Please note that although the "Learning Pyramid is often quoted, there is very little research to substantiate the model.
Active learning typically draws on combinations of these principles:Â
Deep Processing - think beyond "face value"(Craig et al., 2006; Craik & Lockhart, 1972)
Desirable difficulty - either too easy nor too hard (Bjork, 1988, 1999; VanLehn et al., 2007)
Require recall of relevant information (Butler & Roediger, 2007; Roediger & Karpicke, 2006)
Learn from errors(Brown, Roediger, & McDaniel, 2014; Ericsson, Krampe, & Tesch-Romer, 1993)
Mix different problem types
Present information both verbally and visually (Kosslyn, 1994; Mayer, 2001; Moreno & Valdez, 2005)
Generate feelings to enhance recall (Erk et al., 2003; Levine & Pizarro, 2004; McGaugh, 2003, 2004)
Chunking: information in organized units (Brown, Roediger, & McDaniel, 2014; Mayer & Moreno, 2003)
Connect new information to previous information (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000; Glenberg & Robertson, 1999; Mayer, 2001)
Build on foundational material (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000; Wandersee, Mintzes, & Novak, 1994)
Give examples of the same idea in multiple contexts (Hakel & Halpern, 2005)
Relying on principles that underlie a phenomenon (Kozma & Russell, 1997; Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000)
Using spaced practice: spreading learning out over time (Brown, Roediger, & McDaniel, 2014; Cepeda et al., 2006, 2008; Cull, 2000)
Associate material with a variety of settings (Hakel & Halpern, 2005; Van Merrienboer et al., 2006)