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Norman Herr, Ph.D.
  • NH
  • Courses
    • 514 - Computers in Instruction
    • 525 - Methods of Teaching Science
    • 554 Seminar Student Teaching in Science - 1
    • 555 Seminar Student Teaching in Science - 2
    • 616 - Computer Supported Collaborative Science - 1
    • 642 Computer Supported Collaborative Learning - I
    • 652- Computer Supported Collaborative Learning-II
    • 656- Computers in Science Teaching
    • 676 Adv. Laboratory Curriculum Development
    • 699 A-C Independent Study
    • Physics-II
  • Research
    • Books
    • Publications
    • Presentations
      • 2014 California STEM Symposium - San Diego - September 2014
      • 2018 Noyce Regional Conference - Tuscon - Developing & Using Models
      • AACE E-Learn 2013
      • AACE Formative Assessment
      • AAPT Southern California Section
      • ASTE 2013
      • ASTE 2014 - Paper Set
      • ASTE 2014 CSCS & NGSS
      • ASTE 2015
      • ASTE-HICE 2020
      • Computer Supported Collaborative Instruction: SITE, Austin 3/12
      • CSCS - Nanjing Chinese Scholars
      • CSCS Open House 2015 - CSCS & NGSS
      • CSTA-2019-Employing NASA-data to model interactions in earth systems
      • CSUN Faculty Development - Formative Assessment
      • Employing Collaborative Online Documents for Continuous Formative Assessments; HP-Catalyst - Beijing, April, 2012
      • Employing Collaborative Online Documents for Continuous Formative Assessments; SITE, Austin, 3/12
      • HICE 2014
      • HICE 2017
      • NGSS Chemistry Storylines - Paradigms for Teaching and Learning Chemistry
      • NGSS Storylines - Paradigms for Teaching and Learning Physics
      • Online Learning in International Education 2018 New Zealand
      • Supervision of Student Teachers - Video
      • Teaching STEM to Diverse Students with Cloud Computing - CA STEM Symposium
      • Using Collaborative Web-Based Docs to Instantly Collect and Analyze Whole-Class Data; CyTSE, Berkeley, CA; 2/11
      • Website Development
      • Western Regional Noyce Conference - Continuous Formative Assessment
      • WRNC- NGSS Three Course Model
      • Workshops
        • 555 Tasks
        • Building a Contact List
        • Science Conferences & Workshops
      • Presentations
      • CSLC-Summer Biology
      • Bert Corona NGSS Workshop
      • Inquiry with Gizmos
      • Computer Science Integration
    • Grants
      • PhysTec
      • California Science Project
      • cscs
      • MSTI - Math & Science Teacher Initiative
    • Research
    • Articles
      • CDA
      • CFA
  • Grad
    • Master's Programs
    • Credential Programs
    • MSTI - Math & Science Teacher Initiative
    • Graduate Programs
    • Professional Development
      • Professional Journals
      • Field Trip Sites
      • Mel Beech
      • MDECOE - Conceptual Framework
      • Bert Corona HS - NGSS
      • Edison
      • Collaboration
    • CSET Prep Workshops
    • Physics CSET
    • General Science CSET
  • NGSS
    • SEP - Science and Engineering Practices
      • SEP-1 Asking Questions and Defining Problems
      • SEP-2 Developing and Using Models
        • Physical models
        • Statistical Models
        • Mathematical Models
        • Conceptual Models
        • Computational Models
        • Graphic Models
          • Flowcharts
        • Scientific Models
        • Resources for Developing Models
      • SEP-3 Planning and Carrying Out Investigations
      • SEP-4 Analyzing and Interpreting data
      • SEP-5 Using mathematics and computational thinking
      • SEP-6 Constructing explanations & designing solutions
      • SEP-7 Engaging in Argument from Evidence
      • SEP-8 Obtaining, Evaluating and Communicating Information
      • NGSS Objectives - Models
      • Resources for Developing Models
    • CCC - Cross-Cutting Concepts
      • CCC-1 Patterns
      • CCC-2 Cause and Effect
      • CCC-3 Scale, Proportion & Quantity
      • CCC-4 Systems and System Models
      • CCC-5 Energy & Matter
      • CCC-6 Structure & Function
      • CCC-7 Stability & Change
      • CCC Integration
        • California Coastline
        • California Earthquakes
        • California Wildfires
    • DCI - Disciplinary Core Ideas
      • Physical Sciences
      • Life Sciences
      • Earth & Space Science
      • Engineering, Technology & Applications of Science
    • PE - Performance Expectations
      • ETS- Engineering, Technology, Science
        • Engineering
        • Addressing Major Global Challenges
    • Strategies & Curriculum
      • Lesson Planning
        • Lesson Planning Formats
          • 5E Model
          • CER - Claims-Evidence-Reasoning
          • Problem Based Learning (PBL)
          • POGIL
          • Traditional Lesson Planning
        • Educational Objectives
        • Feedback
        • Inquiry
        • Phenomena
        • Closure
      • California Science Test (CAST)
      • Educational Theories
        • Theories
        • Educational Theories
        • Active Learning
        • Bloom's Taxonomy
        • Constructivism
        • Engaging Learners
          • Equity vs. Equality
          • Science Humor
          • Quickwrite
          • Growth Mindset
          • STEAM
          • Student-Centered Classroom
        • Growth Mindset
        • Multiple Intelligences
        • PCK, TPCK
        • Peer Grading
        • Scaffolding
        • UDL & NGSS
          • IEP VS 504
        • VARK - Multiple Modalities
        • Flipped Curriculum
        • Metacognition
        • Cognitive Rigor Matrix
        • Critical Thinking
      • Academic Language
        • Symbols
        • Language Function
      • CSUN
        • Class Policies
        • Stock Room
          • Common sources of chemicals
      • Historical Perspective
        • 1998 Standards
        • History of Science Education
        • Layered vs Spiral Curriculua
        • Shifts in NGSS
      • 3-course model
        • Chemistry in the Earth System
        • Living Earth
        • Physics of the Universe
        • ETS- Engineering, Technology and Applications of Science
        • ESS - Connections in 3 course model
      • Curriculum
        • Advanced Placement (AP) & NGSS
        • Bozeman Science - NGSS
        • CAST California Science Test
        • Conceptual Flows / Concept Maps / NGSS
        • NGSS - Myths & Facts
        • Science Courses
      • Instructional Materials
      • Why College
  • CSCS
    • CSCS
      • Continuous Formative Assessment
      • Pooled Data Analysis
      • Collaborative Resource Development
    • CSCS - Chemistry
      • Air Pressure
        • Air Pressure - Movies
      • Atomic Radius - Properties of the Elements
      • Atoms, Ions, Isotopes
      • Charles Law - Hot Air Balloons
      • Composition of Biological Molecules
        • form - composition of molecules
        • Molecules
        • PHOTOS
      • Diffusion - Olfaction
      • Element Analysis (Databases, Graphing)
      • Endothermic & Exothermic Reactions
      • Energy Transfer
        • Expermient
      • Faraday's Candle - Developing Scientifically Oriented Questions
        • Faraday's Candle - Data Sheet
        • Observations of a burning candle
          • Submit your word doc
        • Observations of a Candle
      • Molecular Models
      • Periodic Table
      • Significance of Chemistry
      • Phase Change
    • CSCS - Env. & Earth/Space Sci
      • Air Pollution
        • Chemistry of Ozone
        • Ozone - Number of unhealthy days
        • Pollutants
      • Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
      • Earthquakes & Volcanoes
        • 1994 CSUN Earthquake
        • Costliest Earthquakes
        • Deadliest Earthquakes
        • Deadliest Volcanoes
        • Major Earthquakes
        • Recent Eruptions
        • Recent Quakes
        • Student data
        • Tallest volcanoes on each continent
        • Determining the Epicenter of an Earthquake
      • Environmental Issues
      • Geotagging
      • Hurricanes - Tropical Cylcones
        • Data
        • Famous Hurricanes
        • Hurricane videos
        • Observations - Form
        • Observations - Hurricanes
      • Los Angeles River
        • Field Investigation
        • Identification and recording of plant & animal species
        • LA River at Balboa
        • LA River Models
        • Lewis McAdams Riverfront Park
        • Los Angeles River at Balboa Avenue
        • Sepulveda Basin Wildlife Area
        • Sepulveda Basin Wildlife Area
        • Steelhead Park, Elysian Narrows
      • Lost on the Moon
      • Map Construction - Following Directions
      • Mapping
      • Mapping Environmental Issues
      • Orbits
      • Sands-Arenology
      • Santa Ana Winds
      • Sustainability - Initiatives at CSUN
        • Arbor Grill
        • Botanic Garden
        • Campus Recycling Services
        • Central Plant Thermal Storage
        • Chaparral Hall
        • Earthquake Garden
        • Electric Vehicle Charging Station
        • Food Garden
        • Fuel Cell
        • Matador Bicycle Compounds
        • Orange Grove
        • Photovoltaic Project
        • Photovoltaic Project II
        • Rainforest Project
        • Southern California Ecoregion Demonstration Garden
        • Stream, Pond & Observatory
        • Student Recreation Center
        • Transit Station
        • Valley Performing Arts Center
        • Weather Station
      • Urban Heat Islands - 2
      • Geology - Rocks
      • Fire Ecology
    • CSCS - General Science
      • Analogies - Introducing new concepts
      • Analyzing & Interpreting Data
        • 20.1 Calculations and Computer modeling
        • 20.4 Scatter & Line Graphs
        • 20.5 Column & Bar Graphs
        • 20.6 Pie & Area Graphs
        • 20.7 Combination Plots
        • 20.8 Statistics
      • Applying for Science Teaching Positions
        • Cover Letter
        • Resume
      • Artificial Intelligence -AI
        • Neural Network
      • Careers that requires science
      • Cloze & Inference
      • Cognates & Scientific Terms
        • Sources of English Languages
          • British Empire, 1919
      • Collaborative Lab Report
      • Collaborative Presentations
      • Correlations
      • Creating Online Quizes
      • Dimensional Analysis
        • Answers
      • Discovery Cube LA Study Guide
        • Discovery cube
      • Discrepant events
        • retinal fatigue
        • retina
      • Engineering Activities
      • Estimates, Scale
      • Extrapolation & Inference
      • Formative Assessments
        • Employing Collaborative Online Documents for Continuous Formative Assessment
      • Getting to know your students
      • Graphing Stories
      • Indirect Measurement
      • Mind Mapping
      • Misconceptions in Science
        • Misconceptions in Biology
        • Misconceptions in Chemistry
        • Misconceptions in Earth and Space Science
        • Misconceptions in Physics
      • Models & Universal Design for Learning
      • NGSS - Next Generation Science Standards
      • Observations
      • Photographic Techniques
        • Infrared Photography
        • Screen Recording
        • Slow Motion Photography
        • Stop Motion Photography
        • Time Lapse Photography
        • Microscopy and Telescopes
      • Pictorial Riddles
      • Powers of Ten
      • Research Questions
        • Research in physical & earth science
          • Possible Independent & Dependent Variables
          • Possible Subjects
        • Research with animals
          • Possible Dependent Variables
          • Possible Independent Variables
          • Possible Subjects
        • Research with humans
          • Possible Dependent Variables
          • Possible Independent Variables
          • Possible Subjects
        • Research with plants, protozoa, bacteria, and fungi
          • Possible Dependent Variables
          • Possible Independent Variables
          • Possible Subjects
      • Scan & Post
        • Estimating the Distance to the Moon
          • Determining the distance to the moon
        • Movies to help with scan & post activities
        • Scan & Post Technique
      • Science Games
      • Science in the community
      • Science Reading Skills
        • Characteristics of Readers
      • Simulations, Models & Data Analysis
        • Other Simulations
      • Slide Rules and Approximation
        • Scientific Notation
      • Structure & Function
      • Student Response Systems / Formative Assessment Tools
      • Translating Words into Mathematical Symbols
      • Units; Dimensional Analysis
        • Straight Line Method
      • Video Microscopy
      • Vocabulary - Academic Language
        • Biology Roots
        • Chemistry Roots
        • Dictionary or Root Words
        • Earth & Space Science Roots
        • Physics Roots
      • Walking through graphs
      • What in the Universe?
      • Procedures
      • Word Problems
      • Geometry in Science
      • Black Box Science
      • Virtual Labs
      • Problem Solving Strategies
      • Labs
    • CSCS - Physics
      • Air Pressure
      • Audio Analysis
        • Frequencies
      • Density & Buoyancy - What causes something to sink or float?
        • Applications of Density to Everyday Life
        • photos
        • Research Study on Obesity
      • Electricity - Induction
      • Energy, Momentum, Collisions
      • EM Waves - Sensors
        • Speed of Light
        • Speed of Light
      • Exercise & Motion Analysis 1
        • GPX files
        • Wilson Canyon Bench
      • Exercise & Motion Analysis 2
        • Power ratings of household appliances (W)
      • Harmonic Motion - Deriving the Formula for a Pendululm
        • Analyze Data
        • What is harmonic motion?
      • Light - Determining the Speed & Wavelength of Light
      • Refraction of Light
        • Disappearing coin
      • Relevance of Physics - How Physics is Used in Other Fields
        • Examples
      • Rockets; Video Analysis
        • Old Technique
        • Rockets
      • Stomp Rockets
      • Torque - Rotatational Equilibrium
        • Right hand rule
      • Waves & Information Transfer
        • Digital Transmission
        • Digital vs. Analog Transmission
        • Energy and Amplitude
        • HS-PS4-1.
        • HS-PS4-2.
        • HS-PS4-3.
        • HS-PS4-4.
        • HS-PS4-5.
        • MS-PS4-1.
        • MS-PS4-2.
        • MS-PS4-3.
        • Validity & Reliability
        • Wave Particle Duality of Light
      • Schematics for electronic circuits
    • CSCS - Biology
      • Beri-Beri - Using History to teach Science
        • Research Question
          • Causes of Disease -3
          • Causes of Disease - 4
          • Causes of Disease - 5
          • Causes of Disease - 6
          • Causes of Disease - 7
          • Causes of Disease - 8
          • Causes of Disease - 9
      • Biomes & Climographs
        • Alpine and Subalpine Tundra and Forests
        • Chaparral / Mediterranean
        • Deserts
        • Grasslands and Savannah
        • Marine
        • Temperate Coniferous Forests
        • Temperature Deciduous Forests
        • Tropical Rainforests
      • Cell Biology
      • Classification
        • Concept Maps
        • Mind Maps
      • Cycling of matter and energy
        • Oak Woodland
      • Disease Vectors
        • Disease Vectors
      • Ecosystems
      • Enzymes
        • Teacher Notes
      • Epidemiology
      • Forest Ecology
      • Flower Anatomy
      • Genetics - Dihybrid Cross
        • genetics terms
      • Genetics - Dominant & Recessive Traits
        • Genetics Survey
      • Genetics - Genotype & Phenotype
      • Heart Rate & Exercise
        • Circulatory System
        • Heart
        • Terminology
        • Terminology
      • Memory
        • Instructor directions
        • Serial Position Effect
      • Mitosis
        • A
        • B
        • C
        • D
        • E
        • F
        • G
        • H
        • mitosis diagrams
        • Results
      • Nutrition
        • "Average" Food intake for a day
          • Food
      • Organizational Hierarchy
      • Osmosis & Osmotic Concentration
      • Population Dynamics - Penguins
        • Fisheries Biologist
        • Marine Ecologist
        • Meteorologist
        • Oceanographer
        • Ornithologist
      • Reaction Time
      • Sky Islands
      • Temperature & Species Distribution
        • California
      • Tobacco & Alcohol
        • Evaluate Alcohol Advertisers Claims
        • Evaluate Tobacco Advertisements
        • Procedure
      • Tree Rings, Climate
        • Environment
        • Glossary
        • Growth characteristics
        • Growth Rates of Trees
        • Identification
        • Petrified Wood
        • Trees of California
          • Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia)
          • Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)
          • Gray Pine (Pinus sabiniana)
          • Incense Cedar (Calocedrus decurrens)
          • Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa)
          • Red Fir (Abies magnifica)
        • Yearly rainfall estimates
      • Using Databases to Analyze Dietary Risks
      • Vision
      • Structure & Function - Plant morphology
      • Photosynthesis
      • Structure & Function in Living Systems
      • iNaturalist
    • CSCL- Other
      • Where in the World?
      • Computer History
      • Computer Technology
      • Internet
      • Desmos
      • Untitled page
  • Tech
    • Apps for teaching
      • Sensors
      • Hacks
      • Analytics
      • Spreadsheet Commands
      • Imagery
    • Video Tutorials
    • White Board
    • Personal Introduction Videos
  • Norm
    • Altadena
      • Mount Lowe Railway
      • Mount Wilson
      • Altadena Elementary School
      • John Muir High School
      • Eliot Junior High School
      • Noyes Elementary School
      • Rose Parade, Rose Bowl
    • Interests
      • Friends from Altadena
      • Memorials
        • Jim Cunningham
      • Peaks Climbed
    • Favorite Quotes
Norman Herr, Ph.D.
  • NH
  • Courses
    • 514 - Computers in Instruction
    • 525 - Methods of Teaching Science
    • 554 Seminar Student Teaching in Science - 1
    • 555 Seminar Student Teaching in Science - 2
    • 616 - Computer Supported Collaborative Science - 1
    • 642 Computer Supported Collaborative Learning - I
    • 652- Computer Supported Collaborative Learning-II
    • 656- Computers in Science Teaching
    • 676 Adv. Laboratory Curriculum Development
    • 699 A-C Independent Study
    • Physics-II
  • Research
    • Books
    • Publications
    • Presentations
      • 2014 California STEM Symposium - San Diego - September 2014
      • 2018 Noyce Regional Conference - Tuscon - Developing & Using Models
      • AACE E-Learn 2013
      • AACE Formative Assessment
      • AAPT Southern California Section
      • ASTE 2013
      • ASTE 2014 - Paper Set
      • ASTE 2014 CSCS & NGSS
      • ASTE 2015
      • ASTE-HICE 2020
      • Computer Supported Collaborative Instruction: SITE, Austin 3/12
      • CSCS - Nanjing Chinese Scholars
      • CSCS Open House 2015 - CSCS & NGSS
      • CSTA-2019-Employing NASA-data to model interactions in earth systems
      • CSUN Faculty Development - Formative Assessment
      • Employing Collaborative Online Documents for Continuous Formative Assessments; HP-Catalyst - Beijing, April, 2012
      • Employing Collaborative Online Documents for Continuous Formative Assessments; SITE, Austin, 3/12
      • HICE 2014
      • HICE 2017
      • NGSS Chemistry Storylines - Paradigms for Teaching and Learning Chemistry
      • NGSS Storylines - Paradigms for Teaching and Learning Physics
      • Online Learning in International Education 2018 New Zealand
      • Supervision of Student Teachers - Video
      • Teaching STEM to Diverse Students with Cloud Computing - CA STEM Symposium
      • Using Collaborative Web-Based Docs to Instantly Collect and Analyze Whole-Class Data; CyTSE, Berkeley, CA; 2/11
      • Website Development
      • Western Regional Noyce Conference - Continuous Formative Assessment
      • WRNC- NGSS Three Course Model
      • Workshops
        • 555 Tasks
        • Building a Contact List
        • Science Conferences & Workshops
      • Presentations
      • CSLC-Summer Biology
      • Bert Corona NGSS Workshop
      • Inquiry with Gizmos
      • Computer Science Integration
    • Grants
      • PhysTec
      • California Science Project
      • cscs
      • MSTI - Math & Science Teacher Initiative
    • Research
    • Articles
      • CDA
      • CFA
  • Grad
    • Master's Programs
    • Credential Programs
    • MSTI - Math & Science Teacher Initiative
    • Graduate Programs
    • Professional Development
      • Professional Journals
      • Field Trip Sites
      • Mel Beech
      • MDECOE - Conceptual Framework
      • Bert Corona HS - NGSS
      • Edison
      • Collaboration
    • CSET Prep Workshops
    • Physics CSET
    • General Science CSET
  • NGSS
    • SEP - Science and Engineering Practices
      • SEP-1 Asking Questions and Defining Problems
      • SEP-2 Developing and Using Models
        • Physical models
        • Statistical Models
        • Mathematical Models
        • Conceptual Models
        • Computational Models
        • Graphic Models
          • Flowcharts
        • Scientific Models
        • Resources for Developing Models
      • SEP-3 Planning and Carrying Out Investigations
      • SEP-4 Analyzing and Interpreting data
      • SEP-5 Using mathematics and computational thinking
      • SEP-6 Constructing explanations & designing solutions
      • SEP-7 Engaging in Argument from Evidence
      • SEP-8 Obtaining, Evaluating and Communicating Information
      • NGSS Objectives - Models
      • Resources for Developing Models
    • CCC - Cross-Cutting Concepts
      • CCC-1 Patterns
      • CCC-2 Cause and Effect
      • CCC-3 Scale, Proportion & Quantity
      • CCC-4 Systems and System Models
      • CCC-5 Energy & Matter
      • CCC-6 Structure & Function
      • CCC-7 Stability & Change
      • CCC Integration
        • California Coastline
        • California Earthquakes
        • California Wildfires
    • DCI - Disciplinary Core Ideas
      • Physical Sciences
      • Life Sciences
      • Earth & Space Science
      • Engineering, Technology & Applications of Science
    • PE - Performance Expectations
      • ETS- Engineering, Technology, Science
        • Engineering
        • Addressing Major Global Challenges
    • Strategies & Curriculum
      • Lesson Planning
        • Lesson Planning Formats
          • 5E Model
          • CER - Claims-Evidence-Reasoning
          • Problem Based Learning (PBL)
          • POGIL
          • Traditional Lesson Planning
        • Educational Objectives
        • Feedback
        • Inquiry
        • Phenomena
        • Closure
      • California Science Test (CAST)
      • Educational Theories
        • Theories
        • Educational Theories
        • Active Learning
        • Bloom's Taxonomy
        • Constructivism
        • Engaging Learners
          • Equity vs. Equality
          • Science Humor
          • Quickwrite
          • Growth Mindset
          • STEAM
          • Student-Centered Classroom
        • Growth Mindset
        • Multiple Intelligences
        • PCK, TPCK
        • Peer Grading
        • Scaffolding
        • UDL & NGSS
          • IEP VS 504
        • VARK - Multiple Modalities
        • Flipped Curriculum
        • Metacognition
        • Cognitive Rigor Matrix
        • Critical Thinking
      • Academic Language
        • Symbols
        • Language Function
      • CSUN
        • Class Policies
        • Stock Room
          • Common sources of chemicals
      • Historical Perspective
        • 1998 Standards
        • History of Science Education
        • Layered vs Spiral Curriculua
        • Shifts in NGSS
      • 3-course model
        • Chemistry in the Earth System
        • Living Earth
        • Physics of the Universe
        • ETS- Engineering, Technology and Applications of Science
        • ESS - Connections in 3 course model
      • Curriculum
        • Advanced Placement (AP) & NGSS
        • Bozeman Science - NGSS
        • CAST California Science Test
        • Conceptual Flows / Concept Maps / NGSS
        • NGSS - Myths & Facts
        • Science Courses
      • Instructional Materials
      • Why College
  • CSCS
    • CSCS
      • Continuous Formative Assessment
      • Pooled Data Analysis
      • Collaborative Resource Development
    • CSCS - Chemistry
      • Air Pressure
        • Air Pressure - Movies
      • Atomic Radius - Properties of the Elements
      • Atoms, Ions, Isotopes
      • Charles Law - Hot Air Balloons
      • Composition of Biological Molecules
        • form - composition of molecules
        • Molecules
        • PHOTOS
      • Diffusion - Olfaction
      • Element Analysis (Databases, Graphing)
      • Endothermic & Exothermic Reactions
      • Energy Transfer
        • Expermient
      • Faraday's Candle - Developing Scientifically Oriented Questions
        • Faraday's Candle - Data Sheet
        • Observations of a burning candle
          • Submit your word doc
        • Observations of a Candle
      • Molecular Models
      • Periodic Table
      • Significance of Chemistry
      • Phase Change
    • CSCS - Env. & Earth/Space Sci
      • Air Pollution
        • Chemistry of Ozone
        • Ozone - Number of unhealthy days
        • Pollutants
      • Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
      • Earthquakes & Volcanoes
        • 1994 CSUN Earthquake
        • Costliest Earthquakes
        • Deadliest Earthquakes
        • Deadliest Volcanoes
        • Major Earthquakes
        • Recent Eruptions
        • Recent Quakes
        • Student data
        • Tallest volcanoes on each continent
        • Determining the Epicenter of an Earthquake
      • Environmental Issues
      • Geotagging
      • Hurricanes - Tropical Cylcones
        • Data
        • Famous Hurricanes
        • Hurricane videos
        • Observations - Form
        • Observations - Hurricanes
      • Los Angeles River
        • Field Investigation
        • Identification and recording of plant & animal species
        • LA River at Balboa
        • LA River Models
        • Lewis McAdams Riverfront Park
        • Los Angeles River at Balboa Avenue
        • Sepulveda Basin Wildlife Area
        • Sepulveda Basin Wildlife Area
        • Steelhead Park, Elysian Narrows
      • Lost on the Moon
      • Map Construction - Following Directions
      • Mapping
      • Mapping Environmental Issues
      • Orbits
      • Sands-Arenology
      • Santa Ana Winds
      • Sustainability - Initiatives at CSUN
        • Arbor Grill
        • Botanic Garden
        • Campus Recycling Services
        • Central Plant Thermal Storage
        • Chaparral Hall
        • Earthquake Garden
        • Electric Vehicle Charging Station
        • Food Garden
        • Fuel Cell
        • Matador Bicycle Compounds
        • Orange Grove
        • Photovoltaic Project
        • Photovoltaic Project II
        • Rainforest Project
        • Southern California Ecoregion Demonstration Garden
        • Stream, Pond & Observatory
        • Student Recreation Center
        • Transit Station
        • Valley Performing Arts Center
        • Weather Station
      • Urban Heat Islands - 2
      • Geology - Rocks
      • Fire Ecology
    • CSCS - General Science
      • Analogies - Introducing new concepts
      • Analyzing & Interpreting Data
        • 20.1 Calculations and Computer modeling
        • 20.4 Scatter & Line Graphs
        • 20.5 Column & Bar Graphs
        • 20.6 Pie & Area Graphs
        • 20.7 Combination Plots
        • 20.8 Statistics
      • Applying for Science Teaching Positions
        • Cover Letter
        • Resume
      • Artificial Intelligence -AI
        • Neural Network
      • Careers that requires science
      • Cloze & Inference
      • Cognates & Scientific Terms
        • Sources of English Languages
          • British Empire, 1919
      • Collaborative Lab Report
      • Collaborative Presentations
      • Correlations
      • Creating Online Quizes
      • Dimensional Analysis
        • Answers
      • Discovery Cube LA Study Guide
        • Discovery cube
      • Discrepant events
        • retinal fatigue
        • retina
      • Engineering Activities
      • Estimates, Scale
      • Extrapolation & Inference
      • Formative Assessments
        • Employing Collaborative Online Documents for Continuous Formative Assessment
      • Getting to know your students
      • Graphing Stories
      • Indirect Measurement
      • Mind Mapping
      • Misconceptions in Science
        • Misconceptions in Biology
        • Misconceptions in Chemistry
        • Misconceptions in Earth and Space Science
        • Misconceptions in Physics
      • Models & Universal Design for Learning
      • NGSS - Next Generation Science Standards
      • Observations
      • Photographic Techniques
        • Infrared Photography
        • Screen Recording
        • Slow Motion Photography
        • Stop Motion Photography
        • Time Lapse Photography
        • Microscopy and Telescopes
      • Pictorial Riddles
      • Powers of Ten
      • Research Questions
        • Research in physical & earth science
          • Possible Independent & Dependent Variables
          • Possible Subjects
        • Research with animals
          • Possible Dependent Variables
          • Possible Independent Variables
          • Possible Subjects
        • Research with humans
          • Possible Dependent Variables
          • Possible Independent Variables
          • Possible Subjects
        • Research with plants, protozoa, bacteria, and fungi
          • Possible Dependent Variables
          • Possible Independent Variables
          • Possible Subjects
      • Scan & Post
        • Estimating the Distance to the Moon
          • Determining the distance to the moon
        • Movies to help with scan & post activities
        • Scan & Post Technique
      • Science Games
      • Science in the community
      • Science Reading Skills
        • Characteristics of Readers
      • Simulations, Models & Data Analysis
        • Other Simulations
      • Slide Rules and Approximation
        • Scientific Notation
      • Structure & Function
      • Student Response Systems / Formative Assessment Tools
      • Translating Words into Mathematical Symbols
      • Units; Dimensional Analysis
        • Straight Line Method
      • Video Microscopy
      • Vocabulary - Academic Language
        • Biology Roots
        • Chemistry Roots
        • Dictionary or Root Words
        • Earth & Space Science Roots
        • Physics Roots
      • Walking through graphs
      • What in the Universe?
      • Procedures
      • Word Problems
      • Geometry in Science
      • Black Box Science
      • Virtual Labs
      • Problem Solving Strategies
      • Labs
    • CSCS - Physics
      • Air Pressure
      • Audio Analysis
        • Frequencies
      • Density & Buoyancy - What causes something to sink or float?
        • Applications of Density to Everyday Life
        • photos
        • Research Study on Obesity
      • Electricity - Induction
      • Energy, Momentum, Collisions
      • EM Waves - Sensors
        • Speed of Light
        • Speed of Light
      • Exercise & Motion Analysis 1
        • GPX files
        • Wilson Canyon Bench
      • Exercise & Motion Analysis 2
        • Power ratings of household appliances (W)
      • Harmonic Motion - Deriving the Formula for a Pendululm
        • Analyze Data
        • What is harmonic motion?
      • Light - Determining the Speed & Wavelength of Light
      • Refraction of Light
        • Disappearing coin
      • Relevance of Physics - How Physics is Used in Other Fields
        • Examples
      • Rockets; Video Analysis
        • Old Technique
        • Rockets
      • Stomp Rockets
      • Torque - Rotatational Equilibrium
        • Right hand rule
      • Waves & Information Transfer
        • Digital Transmission
        • Digital vs. Analog Transmission
        • Energy and Amplitude
        • HS-PS4-1.
        • HS-PS4-2.
        • HS-PS4-3.
        • HS-PS4-4.
        • HS-PS4-5.
        • MS-PS4-1.
        • MS-PS4-2.
        • MS-PS4-3.
        • Validity & Reliability
        • Wave Particle Duality of Light
      • Schematics for electronic circuits
    • CSCS - Biology
      • Beri-Beri - Using History to teach Science
        • Research Question
          • Causes of Disease -3
          • Causes of Disease - 4
          • Causes of Disease - 5
          • Causes of Disease - 6
          • Causes of Disease - 7
          • Causes of Disease - 8
          • Causes of Disease - 9
      • Biomes & Climographs
        • Alpine and Subalpine Tundra and Forests
        • Chaparral / Mediterranean
        • Deserts
        • Grasslands and Savannah
        • Marine
        • Temperate Coniferous Forests
        • Temperature Deciduous Forests
        • Tropical Rainforests
      • Cell Biology
      • Classification
        • Concept Maps
        • Mind Maps
      • Cycling of matter and energy
        • Oak Woodland
      • Disease Vectors
        • Disease Vectors
      • Ecosystems
      • Enzymes
        • Teacher Notes
      • Epidemiology
      • Forest Ecology
      • Flower Anatomy
      • Genetics - Dihybrid Cross
        • genetics terms
      • Genetics - Dominant & Recessive Traits
        • Genetics Survey
      • Genetics - Genotype & Phenotype
      • Heart Rate & Exercise
        • Circulatory System
        • Heart
        • Terminology
        • Terminology
      • Memory
        • Instructor directions
        • Serial Position Effect
      • Mitosis
        • A
        • B
        • C
        • D
        • E
        • F
        • G
        • H
        • mitosis diagrams
        • Results
      • Nutrition
        • "Average" Food intake for a day
          • Food
      • Organizational Hierarchy
      • Osmosis & Osmotic Concentration
      • Population Dynamics - Penguins
        • Fisheries Biologist
        • Marine Ecologist
        • Meteorologist
        • Oceanographer
        • Ornithologist
      • Reaction Time
      • Sky Islands
      • Temperature & Species Distribution
        • California
      • Tobacco & Alcohol
        • Evaluate Alcohol Advertisers Claims
        • Evaluate Tobacco Advertisements
        • Procedure
      • Tree Rings, Climate
        • Environment
        • Glossary
        • Growth characteristics
        • Growth Rates of Trees
        • Identification
        • Petrified Wood
        • Trees of California
          • Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia)
          • Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)
          • Gray Pine (Pinus sabiniana)
          • Incense Cedar (Calocedrus decurrens)
          • Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa)
          • Red Fir (Abies magnifica)
        • Yearly rainfall estimates
      • Using Databases to Analyze Dietary Risks
      • Vision
      • Structure & Function - Plant morphology
      • Photosynthesis
      • Structure & Function in Living Systems
      • iNaturalist
    • CSCL- Other
      • Where in the World?
      • Computer History
      • Computer Technology
      • Internet
      • Desmos
      • Untitled page
  • Tech
    • Apps for teaching
      • Sensors
      • Hacks
      • Analytics
      • Spreadsheet Commands
      • Imagery
    • Video Tutorials
    • White Board
    • Personal Introduction Videos
  • Norm
    • Altadena
      • Mount Lowe Railway
      • Mount Wilson
      • Altadena Elementary School
      • John Muir High School
      • Eliot Junior High School
      • Noyes Elementary School
      • Rose Parade, Rose Bowl
    • Interests
      • Friends from Altadena
      • Memorials
        • Jim Cunningham
      • Peaks Climbed
    • Favorite Quotes
  • More
    • NH
    • Courses
      • 514 - Computers in Instruction
      • 525 - Methods of Teaching Science
      • 554 Seminar Student Teaching in Science - 1
      • 555 Seminar Student Teaching in Science - 2
      • 616 - Computer Supported Collaborative Science - 1
      • 642 Computer Supported Collaborative Learning - I
      • 652- Computer Supported Collaborative Learning-II
      • 656- Computers in Science Teaching
      • 676 Adv. Laboratory Curriculum Development
      • 699 A-C Independent Study
      • Physics-II
    • Research
      • Books
      • Publications
      • Presentations
        • 2014 California STEM Symposium - San Diego - September 2014
        • 2018 Noyce Regional Conference - Tuscon - Developing & Using Models
        • AACE E-Learn 2013
        • AACE Formative Assessment
        • AAPT Southern California Section
        • ASTE 2013
        • ASTE 2014 - Paper Set
        • ASTE 2014 CSCS & NGSS
        • ASTE 2015
        • ASTE-HICE 2020
        • Computer Supported Collaborative Instruction: SITE, Austin 3/12
        • CSCS - Nanjing Chinese Scholars
        • CSCS Open House 2015 - CSCS & NGSS
        • CSTA-2019-Employing NASA-data to model interactions in earth systems
        • CSUN Faculty Development - Formative Assessment
        • Employing Collaborative Online Documents for Continuous Formative Assessments; HP-Catalyst - Beijing, April, 2012
        • Employing Collaborative Online Documents for Continuous Formative Assessments; SITE, Austin, 3/12
        • HICE 2014
        • HICE 2017
        • NGSS Chemistry Storylines - Paradigms for Teaching and Learning Chemistry
        • NGSS Storylines - Paradigms for Teaching and Learning Physics
        • Online Learning in International Education 2018 New Zealand
        • Supervision of Student Teachers - Video
        • Teaching STEM to Diverse Students with Cloud Computing - CA STEM Symposium
        • Using Collaborative Web-Based Docs to Instantly Collect and Analyze Whole-Class Data; CyTSE, Berkeley, CA; 2/11
        • Website Development
        • Western Regional Noyce Conference - Continuous Formative Assessment
        • WRNC- NGSS Three Course Model
        • Workshops
          • 555 Tasks
          • Building a Contact List
          • Science Conferences & Workshops
        • Presentations
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        • Bert Corona NGSS Workshop
        • Inquiry with Gizmos
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      • Grants
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      • Research
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    • Grad
      • Master's Programs
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      • MSTI - Math & Science Teacher Initiative
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      • Professional Development
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        • Collaboration
      • CSET Prep Workshops
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      • General Science CSET
    • NGSS
      • SEP - Science and Engineering Practices
        • SEP-1 Asking Questions and Defining Problems
        • SEP-2 Developing and Using Models
          • Physical models
          • Statistical Models
          • Mathematical Models
          • Conceptual Models
          • Computational Models
          • Graphic Models
            • Flowcharts
          • Scientific Models
          • Resources for Developing Models
        • SEP-3 Planning and Carrying Out Investigations
        • SEP-4 Analyzing and Interpreting data
        • SEP-5 Using mathematics and computational thinking
        • SEP-6 Constructing explanations & designing solutions
        • SEP-7 Engaging in Argument from Evidence
        • SEP-8 Obtaining, Evaluating and Communicating Information
        • NGSS Objectives - Models
        • Resources for Developing Models
      • CCC - Cross-Cutting Concepts
        • CCC-1 Patterns
        • CCC-2 Cause and Effect
        • CCC-3 Scale, Proportion & Quantity
        • CCC-4 Systems and System Models
        • CCC-5 Energy & Matter
        • CCC-6 Structure & Function
        • CCC-7 Stability & Change
        • CCC Integration
          • California Coastline
          • California Earthquakes
          • California Wildfires
      • DCI - Disciplinary Core Ideas
        • Physical Sciences
        • Life Sciences
        • Earth & Space Science
        • Engineering, Technology & Applications of Science
      • PE - Performance Expectations
        • ETS- Engineering, Technology, Science
          • Engineering
          • Addressing Major Global Challenges
      • Strategies & Curriculum
        • Lesson Planning
          • Lesson Planning Formats
            • 5E Model
            • CER - Claims-Evidence-Reasoning
            • Problem Based Learning (PBL)
            • POGIL
            • Traditional Lesson Planning
          • Educational Objectives
          • Feedback
          • Inquiry
          • Phenomena
          • Closure
        • California Science Test (CAST)
        • Educational Theories
          • Theories
          • Educational Theories
          • Active Learning
          • Bloom's Taxonomy
          • Constructivism
          • Engaging Learners
            • Equity vs. Equality
            • Science Humor
            • Quickwrite
            • Growth Mindset
            • STEAM
            • Student-Centered Classroom
          • Growth Mindset
          • Multiple Intelligences
          • PCK, TPCK
          • Peer Grading
          • Scaffolding
          • UDL & NGSS
            • IEP VS 504
          • VARK - Multiple Modalities
          • Flipped Curriculum
          • Metacognition
          • Cognitive Rigor Matrix
          • Critical Thinking
        • Academic Language
          • Symbols
          • Language Function
        • CSUN
          • Class Policies
          • Stock Room
            • Common sources of chemicals
        • Historical Perspective
          • 1998 Standards
          • History of Science Education
          • Layered vs Spiral Curriculua
          • Shifts in NGSS
        • 3-course model
          • Chemistry in the Earth System
          • Living Earth
          • Physics of the Universe
          • ETS- Engineering, Technology and Applications of Science
          • ESS - Connections in 3 course model
        • Curriculum
          • Advanced Placement (AP) & NGSS
          • Bozeman Science - NGSS
          • CAST California Science Test
          • Conceptual Flows / Concept Maps / NGSS
          • NGSS - Myths & Facts
          • Science Courses
        • Instructional Materials
        • Why College
    • CSCS
      • CSCS
        • Continuous Formative Assessment
        • Pooled Data Analysis
        • Collaborative Resource Development
      • CSCS - Chemistry
        • Air Pressure
          • Air Pressure - Movies
        • Atomic Radius - Properties of the Elements
        • Atoms, Ions, Isotopes
        • Charles Law - Hot Air Balloons
        • Composition of Biological Molecules
          • form - composition of molecules
          • Molecules
          • PHOTOS
        • Diffusion - Olfaction
        • Element Analysis (Databases, Graphing)
        • Endothermic & Exothermic Reactions
        • Energy Transfer
          • Expermient
        • Faraday's Candle - Developing Scientifically Oriented Questions
          • Faraday's Candle - Data Sheet
          • Observations of a burning candle
            • Submit your word doc
          • Observations of a Candle
        • Molecular Models
        • Periodic Table
        • Significance of Chemistry
        • Phase Change
      • CSCS - Env. & Earth/Space Sci
        • Air Pollution
          • Chemistry of Ozone
          • Ozone - Number of unhealthy days
          • Pollutants
        • Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
        • Earthquakes & Volcanoes
          • 1994 CSUN Earthquake
          • Costliest Earthquakes
          • Deadliest Earthquakes
          • Deadliest Volcanoes
          • Major Earthquakes
          • Recent Eruptions
          • Recent Quakes
          • Student data
          • Tallest volcanoes on each continent
          • Determining the Epicenter of an Earthquake
        • Environmental Issues
        • Geotagging
        • Hurricanes - Tropical Cylcones
          • Data
          • Famous Hurricanes
          • Hurricane videos
          • Observations - Form
          • Observations - Hurricanes
        • Los Angeles River
          • Field Investigation
          • Identification and recording of plant & animal species
          • LA River at Balboa
          • LA River Models
          • Lewis McAdams Riverfront Park
          • Los Angeles River at Balboa Avenue
          • Sepulveda Basin Wildlife Area
          • Sepulveda Basin Wildlife Area
          • Steelhead Park, Elysian Narrows
        • Lost on the Moon
        • Map Construction - Following Directions
        • Mapping
        • Mapping Environmental Issues
        • Orbits
        • Sands-Arenology
        • Santa Ana Winds
        • Sustainability - Initiatives at CSUN
          • Arbor Grill
          • Botanic Garden
          • Campus Recycling Services
          • Central Plant Thermal Storage
          • Chaparral Hall
          • Earthquake Garden
          • Electric Vehicle Charging Station
          • Food Garden
          • Fuel Cell
          • Matador Bicycle Compounds
          • Orange Grove
          • Photovoltaic Project
          • Photovoltaic Project II
          • Rainforest Project
          • Southern California Ecoregion Demonstration Garden
          • Stream, Pond & Observatory
          • Student Recreation Center
          • Transit Station
          • Valley Performing Arts Center
          • Weather Station
        • Urban Heat Islands - 2
        • Geology - Rocks
        • Fire Ecology
      • CSCS - General Science
        • Analogies - Introducing new concepts
        • Analyzing & Interpreting Data
          • 20.1 Calculations and Computer modeling
          • 20.4 Scatter & Line Graphs
          • 20.5 Column & Bar Graphs
          • 20.6 Pie & Area Graphs
          • 20.7 Combination Plots
          • 20.8 Statistics
        • Applying for Science Teaching Positions
          • Cover Letter
          • Resume
        • Artificial Intelligence -AI
          • Neural Network
        • Careers that requires science
        • Cloze & Inference
        • Cognates & Scientific Terms
          • Sources of English Languages
            • British Empire, 1919
        • Collaborative Lab Report
        • Collaborative Presentations
        • Correlations
        • Creating Online Quizes
        • Dimensional Analysis
          • Answers
        • Discovery Cube LA Study Guide
          • Discovery cube
        • Discrepant events
          • retinal fatigue
          • retina
        • Engineering Activities
        • Estimates, Scale
        • Extrapolation & Inference
        • Formative Assessments
          • Employing Collaborative Online Documents for Continuous Formative Assessment
        • Getting to know your students
        • Graphing Stories
        • Indirect Measurement
        • Mind Mapping
        • Misconceptions in Science
          • Misconceptions in Biology
          • Misconceptions in Chemistry
          • Misconceptions in Earth and Space Science
          • Misconceptions in Physics
        • Models & Universal Design for Learning
        • NGSS - Next Generation Science Standards
        • Observations
        • Photographic Techniques
          • Infrared Photography
          • Screen Recording
          • Slow Motion Photography
          • Stop Motion Photography
          • Time Lapse Photography
          • Microscopy and Telescopes
        • Pictorial Riddles
        • Powers of Ten
        • Research Questions
          • Research in physical & earth science
            • Possible Independent & Dependent Variables
            • Possible Subjects
          • Research with animals
            • Possible Dependent Variables
            • Possible Independent Variables
            • Possible Subjects
          • Research with humans
            • Possible Dependent Variables
            • Possible Independent Variables
            • Possible Subjects
          • Research with plants, protozoa, bacteria, and fungi
            • Possible Dependent Variables
            • Possible Independent Variables
            • Possible Subjects
        • Scan & Post
          • Estimating the Distance to the Moon
            • Determining the distance to the moon
          • Movies to help with scan & post activities
          • Scan & Post Technique
        • Science Games
        • Science in the community
        • Science Reading Skills
          • Characteristics of Readers
        • Simulations, Models & Data Analysis
          • Other Simulations
        • Slide Rules and Approximation
          • Scientific Notation
        • Structure & Function
        • Student Response Systems / Formative Assessment Tools
        • Translating Words into Mathematical Symbols
        • Units; Dimensional Analysis
          • Straight Line Method
        • Video Microscopy
        • Vocabulary - Academic Language
          • Biology Roots
          • Chemistry Roots
          • Dictionary or Root Words
          • Earth & Space Science Roots
          • Physics Roots
        • Walking through graphs
        • What in the Universe?
        • Procedures
        • Word Problems
        • Geometry in Science
        • Black Box Science
        • Virtual Labs
        • Problem Solving Strategies
        • Labs
      • CSCS - Physics
        • Air Pressure
        • Audio Analysis
          • Frequencies
        • Density & Buoyancy - What causes something to sink or float?
          • Applications of Density to Everyday Life
          • photos
          • Research Study on Obesity
        • Electricity - Induction
        • Energy, Momentum, Collisions
        • EM Waves - Sensors
          • Speed of Light
          • Speed of Light
        • Exercise & Motion Analysis 1
          • GPX files
          • Wilson Canyon Bench
        • Exercise & Motion Analysis 2
          • Power ratings of household appliances (W)
        • Harmonic Motion - Deriving the Formula for a Pendululm
          • Analyze Data
          • What is harmonic motion?
        • Light - Determining the Speed & Wavelength of Light
        • Refraction of Light
          • Disappearing coin
        • Relevance of Physics - How Physics is Used in Other Fields
          • Examples
        • Rockets; Video Analysis
          • Old Technique
          • Rockets
        • Stomp Rockets
        • Torque - Rotatational Equilibrium
          • Right hand rule
        • Waves & Information Transfer
          • Digital Transmission
          • Digital vs. Analog Transmission
          • Energy and Amplitude
          • HS-PS4-1.
          • HS-PS4-2.
          • HS-PS4-3.
          • HS-PS4-4.
          • HS-PS4-5.
          • MS-PS4-1.
          • MS-PS4-2.
          • MS-PS4-3.
          • Validity & Reliability
          • Wave Particle Duality of Light
        • Schematics for electronic circuits
      • CSCS - Biology
        • Beri-Beri - Using History to teach Science
          • Research Question
            • Causes of Disease -3
            • Causes of Disease - 4
            • Causes of Disease - 5
            • Causes of Disease - 6
            • Causes of Disease - 7
            • Causes of Disease - 8
            • Causes of Disease - 9
        • Biomes & Climographs
          • Alpine and Subalpine Tundra and Forests
          • Chaparral / Mediterranean
          • Deserts
          • Grasslands and Savannah
          • Marine
          • Temperate Coniferous Forests
          • Temperature Deciduous Forests
          • Tropical Rainforests
        • Cell Biology
        • Classification
          • Concept Maps
          • Mind Maps
        • Cycling of matter and energy
          • Oak Woodland
        • Disease Vectors
          • Disease Vectors
        • Ecosystems
        • Enzymes
          • Teacher Notes
        • Epidemiology
        • Forest Ecology
        • Flower Anatomy
        • Genetics - Dihybrid Cross
          • genetics terms
        • Genetics - Dominant & Recessive Traits
          • Genetics Survey
        • Genetics - Genotype & Phenotype
        • Heart Rate & Exercise
          • Circulatory System
          • Heart
          • Terminology
          • Terminology
        • Memory
          • Instructor directions
          • Serial Position Effect
        • Mitosis
          • A
          • B
          • C
          • D
          • E
          • F
          • G
          • H
          • mitosis diagrams
          • Results
        • Nutrition
          • "Average" Food intake for a day
            • Food
        • Organizational Hierarchy
        • Osmosis & Osmotic Concentration
        • Population Dynamics - Penguins
          • Fisheries Biologist
          • Marine Ecologist
          • Meteorologist
          • Oceanographer
          • Ornithologist
        • Reaction Time
        • Sky Islands
        • Temperature & Species Distribution
          • California
        • Tobacco & Alcohol
          • Evaluate Alcohol Advertisers Claims
          • Evaluate Tobacco Advertisements
          • Procedure
        • Tree Rings, Climate
          • Environment
          • Glossary
          • Growth characteristics
          • Growth Rates of Trees
          • Identification
          • Petrified Wood
          • Trees of California
            • Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia)
            • Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)
            • Gray Pine (Pinus sabiniana)
            • Incense Cedar (Calocedrus decurrens)
            • Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa)
            • Red Fir (Abies magnifica)
          • Yearly rainfall estimates
        • Using Databases to Analyze Dietary Risks
        • Vision
        • Structure & Function - Plant morphology
        • Photosynthesis
        • Structure & Function in Living Systems
        • iNaturalist
      • CSCL- Other
        • Where in the World?
        • Computer History
        • Computer Technology
        • Internet
        • Desmos
        • Untitled page
    • Tech
      • Apps for teaching
        • Sensors
        • Hacks
        • Analytics
        • Spreadsheet Commands
        • Imagery
      • Video Tutorials
      • White Board
      • Personal Introduction Videos
    • Norm
      • Altadena
        • Mount Lowe Railway
        • Mount Wilson
        • Altadena Elementary School
        • John Muir High School
        • Eliot Junior High School
        • Noyes Elementary School
        • Rose Parade, Rose Bowl
      • Interests
        • Friends from Altadena
        • Memorials
          • Jim Cunningham
        • Peaks Climbed
      • Favorite Quotes

Continuous Formative Assessment

Computer Supported Collaborative Science (CSCS)



Videos 

        • Drive - Photos of Students in Class - Collaborative Folder [3:12] 

        • Forms - Colleague Quiz - Collaborative Survey/Quiz [6:32]   

        • Maps - MyMaps - Mapping data [earthquakes & volcanoes] [6:56]

        • Sheets - Quickwrites - Collaborative Spreadsheets [6:44]

        • Slides-  Getting to know your students - Collaborative Presentation [6:12]    

        • Docs - Formative assessment with Google Docs [2:32]

Formative Assessment

Formative assessment is used to improve learning while it is happening, while summative assessment is used to evaluate learning at the end of a unit or course.  

Computer Supported Collaborative Science (CSCS) employs a variety of technological tools  and techniques to allow teachers to identify misconceptions, adapt lesson plans, and tailor instruction to meet diverse student needs. For students, continuous formative assessment fosters self-regulation, critical thinking, and a deeper understanding of scientific concepts, as they receive timely, constructive feedback that informs their learning journey. This iterative process helps cultivate a growth mindset and ensures that learners build a strong foundation for mastering complex scientific principles.

Continuous Formative Assessment (CFA) 

Continuous formative assessment in science education is a dynamic process that supports both teaching and learning by providing ongoing feedback to students and educators. This approach emphasizes monitoring student progress and understanding throughout the instructional process rather than waiting until the end of a unit or course. 

Continuous Formative Assessment employs synchronous collaborative web-based documents to perform continuous, real-time formative assessments of student understanding so that science teachers can adjust their instruction to address the immediate needs of their students.  There are numerous ways to perform continuous formative assessment, one of which is the online "quickwrite".

Formative Assessment Tools

  • Dedicated formative assessment tools 

  • Cloud-Based Productivity Tools- (e.g. slides,  docs, sheets, maps, drive,  forms, etc.) can be used to collect student work from a variety of resources so that the instructor can formatively assess student learning and skill development.

References

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. NY: Freeman.

Black, Paul and William Dylan (2009). Developing the theory of formative assessment. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability (formerly the Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education), 1(1).

Clark, Ian (2011). Formative Assessment: Policy, Perspectives and Practice (EJ931151). Florida Journal of Educational Administration & Policy, v4 n2 p158-180 Spr.

Clidas, Jeanne (2010). A Laboratory of Words. Science and Children, v48 n3 p60-63 Nov.

Herr, N.;Rivas, M..; Chang, T.; Tippens, M.; Vandergon, V.; d’Alessio, M.; Nguyen-Graff, D. (2013). Continuous formative assessment (CFA) during blended and online instruction using cloud-based collaborative documents. In Koç, S; Wachira, P.; Liu, X. Assessment in Online and Blended Learning Environments. Chapter submitted for publication.

Herr, Foley, Rivas, d'Alessio, Vandergon, Simila, Nguyen-Graff, Postma (2012). Employing Collaborative Online Documents for Continuous Formative Assessments. Proceedings of the Society for Information Technology and Teacher Education (SITE). Austin, TX. March 5-9.

Herr, Norman, Mike Rivas, Brian Foley, Virginia Vandergon,and Gerry Simila (2011). Using Collaborative Web-based documents to Instantly Collect and Analyze Whole Class Data. Proceedings of the 9th Annual Hawaii International Conference on Education, January 3-7, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Herr, Norman, Mike Rivas, Brian Foley, Virginia Vandergon, Gerry Simil, Matthew d'Alessio, and Henk Potsma (2011). Computer Supported Collaborative Education - Strategies for Using Collaborative Web-Based Technologies to Engage All Learners. Proceedings of the 9th Annual Hawaii International Conference on Education, January 3-7, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Herr, Norman and Mike Rivas (2010). Teaching the Nature of Scientific Research by Collecting and Analyzing Whole-Class Data Using Collaborative Web-Based Documents. Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education, October 18-22, 2010, Orlando, Florida.

Herr, Norman and Mike Rivas (2010). The use of collaborative web-based documents and websites to build scientific research communities in science classrooms. Proceedings of the 8th Annual Hawaii International Conference on Education, January 7-10, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Kay, Robin H.; LeSage, Ann (2009). A Strategic Assessment of Audience Response Systems Used in Higher Education. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, v25 n2 p235-249.

Olofsson, Anders D.; Lindberg, J. Ola; Hauge, Trond Eiliv (2011). Blogs and the Design of Reflective Peer-to-Peer Technology-Enhanced Learning and Formative Assessment (EJ930914). Campus-Wide Information Systems, v28 n3 p183-194 2011

Polanyi, M. (1967). The tacit dimension. NY: Anchor Books.

Popham, W. J. (2008). Transformative assessment. VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

Rief, Linda (2002). Quick-Writes Lead to Literacy. Voices from the Middle, v10 n1 p50-51 Sep.

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