Review of Key Concepts in Miles Mathis' Physics
Title: Reimagining Physics: Miles Mathis’ Mechanical Universe and the Charge Field Revolution
Title: Reimagining Physics: Miles Mathis’ Mechanical Universe and the Charge Field Revolution
Introduction: A Call for Mechanical Clarity
Miles Mathis, an independent physicist, presents a radical critique of modern physics, challenging its reliance on abstract mathematics and non-physical concepts. He argues that the Standard Model, Quantum Mechanics (QM), and Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) have strayed from tangible, mechanical explanations. Instead, Mathis proposes a unified framework rooted in a pervasive “charge field” composed of B-photons and governed by “stacked spins.” This model seeks to replace complex theories like quarks, the strong force, and wave-particle duality with intuitive, visualizable mechanics. His work spans particle physics, cosmology, and material science, offering a cohesive alternative to mainstream dogma.
Critique of the Standard Model: Flaws and Abstraction
Mathis identifies core weaknesses in established physics:
Overreliance on Abstraction: Concepts like quarks, gluons, and virtual particles lack mechanical grounding. Terms such as “color charge” or “strangeness” obscure physical reality.
Unnecessary Forces: The strong and weak nuclear forces are deemed redundant. Nuclear cohesion, for instance, arises from charge channeling and neutron alignment—not gluons.
Misinterpreted Phenomena: The cosmic microwave background (CBR) is reinterpreted as ambient charge photons, not Big Bang relics. Hubble’s redshift is recalculated without cosmic expansion.
Mathematical Handwaves: Theories like QCD and relativity rely on equations divorced from physicality, creating paradoxes like wave-particle duality.
Mathis accuses mainstream physics of prioritizing Nobel ambitions over truth, stifling dissent through institutional dogma.
The Mathis Model: Core Mechanics
At the heart of Mathis’ framework are two concepts:
The Charge Field: A universal medium of B-photons—tiny, spinning particles with mass. This field mediates forces (gravity, electromagnetism) and replaces the “aether.”
Stacked Spins: Particles like electrons and protons are defined by orthogonal spins (axial, x, y, z). Mass and charge emerge from spin energy, eliminating quarks and simplifying particle classification.
Key Innovations:
Particle Structure: Electrons are B-photons with axial spins; protons have four spins, emitting charge equatorially. Neutrons trap photons internally, explaining their mass and instability.
Nuclear Mechanics: Nuclei stabilize via aligned spins and neutron “plugs,” negating the need for the strong force. Radioactivity arises from disrupted charge channels.
Unified Forces: Magnetism results from photon bombardment; gravity operates at quantum scales, 10²² times stronger than estimated.
Explaining Phenomena Mechanically
Mathis’ model reinterprets diverse phenomena:
Electron-Proton Mass Ratio: Derived mechanically as ~1/1821 from spin energy increments.
Superconductivity: Caused by unbroken charge streams through nuclei, bypassing lattice resistance.
Mercury’s Liquidity: Weak nuclear charge links reduce structural rigidity.
Cosmic Structures: Galactic dynamics, solar cycles, and tides are driven by charge field interactions, not gravity alone.
Molecular Bonds: Attraction arises from charge-gravity interplay, not orbital hybrids.
Critique of Quantum Mysteries:
Wave-particle duality dissolves—photons exhibit wave-like behavior via spin patterns.
The Pauli Exclusion Principle is mechanical: identical spin configurations repel.
Implications: A Paradigm Shift
Mathis’ framework challenges foundational physics:
Simplification: Replaces dozens of particles (quarks, bosons) with spin variations of B-photons.
Predictive Power: Explains anomalies like beta decay’s underestimated energy (≈250 GeV) and uranium’s stability.
Cosmological Unity: Aligns with Plasma Cosmology, explaining auroras, Birkeland currents, and galactic formation through charge dynamics.
Educational Reform: Calls for re-educating physicists to prioritize mechanics over abstract math.
Challenges and Reception:
Mainstream rejection stems from institutional inertia, but Mathis argues his model’s simplicity and coherence warrant serious consideration. His work remains a grassroots alternative, championed by independent researchers.
Conclusion: Toward a Tangible Physics
Miles Mathis’ charge field theory offers a bold reimagining of physics, rooted in mechanical causality. By discarding abstractions and embracing visualizable models, he resolves paradoxes that have plagued the Standard Model for decades. While controversial, his ideas invite a return to physics’ foundational goal: explaining nature through observable, mechanical principles. For both the public and professionals, this framework promises a clearer, unified understanding of the universe—from quantum spins to cosmic currents. The charge field revolution may yet bridge the gap between mystery and mechanics, urging science to rediscover its empirical roots.
This document summarizes the primary themes and significant ideas presented in the provided excerpts from Miles Mathis' works, focusing on his alternative models for electrical charge, particle structure, nuclear forces, and fundamental constants.
Overall Theme:
A central theme across these excerpts is a fundamental critique of standard model physics, particularly its reliance on abstract, unmechanical concepts and numerous constants. Mathis proposes a purely mechanical, visualizable model based on the existence of a pervasive charge field composed of photons (specifically, B-photons). He aims to replace or simplify established concepts like electric charge, strong and weak nuclear forces, and particle classifications (quarks, neutrinos) with this charge field model and the concept of stacked spins.
Key Concepts and Ideas:
Charge as Mass/Summed Mass of Sub-particles:
Mathis argues that electric charge is not a fundamental, separate characteristic of matter.
Instead, charge is defined as the "summed mass of these sub-particles," referring to the charge-carrying photons (B-photons) of the electrical field.
This redefinition allows for a significant simplification of theory, eliminating the need to define charge in terms of current (cause in terms of effect) and dispensing with the abstract concept of charge itself.
"Charge is not a separate characteristic of matter. Charge is in fact the summed mass of these sub-particles."
He criticizes the standard model for defining charge in terms of current, which he views as defining a cause by its effect. His model defines charge in terms of mass, providing a more fundamental basis.
This approach also allows for the elimination of "meaningless constants" like permittivity and permeability of free space, as these characteristics are assigned to the matter in the field, not the vacuum itself.
The Charge Field (B-photons):
The universe is permeated by a charge field composed of fundamental particles called B-photons.
These B-photons are the mediators of electromagnetic interactions.
The behavior of this charge field is crucial for understanding particle interactions and atomic/nuclear structure.
Particles with stacked spins act as "little engines," channeling these B-photons.
Protons and electrons "recycling" B-photons creates a "photon wind" that explains repulsion.
Charge is described as a "photon wind." "Charge IS a photon wind."
Particles as Stacked Spins of B-photons:
Mathis proposes that fundamental particles like electrons, protons, and neutrons are composed of B-photons arranged with multiple "stacked spins."
Each spin level has a radius twice that of the level below it, creating "stacked levels" of spin (a1, x1, y1, z1, a2, x2, y2, z2, etc.).
"In this way, we find not only stacked spins, we find stacked levels. In other words, we find spins of a1, x1, y1, z1 and a2, x2, y2, z2 and a3, x3, y3, z3 and so on. By this analysis, a2 has twice the spin radius of z1. In fact, each spin has twice the radius of the spin under it."
The difference between protons and neutrons lies in the arrangement of these stacked spins and how they channel B-photons.
Protons channel B-photons mainly in at the poles and out at the equator, providing a protective field ("hairs").
Neutrons channel B-photons in a way that causes them to return "upside-down," cancelling energy and making them less stable outside an atom ("naked"). This also explains why neutrons appear slightly more massive – they are "trapping" more B-photons.
"For protons the B-photons come mainly into the poles and out at the equator in the same state that they came in... For anti-protons the B-photons are channelled in a different way and come out upside-down in comparison. In a neutron the B-photons come out the same way they came in, cancelling each other out. This is why a free neutron decays fairly quickly outside an atom but the proton and anti-proton do not – the neutron in comparison is “naked” which means it’s a lot easier for B-photons to bash into it and break it up, whereas the proton and anti-proton have a lot of “hairs” protecting them in the form of the channelled B-photons going in and out."
Electrons are described as "an overgrown photon" attracted to the charge minimum (holes) at the poles of protons, circling these holes because they are too big to enter. This circling is a real motion.
Mesons and Baryons as Multiples of Electrons/Protons:
Mathis reinterprets subatomic particles classified as mesons and baryons as being composed of combinations or multiples of electrons/positrons or protons, based on their energy levels.
He rejects the quark model. The characteristics currently attributed to quarks are explained by the stacked spins of baryons.
Mesons are proposed as combinations of unstable "x-spinning electrons" (quirinos/tau neutrinos), pions, or muons.
The tau particle is described as a complex combination of two unstable baryons and two pions, all missing an "x-spin" due to a sideways collision or field.
He uses mathematical equations based on stacked spins and multiples of fundamental particle energies to predict the masses of various mesons and "uberons" (particles above the baryon mass).
The Nucleus and Inter-particle Bonding (Replacing Strong Force and Covalent Bonding):
Atomic nuclei are built and held together by the arrangement and interaction of the charge fields of protons and neutrons, not by a separate "strong force."
Protons and neutrons, due to their spins, act like spinning disks with charge emitted equatorially and "holes" (charge minima) at the poles.
The nucleus is formed by these spinning disks aligning "hole to hole" due to natural field potentials under pressure.
Neutrons act as "little pillars or posts" to prevent the proton disks from turning and repulsing each other, providing stability.
"As you see, the neutrons act like little pillars or posts, keeping the proton disks from turning and repulsing one another."
He diagrams simple nuclei like Helium (two protons and two neutrons) with this model.
Covalent bonding is replaced by "charge field bonding," which he describes as a mechanical and visualizable process.
He critiques the standard model's explanation of ionic bonding, particularly the idea of electrons moving from positive to negative in NaCl formation, which he sees as a contradiction of field potentials.
In his NaCl model, the bond is created by the charge field moving through the linked atoms, facilitated by "holes" in the nuclear structure ("the alpha is like a fan, pulling charge into the hole"). The polarity of salt is due to efficient charge flow through the molecule.
Fluid States and Conductivity Explained by Nuclear Structure:
The physical state (gas, liquid, solid) of elements is determined by how their nuclei bond with themselves through charge field interactions.
Gases like Argon bond very little due to perpendicular outer protons and balanced charge fields with weak channeling.
Diatomic gases like Hydrogen bond in pairs, but the diatom repels other molecules.
The liquid state of Mercury is explained by a "semi-bond" between nuclei due to incomplete filling of outer "holes" (4 out of 6 possible protons), preventing a strong plug-in and creating a weak bond.
"A semi-bond is weak, and depending on how weak it is, it will either create a very soft metal or a liquid."
Solid Tin, despite being "balanced all round," has a strong enough bond because its outer holes are half-filled (2 out of 4), allowing for a good "plug-in" between nuclei.
Liquid Bromine's state is attributed to its inability to bond via axis or carousel positions (holes are full), forcing self-bonding through the inner level, which is a weak bond due to remaining open positions.
Conductivity is explained by the efficiency of charge channeling through the material. In conductors, atoms align pole-to-pole for efficient channeling. In insulators, channels are orthogonal, creating longer paths.
Doping in semiconductors affects the charge channeling ability, creating a built-in potential and determining current flow.
Highly conductive elements have an unequal number of protons in outer holes, favoring the top and bottom for potential difference. Elements with perpendicular protons in the outer level are less conductive ("act as walls").
Reinterpretation of Neutrinos and Beta Decay:
Mathis claims there are "no neutrinos."
The electron neutrino is reinterpreted as a "spin difference" or "field wave" in the ambient charge field, not a particle. This localized spin change results from interactions (like a neutron being hit by a positron) and travels like a wave.
Beta decay is explained as a neutron being hit by a positron, causing the outer spins of both particles to reverse, turning the neutron into a proton and the positron into an electron. The "neutrino" is the resulting local spin change in the ambient field.
The tau neutrino (renamed "quirino") is identified as four unstable x-spinning electrons (two electron/positron pairs) that achieve stability by aligning orthogonally.
Critique of Standard Model Concepts and Mathematics:
Mathis frequently criticizes the standard model for its "ad hoc quantum numbers," "meaningless constants," and unmechanical explanations ("magic show," "bald contradiction").
He argues that concepts like CP parity, spin, isospin, and flavor can be explained by his stacked spin model.
He questions the standard definition of speed (velocity) measurements, arguing that they inherently contain multiple margins of error because they involve two separate measurements (distance and time).
He challenges Einstein's relativity regarding the constancy of the speed of light from the perspective of the light itself, arguing that from the light's perspective, its velocity must be relative. He also claims that the ability to calculate simultaneity via light-time separation in transforms implies an underlying system of absolute time, contradicting Einstein.
Fundamental Constants and Ratios:
Mathis attempts to simplify or explain fundamental constants and ratios within his model.
He reinterprets the permittivity of free space ($\epsilon_0$) as related to gravitational acceleration at the quantum level, specifically for protons and electrons. He shows a numerical connection between $\epsilon_0$ and a previously calculated value for the "gravitational" acceleration of the proton.
He suggests that the Stefan-Boltzmann constant ($\sigma$) contains errors related to using $\pi$ instead of his proposed kinematic value of 4. He proposes a corrected constant and modified equations for spherical bodies, relating temperature, energy, and radius.
He finds the silver ratio playing a role in his re-evaluation of Bode's law for planetary orbits and in calculations involving gravitational constants and particle masses.
Important Facts/Data Presented (within Mathis' Framework):
$\epsilon_0$ can be expressed dimensionally as kg/m³, m/s³, or 1/s². Mathis transforms it into an acceleration value approximately 2.95 × 10⁻²⁰ m/s².
This calculated acceleration value for $\epsilon_0$ is found to be approximately half of a previously calculated "gravitational" acceleration for the proton (4.44 x 10⁻¹² m/s²), implying a relationship. ($\epsilon_0 \approx$ gravitational acceleration / 2).
The masses/energies of various mesons are calculated or explained as multiples or combinations of other particles, often with a factor of 7.222/9 (representing loss of x-spin):
Tau neutrino (quirino): 4 unstable x-spinning electrons ($\approx$ 15.5 MeV experimental).
Kaon: 2 charged pions + 2 muons ($\approx$ 492 MeV calculated, 493.7 MeV experimental).
Eta meson: 4 pions (3 neutral + 1 charged, or 2 neutral + 2 charged) ($\approx$ 545 or 550 MeV calculated, 547.8 MeV experimental).
Charmed Eta Meson: Related to pion with a factor of 7.222/9 and other calculations, resulting in $\approx$ 2986 MeV (2980 MeV experimental).
Bottom Eta Meson: Related to pion/charmed eta with a factor of 9/7.222 and other calculations, resulting in $\approx$ 9273 MeV (9300 ± 40 MeV experimental).
Tau: 2 damaged unstable baryons + 2 damaged pions, all missing x-spin, calculated energy $\approx$ 1772 MeV (1777 MeV experimental).
Z particle: Interpreted as three protons of different "levels" in collision, calculated energy $\approx$ 91.16 GeV (experimental value not explicitly stated but implied to match).
D meson: A baryon with an added spin level, calculated energy $\approx$ 1860.5 MeV (1865 MeV experimental).
Other mesons are explained as multiples of these basic states (e.g., vector B meson is three taus, rho meson is a baryon without x-spin and two tau neutrinos, strange D meson is four kaons).
The electron's magnetic moment is noted to be 658 times larger than the proton's, and its radius related to the proton's by 1/1821. These ratios are used to explain the electron's charge blocking ability in atomic poles.
The calculation relating charge field density (D) to the radius of a photon ($\gamma$) and the speed of light (c) is provided: $c^9 = \gamma^4 / D^6$.
Critiques and Challenges to Standard Physics:
Lack of mechanical and visualizable explanations for fundamental forces and particle structures.
Reliance on abstract quantum numbers and numerous constants.
Inconsistent explanations for phenomena like ionic bonding and the behavior of semiconductors (PN junctions).
Questioning the interpretation of neutrino experiments and the existence of neutrinos.
Challenging the implications of relativity regarding absolute time and the constant speed of light from the perspective of light itself.
Visualizations and Analogies:
Spinning disk analogy for protons and neutrons emitting charge equatorially.
Lawn sprinkler analogy for proton (with water emission) and neutron (without water emission).
Ping-pong ball circling a drain analogy for electrons orbiting the "holes" in proton poles.
Neutrons as "pillars" stabilizing proton disks in the nucleus.
Alpha particle as a spinning disk with field positives on edges and negatives (sucking in photons) at the center poles.
Charge potential mapped like wind flow.
Potential Areas for Further Exploration (Based on Excerpts):
Detailed mathematical derivations of particle masses based on stacked spins and energy levels.
Further development of the charge field model to explain all known electromagnetic phenomena.
More detailed nuclear diagrams and calculations for a wider range of elements.
Experimental tests that could differentiate Mathis' model from the standard model (although the provided texts do not explicitly propose specific experiments).
Further exploration of the relationship between permittivity, gravity, and the charge field.
This briefing document provides a high-level overview of the key concepts and arguments presented in the provided excerpts, highlighting Mathis' alternative framework for understanding fundamental physics.
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Study Guide
Quiz (10 short-answer questions)
According to the "Electrical Charge" source, how is electrical charge re-defined in Mathis's theory?
In Mathis's framework, what fundamental property does electrical charge represent?
The "Electrical Charge" source mentions that in the standard model, charge is defined in terms of current. Why does Mathis consider this "topsy-turvy"?
How does Mathis's re-definition of charge simplify the understanding of "free space"?
According to the "Explaining Mesons without Quarks" source, what is the proposed composition of the tau neutrino (quirino)?
What mechanical reason is given in "Explaining Mesons without Quarks" for the instability of some baryons?
How does the nuclear model described in "how to build a nucleus without the strong force" explain the stability of Helium-4?
According to "The Electron Orbit" and other sources, where are electrons located in relation to the nucleus in Mathis's model, and why?
In the context of P-N junctions, how does Mathis explain resistance in a material?
According to the "Diatomic Hydrogen" source, what is problematic with the standard model's explanation of covalent bonding in diatomic gases like hydrogen?
Essay Questions (5 suggestions)
Compare and contrast the standard model's concept of electrical charge with Miles Mathis's re-definition as the summed mass of sub-particles. Discuss the implications of this re-definition for other concepts in physics, such as free space and electromagnetism.
Analyze Miles Mathis's proposed mechanical model of atomic nuclei, focusing on the role of stacked spins and the arrangement of protons and neutrons. Discuss how this model attempts to explain nuclear stability and bonding without resorting to the strong force or quarks.
Evaluate Mathis's explanation for the properties of specific elements (e.g., Helium, Neon, Mercury, Tin, Radon, Bromine, Calcium, Barium, Germanium, Lead) based on his nuclear diagrams and proposed charge channeling mechanisms. How do these explanations differ from standard atomic theory?
Examine Mathis's critique of the standard model's understanding of particles like neutrinos and the W and Z bosons, as presented in the sources. Discuss his alternative explanations for these phenomena in terms of field waves and stacked spins.
Discuss Mathis's perspective on fundamental physical constants and concepts like the speed of light (c) and time, drawing from the provided texts. How does his view challenge conventional interpretations of relativity and quantum mechanics?
Glossary of Key Terms
B-photon: A fundamental particle proposed by Mathis, believed to be the constituent of the charge field.
Stacked Spins: Mathis's concept that particles have multiple layers of spin (axial, x, y, z) built upon each other, explaining particle properties and interactions.
Charge Field: The fundamental field composed of B-photons, responsible for electrical interactions and given a mechanical explanation in Mathis's theory.
Quirino: Mathis's proposed name for the tau neutrino, which he re-explains as a composite particle rather than a fundamental neutrino.
Meson: A particle, in Mathis's model, understood as a composite of more fundamental particles (often multiples of four, exhibiting sideways emission), with energies often explained by equations involving stacked spins.
Uberon: Mathis's term for particles above the baryon mass level, which he proposes are also explained by his stacked spin model.
Baryon: In Mathis's model, particles (protons and neutrons) with four stacked spins, where the arrangement of spins determines the particle type and its interaction with the charge field.
Unstable Baryon: A baryon state where the linear motion is orthogonal to the outermost spin, leading to reduced charge protection and instability.
Permittivity of Free Space (ε₀): A constant in standard electromagnetism that Mathis reinterprets not as a property of vacuum, but as related to the gravitational field created by protons and electrons.
Permeability of Vacuum (μ₀): A constant in standard electromagnetism that Mathis, like permittivity, argues is not a property of empty space.
Coulomb (C): The standard unit of electric charge, which Mathis aims to eliminate by resolving charge into mass and motion.
Statcoulomb (statC): Another unit of electric charge, related to the Coulomb, which Mathis analyzes dimensionally in terms of mass, length, and time.
Velocity (V): Analyzed by Mathis as a concept that, in experiments measuring it, inherently involves multiple measurements and therefore multiple margins of error.
Alpha Particle: In Mathis's nuclear model, a simplified unit representing two protons and two neutrons, often depicted as a disk with charge emission at the edges and charge absorption at the poles.
Electron Affinity: The energy change when an electron is added to a neutral atom to form a negative ion, a concept questioned by Mathis in his explanation of ionic bonding.
Cation: A positively charged ion, questioned in standard ionic bonding theory by Mathis as he argues an electron would move towards a neutral atom rather than a cation.
Anion: A negatively charged ion, questioned in standard ionic bonding theory by Mathis as he argues it accepts electrons despite having a negative sign.
Holes (in the nucleus): Specific regions within atomic nuclei, particularly at the poles of spinning nucleons, which Mathis proposes can accept other nucleons or particles based on charge channeling.
Charge Channeling: The process by which the charge field (B-photons) flows through the structure of a nucleus, influenced by the arrangement of protons and neutrons and their spins.
P-N Junction: The boundary between p-type and n-type semiconductors, explained by Mathis in terms of charge channeling and nuclear structure rather than standard electron-hole theory.
Resistance: In Mathis's theory, caused by longer charge paths through a material due to the orthogonal or perpendicular arrangement of charge channels through the nuclei.
Built-in Voltage: A potential difference across a P-N junction created by doping, explained by Mathis in terms of the alignment of atoms and faux-molecules.
Diatiomic Gas: Gases like hydrogen (H₂) that exist as molecules of two atoms, explained by Mathis through charge field bonding rather than covalent bonding (sharing of electrons).
Covalent Bonding: The standard model's explanation for chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons, a theory that Mathis finds unmechanical and problematic.
Ionic Bonding: The standard model's explanation for chemical bonds formed by the transfer of electrons and electrostatic attraction between resulting ions, a theory that Mathis critiques as contradicting field definitions.
Spectroscopic Notations (S, P, D, F, etc.): Symbols used in particle physics and atomic spectroscopy to denote particle types or electron orbitals, reinterpreted by Mathis as representing different configurations of stacked spins.
Stefan-Boltzmann Law: A physical law relating the energy radiated by a black body to its temperature, analyzed by Mathis who suggests modifications to the constant based on a spherical rather than flat surface derivation and his π=4 theory.
Gravity (g): Reinterpreted by Mathis as a relative acceleration between bodies, where he proposes that all spherical bodies maintain a surface gravitational acceleration of 9.8 m/s² relative to Earth.
Absolute Time: A concept that Mathis argues is implicitly present in physics, particularly in calculations involving the speed of light (c) and simultaneity, contradicting the standard interpretation of relativity.
Quiz Answer Key
In Mathis's theory, electrical charge is not a separate fundamental characteristic. It is redefined as the summed mass of the force-carrying sub-particles of the electrical field.
Electrical charge, in Mathis's framework, represents the total mass of the emitted sub-particles that constitute the electrical field around a particle.
Mathis considers defining charge in terms of current "topsy-turvy" because charge is supposed to be the cause (a property of matter), while current is the effect (the flow of charge). Defining causes in terms of effects is seen as illogical.
By assigning mass to the electrical field itself, Mathis eliminates the need to assign physical characteristics like permeability or permittivity to "free space," allowing it to remain simply space that is free of matter.
The tau neutrino (quirino) is proposed to be composed of four unstable x-spinning electrons, specifically two electron/positron pairs orthogonal to one another, arranged to achieve stability.
Unstable baryons occur when the linear motion of the particle is orthogonal to its outermost spin, meaning the emission field does not provide full charge protection in the direction of motion.
The stability of Helium-4 is explained by the arrangement of two protons and two neutrons, where the neutrons act as "pillars" keeping the spinning proton "disks" from turning and repelling each other through their charge fields.
Electrons are located outside the nucleus, specifically circling the "holes" or charge minima at the poles of protons, analogous to a ping-pong ball circling a drain, due to their spin and attraction to the charge minimum. They do not orbit the nucleus.
Resistance is simply caused by longer charge paths through the material. In resistive materials, the charge channels through the nuclei are orthogonal or perpendicular, creating inefficient pathways for the charge field to flow.
The standard theory of covalent bonding, which involves sharing of electrons, is considered unmechanical and problematic because it does not provide a sensible explanation for the bond, especially considering the definition of charge as attraction between electron and proton.
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How does the concept of charge relate to mass in this model?
In this model, electrical charge is not considered a separate, fundamental characteristic of matter. Instead, charge is proposed to be the summed mass of "sub-particles" (photons) that constitute the electrical field. By assigning mass to the electrical field itself, the need for the concept of charge as a distinct property is eliminated. This approach simplifies theory and allows for the removal of meaningless constants related to "free space," which is defined as truly free and not possessing characteristics like permeability or permittivity. The definition of charge in terms of mass is seen as a more fundamental and less "topsy-turvy" approach than defining charge by its effects (like current).
How are subatomic particles like electrons, protons, and neutrons described in terms of B-photons and stacked spins?
Particles are described as having multiple stacked spins that act as "engines," channeling B-photons. Electrons are seen as a B-photon with several groups of stacked spins and an axial spin on top. Protons and neutrons have additional x, y, and z spins, with the difference between them being the arrangement of these spins. Protons mainly channel B-photons in at the poles and out at the equator, potentially in vortices. Anti-protons channel them differently, causing them to emerge "upside-down." Neutrons channel B-photons in a way that causes them to cancel each other out, making free neutrons less stable than protons or anti-protons because they are more vulnerable to being broken up by B-photons. The apparent higher mass of the neutron is attributed to more B-photons being temporarily "trapped" inside.
What is the proposed mechanism for atomic bonding and the structure of the nucleus?
Atomic bonding is explained through charge field bonding, replacing the concept of covalent bonding and shared electrons. Protons and neutrons are simplified as spinning disks with "holes" at the poles. Protons emit a charge field equatorially due to their spin, creating charge minima at the poles. Neutrons, also spinning disks, are described as "swallowing" their charge field, bringing photons back to the center. In the nucleus, protons align "hole to hole" (charge minimum to charge minimum) under pressure. Neutrons act as "pillars" or "posts" that prevent the spinning proton disks from turning and repelling each other equatorially, providing stability to the nucleus, as seen in the simple model of Helium. Electrons don't orbit the nucleus but circle the "holes" in the protons at the poles, attracted by the charge minimum but too large to enter.
How is the behavior of electrons in atoms and during ionization explained without traditional electron orbits or shells?
Electrons do not orbit the nucleus or exist in probability clouds. Instead, they circle the "holes" or charge minima at the poles of protons, similar to a ping-pong ball circling a drain. They are attracted to this charge minimum because they are essentially overgrown photons, but their size prevents them from entering. This gives the electron angular momentum around the hole, not around the nucleus. Ionization occurs when another charge stream (from a nearby element or external source) "blows" the electron out of this eddy before bonding. This forced removal makes bonding easier because the empty eddy no longer blocks incoming charge, increasing the local charge strength and the attraction at both poles of the nucleus.
What is the explanation for the properties of mesons and other unstable particles like the tau and Z particle?
Mesons and other unstable particles are explained as combinations of more fundamental particles (like electrons, positrons, and possibly damaged baryons) with specific arrangements of stacked spins and varying degrees of instability. The tau neutrino (re-termed "quirino") is described as four unstable "x-spinning" electrons arranged orthogonally for stability. Mesons like the Kaon and Eta are explained as combinations of pions and muons, with their stability related to the number of muons present, which have more inner spins providing protection. The tau is described as two damaged unstable baryons huddling with two damaged pions in a specific configuration that quickly decays. The Z particle is proposed to be three protons of different energy levels colliding at high energies. This model aims to replace the need for ad hoc quantum numbers and simplify particle classification based on stacked spins.
How does this model address the concept of "empty space" and constants like permittivity?
In this model, "free space" is considered truly free and does not possess inherent physical characteristics like permeability or permittivity. These constants are seen as arising from the refusal to assign parameters to charge within matter itself. Permittivity ($\epsilon_0$) is re-expressed in terms of dimensions of mass, length, and time, and then further simplified to an acceleration. This acceleration is proposed to be the gravity field created by protons (and electrons), suggesting that $\epsilon_0$ is not a property of space but of the particles within it.
What is the critique of conventional models regarding concepts like neutrinos and the constant speed of light?
The concept of neutrinos, particularly the electron neutrino, is critiqued as a "terrible fudge" proposed to fill a theoretical "hole" (charge-field lack of symmetry) in beta decay. Instead, the electron neutrino is proposed to be a localized spin change in the ambient charge field caused by the interaction of a neutron and a positron, rather than a particle itself. The idea that light's speed (c) is constant relative to all observers is also challenged from the perspective of the light itself. While acknowledging that measurements from external observers are affected in ways described by relativity (time dilation, length contraction), it is argued that from the light's perspective, its velocity cannot be constant relative to objects moving at different speeds. This perspective leads to the conclusion that an underlying system of absolute time must exist, hidden within the constant 'c'.
How are the physical states (gas, liquid, solid) of elements explained in this nuclear model?
The physical state of an element is determined by how its nucleus bonds with itself, which is based on the arrangement of protons and neutrons (represented as spinning disks) and the resulting charge field interactions. Elements that don't bond much with themselves (like Argon) are gases. Diatomic gases (like Oxygen) form bonds between pairs of nuclei but not beyond that. The liquid state is explained by "semi-bonds" where the plugs created by protons fitting into nuclear "holes" don't fit together well, as seen with Mercury. The arrangement of protons in the outer levels dictates the potential bonding configurations. Elements with "closed" outer holes or balanced charge fields tend to be gases, while those with specific "prong" and "hole" arrangements that create weaker, incomplete bonds can be liquids. The ability of elements to conduct is also linked to the potential difference and channeling of the charge field through the nucleus, with the most conductive elements having an unequal number of protons in the outer holes, particularly at the poles.
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Timeline of Main Events
Ancient Philosophy: Democritus and Kanada propose early atomic theories (referenced indirectly as historical figures who considered fundamental particles).
Early 20th Century (around 1916): Kossel proposes a naive theory of ionic bonding.
Mid-20th Century: The Standard Model of particle physics develops, including concepts like quarks, neutrinos (electron neutrino, tau neutrino), W and Z bosons, mesons (pion, kaon, eta meson, charmed eta meson, bottom eta meson, D meson, vector mesons, pseudoscalar mesons, uberons), baryons (protons, neutrons, anti-protons, anti-neutrons, unstable baryons, hyperons), leptons (electron, muon, tau), CP parity, spin, isospin, flavor, covalent bonding, and the strong force. The idea of massless theoretical particles gaining mass by being "eaten up by the gauge field" is introduced, along with the Goldstone boson. The concept of electron "orbiting" the nucleus or existing in a "cloud of probabilities" becomes prevalent. Permittivity and permeability are assigned to free space. The constant speed of light (c) is a postulate, and its use in calculations leads to ideas like time dilation, length contraction, and mass increase from the perspective of outside observers. Lorentz suggests simultaneity requires infinite speed of light.
Prior to Miles Mathis's Work: The tau neutrino is categorized as a neutrino in the Standard Model. The strong force is considered necessary to hold the nucleus together. The behavior of semiconductors and P-N junctions is described using concepts like electron diffusion and "holes" as positive charge carriers, and conductivity/resistance are explained by electron movement. Ionic bonding is explained by the transfer of electrons and electron affinity. The Stefan-Boltzmann equation is derived from a flat surface. Gravity (G) is an established constant.
Miles Mathis's Early Papers (Prior to the provided excerpts):
Mathis proposes that gravity for the proton is around 4.44 x 10^-12 m/s^2, unknowingly finding ε0/2.
Mathis shows that baryons (protons and neutrons) have four stacked spins.
Mathis diagrams Lithium and Beryllium.
Mathis proposes that the electron is basically an overgrown photon.
Mathis shows how light can measure its own speed from its own point of view, disagreeing with Einstein on the constancy of c from the light's perspective and the reality of absolute time. He uses the concept of "light-time separation" derived from relativistic transforms to calculate absolute time separation and simultaneity.
Mathis shows how sound waves in the field of photons can explain the penetration power of neutrinos and gamma rays. He also suggests the frequencies assigned to gamma rays are unwarranted extrapolation.
Mathis discusses the Stefan-Boltzmann law, noting its derivation from a flat surface and the resulting constant σ. He proposes a corrected constant and a spherical equation.
Miles Mathis's Work (Represented in the provided excerpts):
Mathis defines charge as the summed mass of sub-particles of the electrical field, totally dispensing with the traditional concept of charge as a separate characteristic of matter. He shows how the mass of the electrical field can be calculated from measurable quantities like force, time, distance, and speed (c). This allows for simplification of theory and the elimination of constants assigned to free space like permeability and permittivity.
Mathis resolves the Coulomb and statcoulomb definitions based on whether a single force over one interval (velocity) or a series of intervals (acceleration) is being considered.
Mathis shows that the permittivity of free space (ε0) is not a property of space but is related to the gravity field created by protons and electrons. He demonstrates how ε0 can be expressed as an acceleration and relates it to his earlier calculation of proton gravity.
Mathis proposes that potential difference (Voltage) is fundamentally a distance, derived from reducing its dimensions to length and time and recognizing the mathematical equivalence of length and time taught by Minkowski.
Mathis explains electrons, protons, and neutrons in terms of B-photons and stacked spins. Electrons are B-photons with stacked spins and an axial spin. Protons and neutrons have further x, y, and z spins, with the difference being how spins are stacked and how B-photons are channeled. Protons and anti-protons channel B-photons outwards, creating a protective field ("hairs"), while neutrons swallow them, making them less stable outside an atom. The apparent opposite charge of protons and electrons is due to their outward channeling of B-photons ("photon wind") pushing them away from similarly charged particles and appearing as attraction between opposite types at a distance.
Mathis describes atoms and molecules as stable configurations of protons, neutrons, and electrons formed by the channeling of B-photons, occurring in dense environments like stars. Electrons do not orbit the nucleus or exist in a probability cloud but circle the poles of protons. Neutrons act as pillars preventing proton disks from repulsing each other.
Mathis defines the B-photon as a fundamental level of structure. He notes that while a lower level might exist, it's currently unmeasurable and irrelevant for explaining matter.
Mathis explains various mesons (pion, kaon, eta meson, charmed eta meson, bottom eta meson) and "uberons" (like the D meson) as multiples of fundamental states based on stacked spins and energy levels. He introduces the concept of particles being "damaged" by sideways collisions, losing inner spins and affecting their energy and stability.
Mathis proposes that the tau, previously considered a lepton, is a complex combination of two unstable baryons and two pions, all damaged by a sideways field and missing the x-spin, combining in a temporary NSEW square configuration before decaying.
Mathis redefines the Z particle, previously considered a boson in the Standard Model, as three protons of different "levels" in collision, based on his meson equation predicting large unstable particles from stacked spins. He argues against the Standard Model explanation involving borrowing from the vacuum to break mathematical symmetry.
Mathis dismisses the existence of neutrinos as particles, proposing that the "electron neutrino" observed in beta decay is a localized spin change in the ambient charge field (a field wave) resulting from a neutron being hit by a positron, causing spin reversals and a change in local summed spin.
Mathis explains the nuclear structure without the strong force, using stacked spins and the charge field. Protons and neutrons are simplified as spinning disks with charge minima (holes) at the poles and emission at the equator. Nuclei are formed by these disks aligning hole-to-hole under pressure. Neutrons provide stability by acting as pillars preventing proton disks from turning and repelling.
Mathis diagrams the Helium nucleus with two protons and two neutrons as a stable configuration. He explains why this specific arrangement is stable.
Mathis diagrams Neon as five alpha particles (simplified as disks) huddling in stable configurations due to field potentials. He represents alphas as positive on the edges and negative at the poles.
Mathis diagrams Tin and explains its stability and numerous isotopes by its balanced charge channeling through the nucleus, with inner holes filled with protons and outer holes double-filled with alphas. He notes that electrons orbit the holes in protons, not the nucleus or the proton center.
Mathis diagrams Lead and explains its low conductivity based on its nuclear structure lacking a potential difference from pole to pole.
Mathis diagrams Mercury and explains its liquid state due to the weak semi-bond formed when two Mercury nuclei come together, as the "spikes" (four protons in outer holes) don't fit well into the partially filled outer holes (which can hold six). He compares this to Tin, where the half-filled outer holes (two protons in a hole that can take four) create a good bond.
Mathis explains the structures of Cinnabar and Metacinnabar (HgS) based on his Mercury diagram, showing Hg centers having short Hg-S bonds and longer Hg--S contacts.
Mathis diagrams Germanium, showing how filling inner holes evenly contributes to its structure.
Mathis explains why Bromine is a liquid, based on its nuclear structure. Bromine can only bond to itself via the inner level holes, which are only half full. Bonding creates a diatomic molecule (Br2), but further bonding is weak due to unbalanced openings.
Mathis explains that ionization occurs before bonding because the charge stream of a nearby element blows the electron out of the eddy around the proton's pole, increasing the charge potential.
Mathis argues against the traditional theory of covalent bonding as an unmechanical sharing of electrons, proposing charge field bonding instead. He highlights the inability to prove or disprove electron sharing in diatomic gases like hydrogen through observation.
Mathis critiques the standard explanation of P-N junctions and semiconductor behavior, particularly the concept of "holes" as positive charge carriers and the claim that adding negative charge (electrons) makes a region more charged. He proposes a mechanical and visualizable explanation based on his charge field theory, where resistance is caused by longer charge paths through the material dueosed resistance. He explains how doping affects channeling ability and can create reverse current by atom and faux-molecule reversal.
Mathis critiques the traditional theory of ionic bonding, particularly the concept of electron affinity explaining why a neutral atom (Chlorine) would accept an electron from a cation (Sodium ion), which contradicts field potentials. He presents an alternative explanation where the charge field moving through the bond causes the potential and polar nature.
Mathis applies his nuclear structure models to heavier elements like Krypton, Xenon, Barium, Uranium, Polonium, Astatine, and Radon, explaining their structures, stability, and radioactivity based on the filling of nuclear holes with protons and neutrons, and resulting charge field imbalances. He argues that noble gases are defined by completed nuclear structures, not outer electron shells, and that elements above Radon are fused from lower elements rather than built up sequentially.
Mathis proposes that Calcium and Barium are very polar or linear due to their fourth-level protons being solely on the pole, making them useful for doping Copper in superconductivity.
Mathis suggests that the error in calculating neutrino velocity from separate distance and time measurements is compounded because velocity involves two measurements of distance (one for the start/end points and one for time, which is a second measurement of distance relative to c), each with its own margin of error, and these errors are multiplied, not added. He uses calculus concepts to explain that velocity is a function of distance with an added time dependence, implying multiple margins of error.
Miles Mathis's Ongoing Work: Mathis plans to suggest simplified terminology to replace the vocabulary of atomic physics and continue exploring and refining his theories. He acknowledges that he is still sorting through how the speed of light (c) fits into his calculations of quantum gravity. He continues to update his papers as his calculations evolve.
Cast of Characters
Democritus: Ancient philosopher, referenced as a historical figure who considered fundamental particles.
Kanada: Ancient philosopher, referenced as a historical figure who considered fundamental particles.
Kossel: Proposed the early, naive theory of ionic bonding around 1916.
Einstein: Famous for his work on relativity, including the concept of the constant speed of light and ideas like time dilation and length contraction. Mathis disagrees with Einstein's conclusions about the constancy of c from the light's point of view and the lack of absolute time, arguing that absolute time is hidden within the variable c.
Lorentz: Suggested that simultaneity would require an infinite speed for light. Mathis argues this is false.
Minkowski: Taught that length and time are mathematically equivalent, a concept Mathis uses to simplify the dimensions of potential difference.
Majorana: Honored by Mathis by naming the "quirino" particle after him, as Majorana came close to solving the problem of gravity.
Roe: Author mentioned in the "Weak Interaction" excerpt, whose math for the Goldstone boson becoming massive is cited and ridiculed by Mathis.
Miles Mathis: The central figure and author of the provided texts. A scientist proposing new theories in physics, challenging the Standard Model and established concepts like charge, gravity, nuclear structure, particle physics, and chemical bonding. He uses mathematical calculations and mechanical/visualizable models to explain phenomena.
Dr. Gerald Pollack: A scientist whose work on water (e.g., structured water near hydrophilic surfaces, persisting water droplets on water surfaces, the cell as a biomaterial) is referenced in the "publications | pollacklab" excerpt.
H. Yoo, R. Paranji, D.R. Baker, C.M. Pirie, B. Hovakeemian, I.S. Klyuzhin, F. Ienna, B. Roeder, A. Wexler, O. Yakovenko, F. Blyakhman, D. Dunaway, M. Fauver, F. Reitz: Co-authors on various publications by Dr. Gerald Pollack listed in the "publications | pollacklab" excerpt.
Nevyn: Creator of a Periodic Table based on Mathis's work (referenced as an external resource).
DragonFace: Creator of videos visualizing Mathis's "Stacked Spins" theory (referenced as an external resource).
Chris Wheeler: Creator of a video representation of Mathis's wave motion (referenced as an external resource).
OpERA experiment: An experiment mentioned in the "Neutrino" excerpt that measured neutrino velocity, which Mathis analyzes in terms of its margins of error.
CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso): A facility mentioned in the "Neutrino" excerpt as the source of neutrinos for the OPERA experiment.
Astute Reader: A reader mentioned in the "mhphoton.pdf" excerpt who noticed the silver ratio in Mathis's work on Bode's law and galactic orbits.
This timeline and cast of characters are based solely on the information provided in the given excerpts and reflect the perspectives and claims presented within those texts.
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