IB Atomic and Nuclear Test

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Help with the IB Packet Questions:

Part 1: Folder .:. Packet

Question .:. Video .:. Marks .:. M18-2-1 #8 Photoelectric

Question .:. Video .:. Marks .:. M17-2-2 #7 Photoelectric

Question .:. Video .:. Marks .:. N16-2-0 #11 Photoelectric

Question .:. Video .:. Marks .:. Spec-2-0 #9 Pair Production

Part 2: Folder .:. Packet

Question .:. Video .:. Marks .:. N18-2-0 #5 Bohr Diffraction

Question .:. Video .:. Marks .:. N17-2-0 #3 Feynman Diagram Particle Radius

Question .:. Video .:. Marks .:. M17-2-1 #5 Particle Physics

Question .:. Video .:. Marks .:. M19-2-1 #2 Electron Scattering

Part 3: Folder .:. Packet

Question .:. Video .:. Marks .:. N18-2-0 #6 Nuclear

Question .:. Video .:. Marks .:. M18-2-2 #9 Atomic Rutherford Decay Particle

Question .:. Video .:. Marks .:. N16-2-0 #4 Particle Decay

Question .:. Video .:. Marks .:. M17-2-2 #5 Alpha Decay

Part 4: Folder .:. Packet

Question .:. Video .:. Marks .:. M18-2-1 #6 Beta Decay

Question .:. Video .:. Marks .:. M16-2-0 #8 Beta Decay

Question .:. Video .:. Marks .:. M19-2-2 #6 Nuclear Reaction

Question .:. Video .:. Marks .:. Spec-2-0 #5d Nuclear Power

Get the Mock test: Misc-MockTestAtomicAndNuclear.pdf

Help with the Mock Test:

1. Photoelectric Effect

(a) A certain metal has a work function of 3.10 eV. If the ejected photo-electrons have a stopping potential of 1.45 V, calculate the wavelength of the light. (273 nm) Video

(b) If light with a wavelength of 180 nm illuminates the same plate, what would be the stopping potential of the photo-electrons? (3.81 V) Video

(c) What would be the effect of changing the intensity of the light on the electrons ejected from the metal? What would be the effect of using light of a shorter wavelength on the electrons ejected from the metal? (more electrons/same Vs, a few more electrons/higher Vs) Video

(d) What was Einstein's idea for the Photoelectric effect experiment, and how did the results of Millikan’s photo-electric effect experiment support Einstein’s corpuscular theory of light? (watch video) Video

2. Particle Physics

(a) A high energy photon with a wavelength of 3.84 fm creates a Muon/Anti Muon pair each with 56.0 MeV of kinetic energy. Show that the rest mass of a Muon is approximately 106 MeV. Video

(b) Calculate the largest wavelength of photon that could create this pair. (5.87 fm) Video

(c) Pair production always creates a matter/anti-matter pair. Apply the concept of conservation of Energy, Muon number, and charge. (watch the video) Video

A partial Feynman diagram shows Muon decay:

(d) Fill in the correct exchange particle, and resulting particle in the boxes. (watch video)

(e) For the four solid lines denoting the non-exchange particles, indicate with arrows their direction. (watch video) Video (for d&e)

(f) Distinguish between Mesons, Leptons, Baryons (watch video) Video

(g) State the quark composition of a proton and neutron (udu, udd) Video

3. Atomic Models

Given this energy level diagram for Hydrogen:

(a) What possible photon energies are there for downward transitions from n = 4? (0.66 eV, 2.55 eV, 12.74 eV) Video

(b) A spectral line is observed to have a wavelength of 1282 nm. State what part of the EM spectrum this is, and indicate which transition is responsible for this spectral line. (0.97 eV, so 5 to 3) Video

(c) Calculate the wavelength of the photon associated with a transition from n = 3 to n = 1. (103 nm) Video

(d) Explain the three atomic models proposed by Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr, and the discoveries that led to each one. (watch video) Video

(e) The atmospheres of stars create absorption spectra. Explain how absorption or dark line spectra are created, and how scientists use them. Video

4. Alpha Decay

92-Uranium 229 will alpha decay into Thorium 225.

(a) Calculate the energy of this decay given this data: (6.476 MeV) Video

U-229: 229.033496 amu, Th-225: 225.023941 amu, Alpha: 4.002603 amu.

(b) Calculate the radius of a Thorium 225 atom. (7.30 fm) Video

(c) What kinetic energy in MeV must an alpha particle have to get this close to the Thorium nucleus? (35.5 MeV) Video

(d) If an Alpha particle can escape in 1.14x10^-23 seconds, what energy must it “borrow” in MeV? (29.0 MeV) Video

(e) Explain what is meant by tunneling in the context of an alpha decay (watch video) Video

(f) Explain why nuclei cannot be arbitrarily large - why there is an upper limit on the size of stable nuclei by reference of the nature of the electromagnetic and strong nuclear forces. Video

5. Beta Decay

53-Iodine-138 decays by Beta minus into an isotope of Xenon

(a) Write the complete equation for the decay. (watch video) Video

(b) The sample initially has an activity of 8.8x10¹¹ Bq. Using the graph above, determine the half life in seconds of this decay. (6.5 s) Video

(c) What is the mass of the sample if the molar mass of I-138 is 137.922 grams/mole? (1.89 ng) Video

(d) What time will it take for the activity to reach 1.1x10¹¹ Bq? (19.5 s - no calculator needed!) Video

(e) What will be the activity of the sample after 4 minutes? (7 Bq) Video

What's on the actual test:

1. Photoelectric Effect

• How do you operate the experiment to determine the KE of the photoelectrons?

• Calculate the stopping potential

• Calculate the wavelength of light

• Explain the different predictions of the wave and photon models regarding the Photoelectric effect.

2. Particle Physics

• Pair production conceptual questions Like Spec-2-0 #9 Pair Production (a) and (b)

• Feynman diagrams of Lepton decay. Be able to fill in missing decay products, and put arrows on lines. Like N16-2-0 #4 Particle Decay

• Write a complete equation for the leptonic decay of a lepton into lighter leptons

• Question about mesons and baryons

3. Atomic Models

• Find the possible energies of photons from energy level diagram

• Find the wavelength of the photon from a transition

• Given a wavelength of photon, what is the transition

• Conceptual question about atomic models.

4. Alpha Decay

• Balance an Alpha decay

• Calculate the energy of alpha decay

• Calculate an nuclear radius

• Calculate the energy of an alpha particle a certain distance from the center of a nucleus in MeV

• Explain the shape of the potential energy curve of an alpha particle as it approaches the nucleus referring to the nature of the two different forces involved.

• Explain how the alpha particle can escape

• Calculate the time the alpha particle can take to escape

5. Beta Decay

• Explain what is meant by the term isotopes

• Balance a beta decay Like M18-2-1 #6 Beta Decay

• Draw a graph of the decay of activity of a sample given a graph axes and a half life.

• Calculate the decay constant given a half life

• Calculate the activity after a certain time

• Calculate the time it will take to reach a certain activity

• How does increasing the following quantities affect the activity of the sample.