance?
What were self-reported mental health changes?
Glossary of Key Terms
Carnivore Diet: A dietary regimen that primarily or exclusively consists of animal products, such as meat, fish, eggs, and sometimes dairy.
Demographics: Statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it, such as age, sex, education, and income.
Dietary Adherence: The extent to which a person follows their prescribed or chosen diet.
Health Outcomes: The results of medical or health-related interventions or exposures, in this case, the effects of the carnivore diet on participants' health.
Lipid Profile: A panel of blood tests that measures different types of fats in the blood, including total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, which are indicators of cardiovascular health.
Nutrient Density: A measure of the nutrients a food provides relative to its calorie content. Animal products in a carnivore diet are often emphasized for their high nutrient density.
Self-Reported Data: Information provided by individuals about themselves, such as their dietary habits and health status, often collected through surveys or questionnaires.
Study Limitations: Factors that may affect the validity or generalizability of the research findings, such as reliance on self-reporting or selection bias.
Tertiary Education: Education at a level beyond that of secondary school, typically including college, university, or vocational training.
Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c): A measure of average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months, commonly used to monitor diabetes management.
convert_to_textConvert to source
•
Harvard Carnivore Diet Study.wav - Author: Lenny and Maria Deep Dive Podcast Show Review - URL: Not applicable (audio file)
•
Harvard Carnivore Diet Study: Comprehensive Insights and Implications - Just Hope Healing Center - Author: Just Hope Healing Center - URL: justhopehealingcenter.com (justhopehealingcenter.com)
•
Harvard Study on the Carnivore Diet (Easy Summary) | Live Ancestral - Author: Live Ancestral Team - URL: liveancestral.com (liveancestral.com)
•
The Carnivore Diet Experience of 2029 People – A Harvard Study - Author: Sophia Le, PhD - URL: eatwellstayvibrant.com (eatwellstayvibrant.com)
•
The Harvard Carnivore Diet Study: Findings and Takeaway - Dr. Robert Kiltz - Author: Liam McAuliffe - URL: drrobertkiltz.com (drrobertkiltz.com)
•
Behavioral Characteristics and Self-Reported Health Status among 2029 Adults Consuming a “Carnivore Diet” - Author: Belinda S Lennerz, Jacob T Mey, Owen H Henn, and David S Ludwig - URL: academic.oup.com/cdn/article/5/12/nzab133/6414057 (academic.oup.com/cdn/article/5/12/nzab133/6414057)
keep_pinSave to note
copy_all
thumb_up
thumb_down
PODCAST NOTES
Discuss Harvard carnivore study.
The Harvard Carnivore Diet Study, formally titled "Behavioral Characteristics and Self-Reported Health Status among 2029 Adults Consuming a “Carnivore Diet”," published in Current Developments in Nutrition in November 2021, represents the first large-scale investigation into this increasingly popular dietary approach from a major institution like Harvard University1 .... The fact that Harvard undertook this research highlights the growing interest in the carnivore diet, fueled by figures like Joe Rogan, Jordan Peterson, and medical professionals such as Dr. Saladino, Dr. Kiltz, Dr. Berry, and Dr. Baker1 ....
The study aimed to understand who these individuals are, why they follow a primarily animal-based diet, what their diets consist of, and what health outcomes they report7 . It surveyed over 2,000 adults who had been consuming a carnivore diet for at least six months2 ....
Key Demographics and Motivations of Participants:
•
The study found a wide range in starting body weights, from 84 lbs to 388 lbs, with a median of 168 lbs8 .... This suggests the diet isn't solely for extreme weight loss13 .
•
A significant 64% held at least a college degree, indicating a level of intentionality and research-driven approach to their dietary choices11 .... This suggests they were likely actively seeking information and making informed decisions13 .
•
Economically, the group was varied: 20% reported high income, 66% middle income, and 14% low income11 .... This suggests the diet wasn't necessarily out of reach financially for this group15 .
•
The overwhelming primary reason for adopting the carnivore diet, cited by 93% of participants, was to improve their health and lose weight11 ....
•
Specific health objectives included:
◦
78% for body weight and composition improvements16 ....
◦
74% to boost focus and energy levels17 ....
◦
56% to address allergies, skin issues, and autoimmune conditions17 ....
◦
52% for digestive health benefits17 ....
◦
46% to enhance athletic performance17 ....
◦
45% hoping for improvements in mental health17 ....
◦
11% targeted diabetes management17 ....
Detailed Participant Insights - Dietary Habits:
•
Participants had been following the carnivore diet for a wide range of time, from 6 months to 28 years, with a median duration of 14 months4 .... This indicates sustained commitment for many24 ....
•
Ruminant meat (beef, bison, lamb, goat, venison) was central, with 85% reporting daily consumption4 ....
•
Eggs (44%) and high-fat dairy (cheese and cream, 43%) were also prominent daily staples27 ....
•
Pork was consumed less frequently but still notably: 13% daily and 53% weekly27 ....
•
Poultry (2.5% daily, 38% weekly) and fish (3.5% daily, 36% weekly) were even less frequent, suggesting a preference for red meat27 ....
•
A substantial 42% consumed organ meats weekly, and 52% used bone broth monthly, indicating a focus on nutrient density27 ....
•
Milk consumption was low, with 65% abstaining27 ....
•
The use of herbs, spices (21% daily), and salt (36% liberally) varied, suggesting some allowance for flavor27 ....
•
Nutritional preferences leaned towards higher fat meats (61%)37 ....
•
Meat quality choices were fairly even between conventionally raised (54%) and grass-fed (46%)37 ....
•
Cooking preference favored medium rare (45%)37 ....
•
Coffee was popular (57% daily), while tea was less so (12% daily)30 .... Alcohol consumption was notably low30 ....
•
Electrolyte supplement use was not common, with 59% reporting never using them47 ....
•
Meal frequency showed a trend towards eating less often, with 81% reporting one to two meals per day42 ....
•
Dietary compliance was reported as quite high, with most largely avoiding legumes, grains, vegetables, sugary foods, and fruits30 ....
Self-Reported Health Improvements:
•
An overwhelming 95% reported experiencing improvements in their overall health since starting the diet4 ....
•
Significant improvements were also reported in:
◦
Appetite control (91%)56 ....
◦
Energy levels (89%)56 ....
◦
Mental clarity (85%)56 ....
◦
Ability to focus (83%)56 ....
◦
Physical performance (strength: 78%, endurance: 76%)57 ....
◦
Sleep quality (69%)57 ....
◦
Memory function (66%)57 ....
•
Regarding chronic conditions:
◦
93% of overweight/obese participants saw improvements, with a mean BMI decrease from 27.2 to 24.34 ....
◦
93% of those with hypertension reported improvement or resolution65 ....
◦
97% with gastrointestinal issues reported improvements65 ....
◦
96% with musculoskeletal problems reported improvements65 ....
◦
96% with psychiatric symptoms reported improvements65 ....
◦
98% of participants with diabetes or insulin resistance reported significant improvement or resolution65 ....
•
Drastic reductions in medication use were reported, especially for diabetes:
◦
100% of those using diabetes injectables reported complete discontinuation65 ....
◦
Significant decreases were observed in the use of both insulin and oral diabetes medications65 ....
•
Participant satisfaction with the carnivore diet was exceptionally high at 98%66 ....
Limitations of the Study:
•
The study relied solely on self-reported data collected through an online survey, introducing potential recall and reporting bias74 ....
•
There was no objective verification of dietary intake or health outcomes through blood tests or medical records74 ....
Key Takeaways and Implications:
•
Despite the limitations, the self-reported positive experiences challenge conventional dietary guidelines that often emphasize plant-based foods83 ....
•
The study highlights the historical role of animal-based nutrition in various cultures83 ....
•
The fact that Harvard conducted this research adds a layer of credibility to the growing interest in this dietary approach81 ....
•
The overwhelmingly positive self-reported benefits underscore the need for further, more rigorous investigation with objective measurements to substantiate these findings and explore long-term effects87 ....
•
The consistency in motivations, dietary patterns, and positive feedback offers valuable insights that prompt reconsideration of common dietary assumptions92 .
•
The significant improvements reported in the management of chronic conditions, particularly diabetes, and the associated reductions in medication use are noteworthy and warrant further in-depth scientific investigation92 .
•
The study serves as a starting point for a larger and ongoing conversation about diet, health, and the role of individual experience in understanding nutrition93 .
In conclusion, the Harvard Carnivore Diet Study provides a compelling initial look into the experiences of a large group following this restrictive diet, highlighting significant self-reported health benefits and high satisfaction. However, the study's reliance on self-reported data necessitates further research with more rigorous methodologies to confirm these findings and assess the long-term safety and efficacy of the carnivore diet89 ....
keep_pinSave to note
copy_all
thumb_up
thumb_down
Discuss Primarily animal diet.
The sources discuss a primarily animal-based diet, often referred to as the carnivore diet, which involves consuming animal foods and excluding most or all plant foods1 . The Harvard Carnivore Diet Study represents the first large-scale look at this way of eating from a major institution2 .
Motivations for Adopting a Primarily Animal Diet:
•
The overwhelming primary reason for starting the carnivore diet among the over 2,000 participants was to improve their health and lose weight, with 93% citing this3 ....
•
Specific health objectives included:
◦
Improvements in body weight and body composition (78%)3 ....
◦
Boosting focus and energy levels (74%)4 ....
◦
Addressing allergies, skin issues, and autoimmune conditions (56%)4 ....
◦
Seeking digestive health benefits (52%)4 ....
◦
Enhancing athletic performance (46%)4 ....
◦
Improving mental health (45%)4 ....
◦
Managing diabetes (11%)4 ....
•
Some participants also followed the diet due to food preference (33%), curiosity (15%), or ethical reasons (9%)14 .
Dietary Intake Patterns:
•
Ruminant meat (beef, bison, lamb, goat, venison) was the cornerstone of the diet, with 85% of participants reporting daily consumption1 ....
•
Eggs (44%) and high-fat dairy like cheese and cream (43%) were also prominent daily staples16 ....
•
Pork was consumed less frequently but still notable, with 13% eating it daily and over half (53%) weekly16 ....
•
Poultry (2.5% daily, 38% weekly) and fish (3.5% daily, 36% weekly) were consumed even less frequently, indicating a preference for red meat16 ....
•
A significant portion (42%) consumed organ meats weekly, and 52% used bone broth monthly, suggesting an effort towards nutritional completeness16 ....
•
Milk consumption was low, with 65% abstaining16 ....
•
The use of herbs and spices varied, with 21% using them daily, while 36% used salt liberally16 ....
•
The majority (61%) preferred high-fat meats27 ....
•
Cooking preferences showed that 45% favored their meat cooked to medium rare27 ....
•
Coffee was popular (57% daily), while tea was less so (12% daily)19 .... Alcohol consumption was notably low19 ....
•
Electrolyte supplements were not commonly used, with 59% reporting never using them37 ....
•
Meal frequency showed a trend towards eating less often, with 81% reporting eating just one to two times per day32 ....
•
Dietary compliance was reported as quite high, with most participants largely avoiding legumes, grains, vegetables, sugary foods, and fruits19 ....
Self-Reported Health Outcomes:
•
An overwhelming 95% of participants reported improvements in their overall health since starting the carnivore diet1 ....
•
Significant improvements were also reported in:
◦
Appetite control (91%)11 ....
◦
Energy levels (89%)11 ....
◦
Mental clarity (85%)11 ....
◦
Ability to focus (83%)11 ....
◦
Physical strength (78%)11 ....
◦
Endurance (76%)11 ....
◦
Sleep quality (69%)11 ....
◦
Memory function (66%)11 ....
•
For those who were overweight or obese, 93% saw improvements, with a mean BMI decrease from 27.2 to 24.351 ....
•
93% of participants with hypertension reported improvements or resolution53 ....
•
Gastrointestinal issues improved in 97% of cases53 ....
•
Musculoskeletal problems improved in 96% of cases54 ....
•
Psychiatric symptoms improved in 96% of cases54 ....
•
98% of participants with diabetes or insulin resistance reported significant improvement or even complete resolution52 ....
•
There were drastic reductions in medication use, particularly among those with diabetes, with 100% of those using diabetes injectables reporting complete discontinuation52 .... Significant decreases were also observed in the use of insulin and oral diabetes medications52 ....
•
Participant satisfaction with the carnivore diet was exceptionally high, with 98% expressing satisfaction53 ....
•
Prevalence of adverse symptoms was low, generally ranging from less than 1% to 5.5%1 ....
Limitations of the Study:
•
The study relied solely on self-reported data collected through an online survey61 ....
•
This introduces potential limitations, including recall bias and reporting bias61 .... Participants in online communities may be more inclined to report positive outcomes66 ....
•
There was no objective verification of their dietary intake or health outcomes through blood tests or medical records for the entire cohort, although a subset did report lipid panel results1 ....
•
The study did not assess portion sizes or other quantitative intake characteristics and did not obtain detailed information on diet and lifestyle habits before beginning the carnivore diet70 .
•
The generalizability of the findings is unknown due to potential selection bias, as individuals who experienced adverse effects or no benefits were likely not included70 ....
Broader Implications:
•
The self-reported experiences in the study seem to challenge conventional dietary guidelines that often emphasize plant-based foods and advise caution regarding high meat consumption73 ....
•
The study brings to the forefront the historical and anthropological perspectives on human diets where animal-based nutrition has played a significant role73 ....
•
The fact that a respected institution like Harvard conducted this research adds a layer of credibility to the growing interest in this dietary approach77 ....
•
Despite its limitations, the study suggests that this is a topic that warrants further, more rigorous investigation using controlled studies with objective measurements to substantiate these findings and explore long-term effects72 ....
In conclusion, the Harvard Carnivore Diet Study provides a detailed snapshot of the experiences of over 2,000 individuals following a primarily animal diet. While the self-reported health benefits and high satisfaction levels are noteworthy, the study's reliance on self-reported data necessitates further research to objectively verify these findings and understand the long-term implications of this dietary pattern72 ....
keep_pinSave to note
copy_all
thumb_up
thumb_down
Discuss Self-reported health outcomes.
The Harvard Carnivore Diet Study, based on an online survey of over 2,000 adults consuming a carnivore diet for at least six months, revealed remarkably positive self-reported health outcomes1 ....
Overall Health and Well-being:
•
An overwhelming 95% of participants reported improvements in their overall health since starting the carnivore diet6 ....
•
Significant improvements were also noted in various aspects of well-being:
◦
Appetite control: 91% reported better hunger management6 ....
◦
Energy levels: 89% experienced increased energy6 ....
◦
Mental clarity: 85% reported improved mental clarity6 ....
◦
Focus: 83% noted better ability to focus6 ....
◦
Sleep quality: 69% reported improved sleep7 ....
◦
Memory function: 66% reported better memory7 ....
Physical Performance:
•
Improvements in physical capabilities were also reported:
◦
Strength: 78% reported increased strength7 ....
◦
Endurance: 76% reported increased endurance7 ....
Management of Chronic Conditions:
•
Participants reported substantial progress in managing various chronic health conditions12 ...:
◦
Overweight and Obesity: 93% of overweight or obese participants saw improvements, with a mean BMI decrease from 27.2 to 24.312 ....
◦
Hypertension: 93% of participants with hypertension reported improvement or resolution14 ....
◦
Gastrointestinal Issues: 97% reported improvements in gastrointestinal conditions14 ....
◦
Musculoskeletal Problems: 96% reported improvements14 ....
◦
Psychiatric Symptoms: 96% reported improvements14 ....
◦
Diabetes and Insulin Resistance: An impressive 98% reported significant improvement or resolution14 ....
◦
Autoimmune Conditions: 89% reported improvement or resolution14 ....
◦
Cardiovascular Issues: 84% reported improvement or resolution14 ....
◦
Urologic Issues: 92% reported improvement or resolution14 ....
◦
Dermatologic Issues: 92% reported improvement or resolution14 ....
Reduction in Medication Use:
•
The study reported significant reductions in medication use, particularly for diabetes13 ...:
◦
Diabetes Injectables: 100% of participants using diabetes injectables reported complete discontinuation13 ....
◦
Insulin: 90% discontinued or decreased insulin, with 92% of type 2 diabetics stopping insulin altogether13 ....
◦
Oral Diabetes Medications: 84% discontinued oral diabetes medications13 ....
Participant Satisfaction:
•
Overall satisfaction with the carnivore diet was exceptionally high, with 98% of participants expressing satisfaction16 ....
Limitations of Self-Reported Data:
•
It is crucial to acknowledge that this study relied solely on self-reported data collected through an online survey, which has inherent limitations22 ....
•
Recall bias might have influenced participants' ability to accurately remember their past health status and dietary habits22 ....
•
Reporting bias is also a concern, as individuals who have chosen this specific diet and participate in related online communities might be more inclined to report positive outcomes22 ....
•
The study did not include objective verification of dietary intake or health outcomes through methods like blood tests or medical records for the entire group22 ....
Despite these limitations, the consistency of the positive self-reported outcomes across a large number of participants and a wide range of health aspects is noteworthy and warrants further, more rigorous scientific investigation28 .... The Harvard researchers themselves concluded that, contrary to common expectations, adults consuming a carnivore diet experienced few adverse effects and instead reported health benefits and high satisfaction8 .... However, they also emphasized the need for additional research to confirm these findings with objective measurements and to understand the long-term effects of this dietary pattern30 ....
keep_pinSave to note
copy_all
thumb_up
thumb_down
Discuss Chronic condition management.
Based on the Harvard Carnivore Diet Study and our previous discussion, participants self-reported significant progress in managing a variety of chronic health conditions after adopting the carnivore diet1 .... This was a key motivation for many individuals to try this dietary approach5 ....
Here's a breakdown of the self-reported improvements in chronic conditions:
•
Overweight/Obesity: 93% of participants who were overweight or obese reported improvement or resolution, with the group experiencing a mean BMI decrease from 27.2 to 24.3, moving them from the overweight to the healthy weight range2 ....
•
Hypertension: 93% of participants with hypertension reported either improvements in their condition or even complete resolution1 ....
•
Gastrointestinal Issues: 97% of those with gastrointestinal conditions reported improvements in their symptoms1 ....
•
Musculoskeletal Problems: 96% reported improvements or resolution of musculoskeletal issues1 ....
•
Psychiatric Symptoms: 96% reported improvements or resolution of psychiatric symptoms1 ....
•
Diabetes and Insulin Resistance: An astounding 98% of participants who had diabetes or insulin resistance reported significant improvement or even complete resolution of their condition3 .... This is a particularly noteworthy finding given the challenges associated with managing these metabolic disorders16 .
•
Cardiovascular Issues: 84% reported improvement or resolution of cardiovascular issues3 ....
•
Autoimmune Conditions: 89% reported improvement or resolution of autoimmune conditions3 ....
•
Urologic Issues: 92% reported improvement or resolution3 ....
•
Dermatologic Issues: 92% reported improvement or resolution3 ....
Furthermore, the study highlighted drastic reductions in medication use, particularly among those with diabetes2 .... Among participants who were using diabetes injectables, 100% reported complete discontinuation. Significant decreases were also observed in the use of both insulin (90% discontinued or decreased, with 92% of type 2 diabetics discontinuing insulin altogether) and oral diabetes medications (84% discontinued)2 ....
It is crucial to remember that these outcomes are based on self-reported data from an online survey21 .... The study did not include objective verification of these reported improvements through medical records or physiological measurements21 .... Therefore, while these self-reported benefits are compelling and challenge conventional dietary guidelines, further rigorous research with objective measures is needed to substantiate these findings30 .... The consistency of the reported improvements across a large number of participants is interesting and warrants further scientific investigation34 ....
keep_pinSave to note
copy_all
thumb_up
thumb_down
Discuss High participant satisfaction.
The Harvard Carnivore Diet Study reported a remarkably high level of participant satisfaction, with 98% of the over 2,000 participants expressing satisfaction with their dietary choice1 .... This overwhelmingly positive sentiment is a key finding of the study and suggests that the individuals following this dietary approach generally feel it is working well for them1 ....
Here are some points to consider regarding this high level of satisfaction, drawing from the sources:
•
Correlation with Reported Health Improvements: This high satisfaction rate aligns with the widespread self-reported health benefits experienced by the participants5 .... As we discussed previously, an overwhelming 95% reported improvements in their overall health, and significant positive changes were noted across various aspects of physical and mental well-being, as well as in the management of chronic conditions5 .... The perception of these substantial health gains likely contributes significantly to their satisfaction with the diet5 ....
•
Meeting Individual Motivations: The participants were primarily motivated to adopt the carnivore diet to improve their health and lose weight17 .... The high satisfaction levels suggest that for many, the diet may have been successful in helping them achieve these initial goals, such as improvements in body weight and composition, energy levels, and management of specific health issues17 ....
•
Dietary Compliance: The study indicated a high level of compliance with the carnivore diet's restrictions28 .... This suggests that the participants were able to adhere to the diet and its limitations, which might also contribute to their satisfaction, perhaps by providing a sense of control over their eating and health28 ....
•
Social Aspects: Interestingly, the majority of participants reported that being on the carnivore diet did not negatively impact their social life, and that their medical providers and social circles were mostly neutral or supportive of their dietary choice33 .... This social acceptance could also play a role in their overall satisfaction with the lifestyle change33 ....
However, it is important to remember the limitations inherent in this self-reported data2 .... While the high satisfaction rate is a compelling finding, it is based on the participants' own assessments and could be influenced by factors such as reporting bias, where individuals who have chosen this diet and are part of related online communities might be more inclined to report positive experiences and satisfaction2 .... There was no objective measurement of their satisfaction levels2 ....
Despite these limitations, the consistently high level of satisfaction reported by such a large group of individuals warrants further attention and underscores the need for more rigorous research to understand the potential benefits and drawbacks of the carnivore diet39 .... The fact that so many individuals report being satisfied with this restrictive dietary approach, especially in the context of reported health improvements, suggests that it may be meeting certain needs and expectations for this specific population39 ....
keep_pinSave to note
copy_all
thumb_up
thumb_down
TRANSCRIPT OF PODCAST
Welcome to the daily briefs.infolennian Maria deepd dive podcast show review of the Harvard carnivore diet study. Today we're going to be diving deep into the Harvard carnivore diet study.
Welcome to the daily briefs.infelenny and Maria deep dive podcast show review of a Harvard carnivore diet study.
Yeah. So you shared some really interesting material with us. Uh articles from just hope healing center live ancestral Dr. Robert Kilts's website and the original Harvard PDF. Right.
Our mission in this deep dive is to really unpack what this research tells us about people eating a primarily animal-based diet. You know who they are, why they're doing it, what their diets actually look like, and what health outcomes they're reporting.
Yeah.
So, this study was published in Current Developments in Nutrition in November 2021, and it really represents a pretty significant moment. I think it's the first large-scale look at this increasingly talked about way of eating from a major institution like Harvard. I mean, you know, the fact that Harvard took this on really highlights the growing buzz around the carnivore diet fueled by figures like Joe Rogan and Jordan Peterson and medical voices such as Dr. Saladino, Dr. Kilts, Dr. Barry, and Dr. Baker.
Yeah.
So, with all that in mind, let's start by understanding who these over 2,000 participants were and what initially drew them to such a distinct dietary approach.
What's fascinating to look at the initial picture of these individuals, the study surveyed over 2,000 adults, and what immediately stands out is the sheer diversity in their starting body weights. We saw a range from from 84 lb to a much higher 388 lb with a median of 168 lb.
Wow.
This suggests that the carnivore diet isn't appealing to just one segment of the population based on size. It seemed to have drawn interest from people across a wide spectrum of body compositions.
That really challenges the idea that it's just a diet for extreme weight loss, doesn't it?
It does.
And it makes you wonder what the individual motivations were behind such different starting points.
Another aspect that caught my eye was the ational background of the participants, a significant 64% held at least a college degree. That suggests a level of intentionality and perhaps a more research-driven approach to their dietary choices rather than just following trends blindly.
That's a really insightful point. When we connect that to their motivations, it suggests that these weren't passive participants. They were likely actively seeking information and making informed decisions, or at least decisions based on their own research and understanding. It raises the question, did this level of education correlate with adherence or the types of outcomes they reported?
That's a great point.
It would be interesting to see.
And economically, the group also presented a varied picture. We saw 20% reporting high income, 66% middle income, and 14% low income.
Okay.
While there's a clear leaning towards the middle income bracket, it does suggest that at least for this group, the carnivore diet wasn't necessarily out of reach financially, which count There are some assumptions about meattheavy diets being inherently expensive.
Exactly. The distribution across income levels indicates that access to this way of eating wasn't limited to just one economic stratum. Now, let's dig deeper into that why. What were the primary reasons these individuals chose the carnivore diet?
Well, the overwhelming reason cited by a remarkable 93% of participants was to improve their health and lose weight.
Oh, wow.
That's a very clear and powerful primary driver for the vast majority. It makes you wonder what specific health challenges they were hoping to address.
That's where it gets more granular. Drilling down into those specific health objectives, a large majority, 78% were looking for improvements in their body weight and overall body composition. This strongly aligns with the weight loss aspect you mentioned.
But it wasn't solely about pounds lost, but also about changes in their physique.
Yeah. And right behind weight management, 74% started their goal was to boost focus and energy levels. That's a significant number seeking those kinds of mental and vitality benefits from a dietary change. It highlights that the motivation wasn't just about what they weighed, but how they felt and functioned daily.
Precisely. Then we see 56% aiming to address allergies, skin issues, and autoimmune conditions.
This suggests a significant portion were exploring the carnivore diet as a potential way to manage or alleviate these often chronic and challenging health problems. through elimination of other food groups.
And digestive health was also a key motivator for 52% of participants, which intuitively makes sense. Dietary changes can have a profound impact on the gut microbiome and overall digestive comfort. It speaks to the idea that many were seeking relief from things like bloating or other gastrointestinal issues, right?
Um, and it wasn't just about addressing existing problems. A notable 46% were looking to enhance their athletic performance.
Okay.
This indicates an interest in the diet, not just for general health, but for those seeking to optimize their physical capabilities, perhaps looking for improved strength, recovery, or endurance. Interestingly, mental health was another significant factor with 45% hoping for improvements in that area. It really underscores the growing awareness of the gut brain connection and how diet might influence psychological well-being. It makes you wonder what specific mental health aspects they were targeting.
And finally, while a smaller segment at 11%, the motivation for diabetes management is particular ly noteworthy. This suggests that some individuals were proactively exploring this rather unconventional diet as a potential therapeutic approach for a serious metabolic condition like diabetes or insulin resistance.
Wow.
It's a really interesting mix of motivations.
Yeah, this diverse set of goals really underscores the multifaceted appeal of the carnivore diet. People weren't just looking for one single outcome. They had a wide range of health improvements in mind when they decided to try this way of eating. Okay, so now we have a clearer picture. of who these people were and why they started. Let's move on to the specifics of what they actually ate and for how long they stuck with it.
This is where the details of their dietary habits become really informative. The study revealed that participants had been following the carnivore diet for surprisingly wide range of time. While some were relatively new to it, having been on it for about 6 months, others reported adhering to this dietary pattern for up to an incredible 28 years.
Wow.
The median duration was 14 months, which as you pointed out earlier, really speaks to a level of sustained commitment and suggests it wasn't just a fleeting experiment for many.
28 years, that's almost three decades. It really makes you wonder about their personal experiences and what kept them on such a restrictive diet for so long. And a median of 14 months definitely indicates a significant period of adherence for a large portion of the group. So, let's get into what they were actually eating.
Let's do that.
What were these people consuming on a daily basis?
Now, let's focus on the core of their diets. unsurprisingly ruminant meat thing think beef, bison, lamb, goat, and venison emerged as absolutely central. A whopping 85% of participants reported consuming these types of meat on a daily basis. This really underscores the foundational carnivore aspect of their dietary approach.
That's definitely the cornerstone we would expect. So, it wasn't just any animal product, but a strong emphasis on red meat. What about other animal- derived foods like eggs and dairy?
Eggs and high-fat dairy specifically. Things like cheese and cream were also quite prominent in their diets. 44% reported eating eggs every day and a similar 43% consumed high-fat dairy daily. These seem to function as significant and consistent secondary staples alongside the ruminant meat.
So, it wasn't exclusively muscle meat. It looks like a broader range of animal-based foods played a regular role for many. What about other meats like pork and poultry?
Pork was consumed less frequently than ruminant meat, but still held a notable place. 13% reported eating it daily and over half, 53% included pork in their diet on a weekly basis. Poultry and fish were even less frequent components. Only a small 2.5% ate poultry daily with 38% including it weekly. Fish consumption followed a similar pattern, suggesting a clear preference for red meat over other animal proteins for a majority of the participants.
That really aligns with the common understanding of the carnivore diet where red meat tends to be the primary focus.
Yes,
it's interesting. see the relatively lower frequency of poultry and fish. Now, what about nutrient-dense options like organ meats and bone broth?
Here's where we see a focus on nutritional completeness beyond just muscle meat. A substantial 42% of participants reported consuming organ meats on a weekly basis, and bone broth was used monthly by 52%. This indicates that a significant portion of the group was consciously incorporating these nutrient- richch foods, likely seeking a broader spectrum of vitamins and minerals.
That's a great point. Organ meat Meats in particular are often highlighted for their high concentration of micronutrients. What about dairy beyond cheese and creams, specifically milk?
Milk consumption was quite low within this group. A significant 65% of participants reported abstaining from milk altogether. This could be due to lactose sensitivities or simply a deliberate dietary choice within the carnivore framework of perhaps favoring higher fat options.
That makes sense given the emphasis on fat and the potential for lactose intolerance. And what about seasonings. Did they primarily eat their meat completely unseasoned?
The use of herbs, spices, and salt varied among the participants. 21% reported using herbs and spices on a daily basis, while a larger proportion, 36%, stated they use salt liberally. This suggests that while the diet restricts food groups, there was still some allowance for flavor enhancement through seasonings.
So, it wasn't necessarily a completely bland eating experience for everyone. What about the types of meat they preferred in terms of fat content and quality? Nutritional preferences lean towards higher fat meats for the majority with 61% indicating a preference for these cuts. Around 37% opted for moderate fat meats and only a very small percentage just 2% chose lean meats. Regarding meat quality, the choices were fairly evenly split between conventionally raised grain finished meat 54% and grass-fed or grass-finish options 46%. Cooking preferences showed that 45% favored their meat cooked to medium rare, indicating a common preference for less well-done preparations. The preference for high-fat meat likely contributes to satiety and energy on a very low carbohydrate diet.
Interesting. The preference for highfat meat definitely aligns with the low carb nature of the diet. And the near even split on meat quality is interesting, suggesting that both conventional and more premium options were part of their dietary choices. What about beverages? What do they typically drink?
Coffee was quite popular among the participants with 57% reporting daily consumption. Tea was less so with only 12% drinking it daily. Interestingly, alcohol consumption was notably low across the board. Most participants avoided beer, low carb beers or seltzers, and spirits. Wine consumption was also limited within this group.
So, it seems like water and coffee were the main stays for hydration. What about supplements, particularly electrolytes, which are sometimes a topic of discussion in low carbohydrate communities?
The use of electrolyte supplements wasn't a common practice among this group. A majority, 59%, reported never using them. This is quite interesting given the potential for electrolyte imbalances that can sometimes occur on very restrictive low carbohydrate diets. It makes you wonder if their dietary choices were providing sufficient electrolytes or if they simply weren't experiencing significant issues.
It is surprising. And what about the frequency of their meals? Did they tend to eat multiple times a day or follow a different pattern?
Meal frequency showed a clear trend towards eating less often. A significant 81 % of participants reported eating just one to two times per day. This pattern aligns with some of the satiety benefits often associated with high protein, high-fat diets, where individuals may feel full for longer periods.
One to two meals a day for the vast majority. That's a pretty significant departure from the more traditional three meals plus snacks model. Finally, how strict were they in adhering to the carnivore diets restrictions?
Dietary compliance was reported as being quite high. Most participants largely avoided food groups typically excluded on a carnivore diet such as legumes, grains, both starchy and non-starchy vegetables, sugary foods, desserts, non-calorie sweeteners, and fruits. This strict adherence really defines the commitment of this group to the carnivore approach.
Okay, so now we have a really detailed picture of who these individuals were and exactly what their carnivore diets look like, including the types of animal products, their preferences, and their eating patterns. Let's move on to what is arguably the most compelling aspect, the health improvements they self-reported. So, what did they actually find?
This is where the study presents some truly remarkable self-reported outcomes. An overwhelming 95% of participants reported experiencing improvements in their overall health since starting the carnivore diet. That is an exceptionally high level of positive feedback suggesting a widespread perception of benefit.
95% that's a very strong endorsement from the vast majority of participants. What about more specific health areas?
Well, significant improvement were also reported in areas like appetite control with 91% noting better hunger management. Energy level saw an improvement in 89% of participants, mental clarity in 85% and the ability to focus in 83%. These are all fundamental aspects of daily well-being and the high percentages suggest a substantial impact for many.
Those are indeed substantial percentages across a range of key indicators pointing to a widespread perception of positive changes in both physical and mental wellbeing. What about physical performance? Did they notice any differences there?
Yes, physical performance also saw notable gains. 78% reported experiencing increased strength and 76% reported increased endurance. These findings suggest that the carnivore diet might not only support but potentially enhance physical activity for those who follow it.
And it wasn't solely about the physical aspects, was it? What about sleep and memory, which are so crucial for overall health?
Indeed, sleep quality improved for 69% of participants and memory function was reported as better by 66%. These improvements in sleep and cognitive function further contribute to the overall picture of positive health changes reported on the carnivore diet.
Now, perhaps one of the most striking aspects of the study was the self-reported impact on the management of chronic conditions. What did the researchers find in that area?
This is where the self-reported data becomes particularly compelling and potentially significant. Participants reported substantial progress in managing a variety of chronic health conditions. For those who were overweight or obese, a remarkable 93% saw improvements with the group experiencing a mean BMI decrease from 27.2 to 24.3. This average shift moved them from the overweight category into the healthy weight range.
That's a really significant shift in BMI for a large group of people. What about other common chronic conditions like hypertension?
93% of participants who had hypertension reported either improvements in their condition or even complete resolution. Similarly, those with gastrointestinal issues reported improvements in 97% of cases, muscularkeeletal problems in 96% and psychiatric symptoms also in 96% of cases. These are very high rates of perceived benefit across a diverse range of health challenges.
Those are indeed incredible numbers across such a wide spectrum of different health issues. And we also saw some very interesting findings related to diabetes management, didn't we?
Yes. Remarkable. 98% of participants who had diabetes or insulin resistance reported significant improvement or even complete resolution of their condition. This is an exceptionally noteworthy finding particularly given the prevalence and challenges associated with managing these metabolic disorders.
98% that's a truly striking figure and this level of improvement was also reflected in their use of medications, wasn't it?
Absolutely. The study reported drastic reductions in medication use particularly among those with diabetes. Among participants who were using diabetes injectables, 100% reported complete discontinuation. Significant decreases were also observed in the use of both insulin and oral diabetes medications. These self-reported reductions in medication are a potentially very significant outcome.
Wow, those are some incredibly powerful self-reported outcomes, especially concerning the management of diabetes and the substantial reduction in the need for medication. Finally, given all these reported health improvements, what was the overall level of satisfaction with the carnivore diet among the participants.
The participants satisfaction with the carnivore diet was exceptionally high with 98% expressing satisfaction with their dietary choice. This overwhelmingly positive sentiment really ties together the picture of a group largely feeling very positive about their dietary experience and the effects it has had on their health.
98% satisfaction that really does paint a picture of a group who feel they've found a dietary approach that works well for them. Now, of course, such compelling self-reported results. It's absolutely crucial that we also consider the inherent limitations of this type of study.
That's a vital point to emphasize. It's essential to remember that this study relied solely on self-reported data collected through an online survey. This methodology introduces potential limitations, including recall bias, where participants might not accurately remember their past health status or dietary habits, and reporting bias, where individuals who have chosen a particular diet and are part of online communities related to it might be more inclined to report positive outcomes. The study did not include objective verification of their dietary intake or health outcomes through things like blood tests or medical records.
Right. So, we don't have that independent confirmation of these reported improvements. It's their own assessment of their health and diet.
Exactly.
Despite these limitations, what makes this study interesting is how these self-reported experiences seem to challenge conventional dietary guidelines that often emphasize plant-based foods and advise caution regarding high meat consumption. It also brings to the forefront the historical and anthropological perspectives on human diets where animal-based nutrition has played a significant role in various cultures.
The fact that a respected institution like Harvard conducted this research definitely adds a layer of credibility to the growing interest in this dietary approach. Even while acknowledging the study's limitations, it suggests that this is a topic that warrants further more rigorous investigation.
Precisely. The overwhelmingly positive self-reported benefits across such a broad spectrum of health aspects really underscore the need for additional more controlled studies. We need research that can substantiate these findings with objective measurements and explore the long-term effects of the carnivore diet in a more controlled and scientifically rigorous manner.
Absolutely. This study provides a valuable initial look into the experiences of a large group and the consistency of the reports is certainly noteworthy. However, more in-depth research is definitely needed to fully understand the potential benefits and any potential risks associated with this dietary approach over the long term.
Thank you for listening to another session of the Lenny and Maria Deep Dive podcast show.
Thank you for listening to another session of the Lenny and Maria Deep Dive podcast show. The Harvard Carnivore Diet Study offers a really interesting snapshot into the experiences of a large number of people who have chosen a very unconventional way of eating. While the self-reported benefits they describe are quite compelling and cover a wide array of health improvements. It remains important for us to keep in mind the limitations inherent in this type of survey based research.
The consistency in their motivations for trying the diet, the common patterns in the types of animal foods they consumed, and the overwhelmingly positive feedback they provided regarding their health and overall satisfaction offer valuable insights that certainly prompt us to reconsider some common dietary assumptions. The sign Significant improvements reported in the management of chronic conditions, particularly in the context of diabetes and the associated reductions in medication use are especially noteworthy and definitely warrant further, more in-depth scientific investigation. This deep dive really highlights the ongoing complexity of nutrition science and the continuing need to explore diverse dietary patterns and their potential impacts on human health. It raises some really important questions about what truly constitutes an optimal diet for different individuals and whether highly restrictive approaches like the carnivore diet might offer unexpected benefits for certain people.
I think so, too.
We encourage you, as always, to consider these findings thoughtfully and perhaps even explore the original study further if you're interested in learning more. What aspects of this deep dive resonated most with you? What specific questions do you still have? This study really serves as a starting point for a much larger and ongoing conversation about diet, health, and the significant role that individual experienc plays in shaping our understanding of nutrition.